• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2006

Introduction : In recent years, vascularized, i.e., living bone grafts, have been widely applied in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, as a method of treatment of congenital or acquired non-unions, and a large defects in mandible. The vascularized fibular graft has been especially used for this purpose because of its shape and mechanical strength. The postoperative hypertrophy of grafted fibula is of particular interest to us. Material and methods : This study was undertaken to determine the volume change(indirect methods) and radiographic appearance of a free vascularized fibular graft as it responds to the mechanical and physiologic features of its new environment. In order to elucidate the long term effect on fibular mass after mandibular reconstruction, change in various method of volume change was utilized as indirect measure of change in long-term. Results : The younger the patient, the more prominent and rapid the hypertrophy of the graft. the hypertrophy of the graft never exceeded the diameter of the recipient bone, except for callus enlargement after stress fracture of the grafted bone. Conclusion : Etiologic explanations for this phenomenon have not been clarified in the previeous literature. some of the factors implicated include a periosteal reaction or new bone formation, as seen at the onset of bone union after a fracture in a child, a reaction to the mechanical loading on the graft and a reaction to the circulatory changes resulting from the grafting procedure.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2016

Purpose: Due to recent advances in internal fixation techniques, instrumentation and orthopedic implants there is an increasing number of humeral shaft fracture treated operatively. As a consequence, an increased number nonunion after operative fixation are being referred to our center. The aim of this study is to report the common error during osteosynthesis that may have led to nonunion and present a systematic analytical approach for the management of aseptic humeral shaft nonunion. Methods: In between January 2007 to December 2013, 20 patients with humeral shaft nonunion after operative procedure were treated according to our treatment algorithm. We could analysis x-rays of 12 patients from initial treatment to nonunion. In a subgroup of 12 patients the initial operative procedure were analyzed to determine the error that may have caused nonunion. The following questions were used to examine the cases: 1) Was the fracture biology preserved during the procedure? 2) Does the implant construct have enough stability to allow fracture healing? Results: In 19 out of 20 patients have showed radiographic evidence of union on follow up. One patient has to undergo reoperation because of the technical error with bone graft placement but eventually healed. There were 2 cases wherein the treatment algorithm was not followed. All patients had problems with mechanical stability, and in 13 patients had biologic problems. In the analysis of the initial operative fixation, only one of 12 patients had biologic problems. Conclusion: In our analysis, the common preventable error made during operative fixation of humeral shaft fracture is failure to provide adequate stability for bony union to occur. And with these cases we have demonstrated a systematic analytic management approach that may be used to prevent surgeons from reproducing the same fault and reduce the need for bone grafting.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2008

목적: 잠김 압박 금속판(LCP)을 이용한 상완골 근위부 골절의 수술적 치료에 대한 임상적, 방사선적 치료 결과를 평가해보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 1월부터 2007년 4월까지 상완골 근위부 골절에 대해 LCP를 이용해 치료받고 12개월 이상 추시가 가능했던 24예를 대상으로 하였으며, 남자는 8예, 여자는 16예이었다. 평균 연령은 68.9세(33~90)이었다. 임상적 결과는 Neer의 기능적 평가 방법을, 방사선적 결과는 골 유합 시기 및 경간각을 이용한 Paavolainen의 방법으로 평가하였다. 결과: 평균 골 유합 기간은 11.9주(8~15)이었다. Neer의 기능적 평가상, 만족 이상의 결과를 보인 경우는 21예(87%)이었고, Paavolainen의 방법에 의한 방사선적 결과가 양호 이상인 경우는 22예(91%)이었다. 3예(13%)에서 금속 실패, 무혈성 골 두 괴사, 관절 강직의 합병증이 각각 발생하였다. 결론: 상완골 근위부 골절에 대해 LCP를 이용한 내고정술은 비교적 양호한 임상적, 방사선적 결과 및 적은 합병증을 보여, 상완골 근위부 골절의 수술적 치료에 유용한 방법 중 하나로 판단된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2023

Purpose: This study compared the functional and cosmetic treatment outcomes of intramedullary nailing (IM nail) and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for distal tibia shaft fractures. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients with distal tibia shaft fractures (distal 1/3 of the diaphysis, AO/OTA [AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association]) 43 managed by an IM nail (n=30) or MIPO (n=18) who had minimum one-year follow-up were enrolled in this study. The radiological, functional, and cosmetic outcomes in the two groups were compared retrospectively. Results: All patients achieved bone union. The mean bone union time of the IM nail and MIPO groups was 18.5 and 22.6 weeks, respectively (p=0.078). One patient in the MIPO group showed posterior angulation and valgus deformity of more than five degrees. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) functional scores were similar: 83.3 in the IM nail group and 84.6 in the MIPO group (p=0.289). The most salient difference was the cosmetic result of the surgical scar. The length of the scars around the ankle in the IM nail group was significantly smaller than the MIPO group (2.6 cm vs. 10.6 cm; p=0.035). The patient satisfaction survey of surgical scars revealed a significantly higher satisfaction rate in the IM nail group than in the MIPO group (93% vs. 44%; p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that both treatment methods for distal tibia shaft fractures have similar therapeutic efficacy regarding the radiological and functional outcomes. On the other hand, the IM nail technique showed superior cosmetic outcomes than the MIPO technique. IM nails may be more recommended in patients with high demand for cosmetic results.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2003

목적: 장관골 단순성 골낭종에 동반된 병적 골절의 치료 결과를 분석하여 적절한 치료방법을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1993년 12월부터 2001년 5월까지 장관골 단순성 골낭종에서 병적 골절을 동반한 12예를 대상으로 하였다. 연령분포는 2세에서 19세까지 평균연령 9세였고, 남자 11명, 여자 1명이었으며 추시 기간은 12개월에서 69개월까지 평균 32.9개월이었다. 병적 골절에 대하여 일차적으로 보존적 치료를 원칙적으로 하였으며, 전위가 있는 체중 부하부위 골절은 수술적 치료를 시행하였다. 골절 유합 후 남은 잔존 병소에 대하여 국소적 스테로이드 주입법, 피질천공술 또는 소파술 및 골이식술을 시행하였으며 골유합 소견이 보이면서 골낭종의 치유소견이 관찰되는 경우에는 특별한 처치 없이 관찰하였다. 추시 기간 중 효과 판정 방법은 낭종이 완전히 치유된 경우를 우수(excellent), 낭종이 치유 되가는 과정을 보인 경우 양호(good)로 판정하였으며, 낭종의 크기의 변화가 없거나 계속 커지는 경우를 불량(poor)으로 판정하였다. 결과: 병적 골절은 보존적 치료(9예)와 관혈적 정복술(3예)을 통하여 전례에서 유합 소견을 보였다. 골유합 후 골낭종의 치유소견이 보여 특별한 처치 없이 관찰한 6예에서 양호이상의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 잔존병소가 지속되는 6예에 대해서는 국소적 스테로이드 주입법(3예), 피질 천공술(1예) 또는 소파술 및 골이식술(2예)을 시행 후 양호이상의 결과를 얻었다. 결론: 단순성 골낭종에 동반된 장관골 병적 골절의 치료에서 전위가 없거나 도수 정복이 가능한 경우 보존적 치료가, 체중 부하부위의 전위골절의 경우 관혈적 정복술이 좋은 치료법으로 사료된다. 또 병적 골절의 골유합 소견을 얻은 후 골낭종의 치유소견이 나타나는 경우 지속적 관찰이 필요하며, 잔존 병소가 지속되는 경우 이차적 치료를 고려하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2011

Objective : The safety and efficacy of various fusion substitutes in pyogenic osteomyelitis has not been investigated. We evaluated and compared the cadaveric allograft and titanium cages used to reconstruct, maintain alignment and achieve fusion in the management of pyogenic spinal infection. Methods : There were 33 patients with pyogenic osteomyelitis underwent fusion in this study. Fifteen of the 33 patients were operated on by fusion with allografts (cadaveric patella bones) and 18 of those were operated with titanium mesh cages filled with autologous cancellous iliac bone. After the affected disc and vertebral body resection with pus drainage, cadaveric allograft or titanium cages were inserted into the resected space. Posterior transpedicular screw fixation and rod compression in resected space, where cadaveric allograft or titanium cages were inserted, was performed to prevent the malposition in all patients except in 1 case. Recurrent infection was identified by serial erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cross reactive protein follow-up. Osseous union and recurred infection available at a minimum of 2 years following operation was identified. The amount of kyphosis correction and the subsidence were measured radiographically. Results : Spinal fusion was achieved in 29 of 33 patients. In the cadaveric allograft group, 93.3% of patient (14 of 15) showed the osseous union while 83.3% of patient (15 of 18) in the titanium cage group showed union. Subsidence was noted in 12 of the patients. Twelve patients (36.3%) showed unsettling amounts of subsidence postoperatively whereas 46.6% of patients in the cadaveric allograft group and 37.7% of patients in the titanium cage group showed similar subsidence, respectively. There were statistical difference in the fusion rate (p=0.397) and subsidence rate (p=0.276) between the two groups. There was significant statistical difference in the postoperative improvement of segmental kyphosis between the two groups (p=0.022), that is the improvement in sagittal alignment was greater in the titanium cage group than in the cadaveric allograft group. There was no case of recurred infection. Conclusion : The cadaveric allograft and titanium cages are effective and safe in restoring and maintaining sagittal plane alignment without increased incidence in infection recurrence in pyogenic osteomyelitis. The postoperative improvement of segmental kyphosis was better in the cage group.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2013

Purpose: The optimal management for ankle fracture in elderly patients remains controversial. This study was undertaken to review the results of surgical treatment of ankle fracture in the elderly and to compare with other studies. Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 33 patients over the age of 65(average 71.5 years) who underwent surgical treatment of ankle fracture from January 2004 to December 2011. The study was a retrospective review of outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures. To measure the clinical outcomes, we assessed postoperative complications, the pre- and post-operative mobility status, fracture union status, the time of fracture union and the AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) Ankle-Hindfoot scale. The level of patient satisfaction was also identified. Results: Delayed wound healing occurred in three patients(9.1%) but their wounds healed with repeated dressings without additional surgical treatment. Malunion occurred in one patient(3%). One patient(3%) had postoperative infection but healed with antibiotic treatment. 24 patients(96%) returned to preoperative mobility status. VAS score was lower than 2 in all patients. Bone union occurred with the 3.8 months (average months) after the surgery in all patients. Average AOFAS score was 87.4 and these were similar results as other studies of young patients. All patients were satisfied with surgical outcomes according to interviews. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of ankle fractures in the elderly can carry a significant risk of delayed wound healing and infection but incidence is relatively low. Internal fixation of ankle fractures in the elderly can be undertaken safely and the majority of patients can expect good outcome.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the results of children with displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus treated with open reduction and pinning with closed reduction and pinning. Materials and Methods: From March 2002, we treated 17 patients with completely displaced supracondylar fractures under the age of 7 with a minimal follow up period of 6 months. 9 patients were treated with closed reduction and pinning and 8 patients were treated with open reduction and pinning. The clinical results were evaluated with Flynn's criteria. Time to bone union was also analyzed for these two set of patients. Results: The group treated with open reduction had 6 excellent and 2 good results for change in carrying angles, 5 excellent, 2 good and 1 fair results for motion loss evaluated by Flynn's criteria. The average time to bony union for this group was 5.8 weeks. The group treated with closed reduction had 6 excellent, 2 good, and 1 fair results for change in carrying angles and 7 excellent, 1 good and 1 fair results for motion loss. The average time to bony uinon for this group was 3.7 weeks. Conclusion: In treating completely displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus in children, the closed reduction method and open reduction method all showed good results. But the operation time, duration of hospital stay and time to union was somewhat shorter for the patients treated with closed redution and pinning.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2013

서론: 불안정성 쇄골 원위부 골절에 대하여 변형된 경견봉 강선 고정술과 갈고리형 금속판 고정술을 시행 후 결과를 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: Neer 분류 제 2형 골절에 대하여 경견봉 강선 고정술 혹은 갈고리형 금속판 고정술을 시행하고 1년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 24명을 대상으로 하였다. 경견봉 강선 고정술(group I)을 시행한 경우가 12명, 갈고리형 금속판 고정술(group II)을 시행한 경우가 12명이었다. 정복 및 골유합의 평가는 수술 직후 및 최종 방사선 사진을 이용하였고, 기능적 평가는 최종 추시 시의 UCLA score 및 Constant-Murley score를 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 수술 뒤 group I은 평균 10주, group II는 평균 11.7주에 모든 예에서 골유합을 관찰할 수 있었다. 최종 추시 시의 평균 UCLA score는 group I은 33점, group II는 32.8점이었으며, 평균 Constant score는 group I은 88.5점, group II는 88.8점으로 두 기능적 평가 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: Neer 분류 제 2형 원위 쇄골 골절에서 경견봉 강선 고정술과 갈고리형 금속판 고정술은 만족할 만한 결과를 얻을 수 있어 모두 유용한 방법으로 생각된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of operative treatment using mini-open sinus tarsi approach for displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: We studied 18 cases (16 patients) of intraarticular calcaneal fractures who were treated with sinus tarsi approach by same surgeon. The mean age of patients was 44.8 years, and mean follow-up period was 17.2 months. The measurement of B$\ddot{o}$hler angle, Gissane angle, the degree of articular surface depression, and the period to union were performed through preoperative and postoperative radiographs. The clinical evaluation was performed according to hindfoot score of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and scale of the Creighton-Nebraska health foundation (CNHF). Results: B$\ddot{o}$hler angle and Gissane angle had improved significantly from preoperative average $9.8^{\circ}$, $117.6^{\circ}$to average $22.4^{\circ}$, $113.4^{\circ}$ immediate postoperatively, and had maintained to average $21.8^{\circ}$and $114.2^{\circ}$ at the last follow-up. The degree of articular surface depression had improved significantly from preoperative average 5.2 mm to 1.2 mm at the last follow-up. All cases achieved bone union, and the period to union was average 10.5 weeks. AOFAS score was average 86.2 points at the last follow-up. There were 7 excellent, 9 good, and 2 fair results according to the CNHF scale. Therefore, 16 cases (88.8%) achieved satisfactory results. Conclusion: The minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach using headless compression screw seems to be an effective surgical method for displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures, because of the possibility of accurate restoration of articular surface and the low risk of postoperative soft tissue complications.