• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2019

This paper presents a novel structural composition for artificial bone scaffolds with an appropriate biocompatibility and biodegradability capability. To achieve this aim, carbon nanotubes, due to their prominent mechanical properties, high biocompatibility with the body and its structural similarities with the natural bone structure are selected in component of the artificial bone structure. Also, according to the piezoelectric properties of natural bone tissue, the barium titanate, which is one of the biocompatible material with body and has piezoelectric property, is used to create self-healing ability. Furthermore, due to the fact that, most of the bone tissue is consists of hydroxyapatite, this material is also added to the artificial bone structure. Finally, polycaprolactone is used in synthetic bone composition as a proper substrate for bone growth and repair. To demonstrate, performance of the presented composition, the mechanical behaviour of the bone scaffold is simulated using ANSYS Workbench software and three dimensional finite element modelling. The obtained results are compared with mechanical behaviour of the natural bone and the previous bone scaffold compositions. The results indicated that, the modulus of elasticity, strength and toughness of the proposed composition of bone scaffold is very close to the natural bone behaviour with respect to the previous bone scaffold compositions and this composition can be employed as an appropriate replacement for bone implants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 2013

This study focused on the development on functional shoe apparatus so that the appropriate impact can be applied to the feet in order to improve the density of mineral bone at lower limbs. The model with structure proposed in this study had an effective stress about 20 to 100% higher by comparing that of the model without it among most of 15 bone extraction points. Though there is a limitation that the finite element analysis data from the human body model are not the value of mineral bone densities by measuring directly but the effective bone stresses against impact, the proposed structure is designed to influence the increase of bone mass and improve the density of mineral bone by effecting the improvement of the density of mineral bone actually.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06e
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• pp.277-280
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• 2002

In this paper, it is fundamental purpose that finding the relationship between quality and structure of bone, by reconstructing the bone structure image, using ultrasound. In this study, longitudinal transmission method was used for experiment as basic measuring method, which is known as ultrasonic diagnosis method for human tibia. And using ultrasonic velocity parameter that can be detected and calculated with the transmitted signal, new estimated parameter, called Bone Area Fraction, is applied to reconstruct image. Through the in-vitro experiment in cattle's tibia bone, basic sectional image of bone which is similar in real bone structure image can be reconstructed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.390-395
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• 2011

The objective of our study was to produce an imitation bone material consisting of hydroxyapatite with a compact and spongy structure. This study shows the ideal content of $SiO_2$ and the sintering temperature to produce imitation bone that has the mechanical properties of natural bone. On the basis of our determination of the ideal conditions, a compact part was produced and its mechanical properties were tested. A compact part made of 0.5 wt% $SiO_2$ and sintered at $1350^{\circ}C$ showed excellent mechanical properties. The bioactivity of the compact part under this condition was tested, and it was found to be bioactive. The porous part was produced by controlling the powder size, and the dual structure was manufactured by combining the compact and porous parts. A water permeability test confirmed that the dual structure had an interconnected pore structure. Therefore, this dual-body structure is feasible for use in the creation of implants.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.225-228
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• 2011

This study evaluated the mineral crystalline structure of an autogenous tooth bone graft material. The crystalline structures of the autogenous tooth bone graft material enamel (AutoBT E+), dentin (AutoBT D+), xenograft (BioOss), alloplastic material (MBCP), allograft (ICB) and autogenous mandibular cortical bone were compared using XRD. The XRD pattern of AutoBT dentin and ICB was similar to that of autogenous bone.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2011

PURPOSE. This study investigated the influence of bone quality and surgical technique on the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value. In addition, the influence of interfacial bone quality, directly surrounding the implant fixture, on the resonance frequency of the structure was also evaluated by the finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two different types of bone (type 1 and type 2) were extracted and trimmed from pig rib bone. In each type of bone, the same implants were installed in three different ways: (1) Compaction, (2) Self-tapping, and (3) Tapping. The ISQ value was measured and analyzed to evaluate the influence of bone quality and surgical technique on the implant primary stability. For finite element analysis, a three dimensional implant fixture-bone structure was designed and the fundamental resonance frequency of the structure was measured with three different density of interfacial bone surrounding the implant fixture. RESULTS. In each group, the ISQ values were higher in type 1 bone than those in type 2 bone. Among three different insertion methods, the Tapping group showed the lowest ISQ value in both type 1 and type 2 bones. In both bone types, the Compaction groups showed slightly higher mean ISQ values than the Self-tapping groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. Increased interfacial bone density raised the resonance frequency value in the finite element analysis. CONCLUSION. Both bone quality and surgical technique have influence on the implant primary stability, and resonance frequency has a positive relation with the density of implant fixture-surrounding bone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.35-41
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• 2020

The structure of the femur bone was analyzed. Moreover, the mechanical strength of the bone was determined by considering two parameters, namely, the outer wall thickness and inner filling density to realize the 3D printing of a cortical bone and spongy bone by using a fused deposition modeling type 3D printer and ABS material. A basic experiment was conducted to evaluate the variation trend in the mechanical strength of the test specimens with the change in the parameters. Based on the results, the parameters corresponding to the highest mechanical strength were selected and applied to the artificial bone, and the mechanical strength of the artificial bones was examined under a load. Moreover, we proposed an approximation method for the 3D printing parameters to enable the comparison of the actual bones and artificial bones in terms of the strength and weight.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2003

This study used FEM(Finite Element method) based on micro-CT images to see the effects of occlusal force distribution with varying bone density and structure. the mandibular premolar region from human cadaver, thickness of 10mm was imaged using micro-CT. the cross sectional images were taken every $10{\mu}m$. these were reconstructed and the longitudinal image at the mid point of mesiodistal of the speciman was obtained for the specimen for the FEM. The stress disribution produced by a vertical force at 100N and 100N horizontal were analyzed by MSC Nastran FEM Package. according to the result of this study the occlusal force distribution depends on the structure of cancellus bone and for further information on the occlusal force distribution on the tooth and the surrounding structure requires further studies on cancellus bone structure. CEJ of all model show the highest peak and region whice meet teeth and bone show second high peak. Original model and cortical bone add model show different stress distribution. Stress distribution changed according to bone structures and densities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.92-101
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• 2010

This study evaluated the structure and quality of osteoporotic vertebral bone. To induce osteoporosis, eight rats were ovariectomized (OVX). All rats were divided into two groups (Normal group: 4, OVX group: 4). Total lumbar vertebrae for each rat were scanned by in-vivo ${\mu}CT$ at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. Morphological characteristics (BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp and SMI) were calculated by in-vivo ${\mu}CT$ image analyzer. Three dimensional finite element models were analyzed to investigate bone strength of OVX and Normal groups. Moreover, the elastic modulus was quantitatively analyzed to evaluate the quality changes of osteoporotic bone. In the OVX group, BV/TV, Tb.Th and Tb.N were significantly decreased at all the lumbar over time (p<0.05). We also investigated a contrary tendency in Tb.Sp and SMI, compared to the above results in each group. A degree of alteration of mechanical characteristics in OVX group was decreased over measuring time (p<0.05). Bone quality presented by distribution of elastic modulus was improved in the Normal group more than OVX group. The findings of the present study indicated that both bone structure and quality of whole lumbar could be tracked and detected by analyzing the morphological and biomechanical characteristics of bones, based on a nondestructive method.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2016

The finite element method is wide used in simulation in the biomechanical structures, but a lack of studies concerning finite element mesh quality in biomechanics is a reality. The present study intends to analyze the importance of the mesh quality in the finite element model results from humeral structure. A sensitivity analysis of finite element models (FEM) is presented for the humeral bone and cartilage structures. The geometry of bone and cartilage was acquired from CT scan and geometry reconstructed. The study includes 54 models from same bone geometry, with different mesh densities, constructed with tetrahedral linear elements. A finite element simulation representing the glenohumeral-joint reaction force applied on the humerus during $90^{\circ}$ abduction, with external load as the critical condition. Results from the finite element models suggest a mesh with 1.5 mm, 0.8 mm and 0.6 mm as suitable mesh sizes for cortical bone, trabecular bone and humeral cartilage, respectively. Relatively to the higher minimum principal strains are located at the proximal humerus diaphysis, and its highest value is found at the trabecular bone neck. The present study indicates the minimum mesh size in the finite element analyses in humeral structure. The cortical and trabecular bone, as well as cartilage, may not be correctly represented by meshes of the same size. The strain results presented the critical regions during the $90^{\circ}$ abduction.