• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.520-530
• /
• 2016

This research aims to propose an ergonomic design process for hip protector based on previous studies, existing products, multidisciplinary experts opinion, and wearing test. The elderly are more likely to suffer a hip fracture when they fall due to their physical changes in skeletal form, muscle quantity, bone density, and joint movement. A hip protector is an effective product to prevent hip fractures in the elderly but it also has a problem in that it is uncomfortable. Therefore there is a high chance that it won't be able to prevent hip fractures properly. Since the comfort of a hip protector is one of the most critical elements in preventing a hip fracture, we need to keep improving the hip protector for mobility and usability. Based on the previous studies and limitations of current hip protector products, we need to come up with an optimal design for the Korean elderly. First, knowledge has to be built relating to the ergonomic design of the hip protector considering body shape and size analysis using 3D-scan data, and biomechanical analysis on hip fracture. Second, we need to develop a design process including hip protector pattern design, and wearing evaluation with virtual system. Third, we suggest to reevaluate and verify the design procedure from impact evaluation using testing simulator, virtual evaluation of impact, to wearing comfort and usability evaluation. This design process presented in this study would be expected to contribute to the development of ergonomic hip protector which is suitable for the Korean elderly.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.76-81
• /
• 2004

최근 산업장 뿐만아니라 주택에서의 실내환경오염은 대단히 중요한 관심사이다. 특히 미국 EPA에서는 성인이 하루에 약 80 % 이상을 실내 공간에서 생활하고 있는 것으로 보고하고 있으며, 이러한 생환 방식의 변화에 인한 최근 도시화 지역에서의 실내 공기질(indoor air quality)의 문제가 새로운 환경 이슈로 부각되고 있고, 일본을 비롯한 구미 각 국에서도 21세기 환경문제 중 실내환경(indoor environment) 문제를 최우선으로 다루고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 주택에서의 실내공기질을 평가하기 위하여 설문지를 통하여 인식도를 조사하고 그를 토대로 6개의 다른 주거환경을 가진 주택을 대상으로 실내공기오염도를 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 평가한 측정항목은 온도, 습도, CO, $CO_2$, 호흡성분진, 포름알데히드, 총부유세균(TBC)이었으며, 주택의 지역 및 계절별로 나누어 측정하였는데, 측정결과 호흡성분진은 주택 5,6 에서 국내의 기준을 초과하였으며, 총부유세균은 흥콩과 싱가폴의 실내기준 권고치인 $500{\;}CFU/m^3$을 초과였고, HCHO는 모든 대상 주택에서 초과하였다. 또한 통계적으로 분석한 결과 주택의 건축년도와 CO, TBC가 0.01 수준에서 유의성 관계를 나타냈으며, 습도는0.05 수준에서 유의성을 나타냈다. 또한 주택의 거주자 500인을 대상으로 조사한 설문지 결과에서는 대부분 응답자가 실내공기오염에 대하여 인식하고있으며, 실내오염으로 인해 피로>두통>눈 아픔>기침 등을 호소하고 있으며, 실내공기정화장치가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 목적은 주택에서의 실내공기질을 평가하여 실내공기질의 중요성을 인식시키고, 그에 대한 구체적인 대책방안을 제시하여 관련 기준을 준비하는데 기초적인 자료를 마련하고 주민들이 쾌적한 삶을 유지하는데 기여하고자 한다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제46권10호
• /
• pp.623-632
• /
• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of zoledronate(Zometa(R)), which is most common nitrogen containing bisphosphonate, on survival, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast. Material & Methods: Twenty four cell culture plates containing essential medium were seeded with UMR-106 cell lines, at density of 5 x $10^4 cells per plates. Each plates were incubated with 5% $CO^2 incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. Starting from 2 days after incubation, cell culture medias were replaced, and added with osteogenesis induction media and 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, $3\muM$ of zoledronate(Zometa(R)), every 2 days, for 12 days. Control group was plates not added with zoledronate($0\muM$), and experiment group were plates added with different concentration of zoledronates(0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, $3\muM$). Mature osteoblasts were identified with Alizarine Red staining, and protein samples were collected. Optical density was determined at wavelength of 405nm with ELISA reader. For viability analysis, cells were harvested and incubated with propidium iodide, and analysed with flow cytometry. Western blot technique was used to analyse Runx2 protein of osteoblast. Results : Secretion of bone matrix decreased as zoledronate concentration increased, and zoledronate did not effect survival rate of UMR-106 cells when measured with flow cytometer. Expression of Runx2 protein was inhibited as zoledronate concentration increased. Conclusion : From the results, we were able to identify that increase of zoledronate concentration inhibited differentiation of UMR-106 cell to osteoblast, without effecting quantity or survival rate.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2002

In the literatual study of anti-tumor effects of chunghwangsan for leukemia, the results were as follows. 1. Chunghwangsan is composed of Indigo naturalis and Realgar. The composing rate is 9 : 1 and it is made into capsule or piece. The basic administration is 0.3g per day and could increase the quantity each day. 2. The effects of Chunghwangsan is expelling toxin and colling, colling blood to detumescence, drying wetness and anticancer are. So it can be used to treat AML, CML and lymphoma. 3. The anticancer component of Indigo naturalis is indirubin which has the effects of suppression the transplanted tumor, activating the phagocyte of macrophage, promoting the maturation of myeloblast to improve cure rate of CML. The anticancer component of Realgar is $As_2O_3$ which has the direct cellular toxicity for leukemia cell. 4. In viewpoints of oriental medicine, leukemia is malignant myeloid neoplasia in which pathogen invade to shaoyin(少陰). So Chunghwangsan which is expelling toxin and colling, colling blood to detumescence, drying wetness and anticancer is effective to leukemia. 5. In clinical reports, Chunghwangsan is often used in CML, and also used in AML, lymphoma and so on. 6. Chunghwangsan is cool-natured, so we must carefully pay attention to pregnant women and hematsdthenic patients. The main side effects are nausea, bone marrow pain, diarrhea, polydefecation, hematokezia and purpora. We sometimes take invigorating stomach medicine to prevent the side effects. 7. If we continuously develop Chunghwangsan and therapy for leukemia with syndrome differentiation. we can improve the response and cure rate for leukemia in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.327-340
• /
• 2002

거세한우 송아지 24두(평균체중 : 167.7kg)를 대상으로 점토광물 종류에 따라 4개 처리(T1 : 관행사육, T2 : Kaolinite, T3 : Bentonite, T4 : Illite)를 두어 6개월령부터 24개월령까지 비육시험 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일당증체량은 육성기, 비육전기, 비육후기 및 전기간에 각각 0.682-0.713, 0.669-0.714, 0.690-0.840 및 0.699-0.756kg으로, 육성기 및 비육전기에는 관행구가, 비육후기 및 전기간에는 점토광물구가 높았으며, 특히 Illite 및 Bentonite구가 높았지만 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 1kg 증체에 소요된 농후사료 및 TDN 량도 각각 관행사육구에 비해 점토광물 급여구가 적었으며, 점토광물 중에서 특히 Bentonite 급여구가 적게 소요되었지만 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 도체조사 결과 도체율, 정육율 및 거래정육율 등은 처리구에 따른 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나, 육량지수는 T3, T2, T4 및 T1에서 각각 69.3, 68.9, 68.8 및 68.6이었고, 근내지방도는 T3, T2, T4 및 T1에서 각각 5.1, 4.6, 4.4 및 3.3 이었으며, 쇠고기의 전단력은 3.51-6.02kg/$cm^2$으로 점토광물 급여가 육량 및 육질을 모두 개선시키며, 다즙성, 연도, 향미 등 관능검사의 구성요소 모두를 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다. 쇠고기의 지방산 구성에서 포화지방산은 T2, T3, T1 및 T4의 순으로 높았고, 반대로 단일 불포화지방산은 T4, T3, T1 및 T2 순으로 높았으며, 오레인산 함량은 Illite 급여구가 다른 급여구보다 높은 것으로 나타났지만, 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 쇠고기의 아미노산 구성에서 필수아미노산의 함량은 T1, T2, T3 및 T4의 순으로 높아 점토광물 급여가 쇠고기의 필수아미노산에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 사골 분석결과 점토광물 급여구에서 곰탕의 탁도 및 점도가 높고 짙은 색상을 띄었으며, 미량광물질 중 P, Na 및 Mg의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 경제성분석 결과, 처리구별 소득은 967.1～1,524.1천원/두이었고, 점토광물 급여가 무급여에 비해 23.7-57.6%가 증가하였으며, 특히 Bentonite 및 Illite의 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 점토광물은 경제형질과 관련, 특정요소를 집중적으로 개선시키지는 않지만, 육량 및 육질 등 생산성과 관련된 요소들을 골고루 개선시켜 소득을 증대시키므로, 비육전기부터 출하시까지 농후사료 급여량의 2% 내외를 급여하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.235-245
• /
• 2000

This study was peformed to elucidate the effects of antler, red ginseng, safflower seed, ipriflavone and estrogen on ovariectomized rats. The rats were fed with Ca and P deficient diet for five weeks to induce osteoporosis. After this period, these animals were fed with normal for and treated every other day with antler(600mg/kg, PO), red ginseng(200mg/kg, PO), safflower(200mg/kg, PO), ipriflavone(80mg/kg, PO) and estrogene(400$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, IM) for S weeks. During the treatment, the rats were examined for body, organ, femur and femur ash weights. And electron-microscopical examinations were also performed on femora. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The body weights of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated groups after five weeks of treatment, were 303.0$\pm$3.0g, 273.3$\pm$4.4g, 288.3$\pm$5.1g, 300.5$\pm$5.2g, 320.5$\pm$4.2g, respectively. They, except the red ginseng-treated group, were significantly higher than 278.4$\pm$2.7g of normal control group(P<0.05). And the body weight of non-treatment group was 29it.2$\pm$5.5g which was higher than that of control group, too. 2. The weights of left femur after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.83$\pm$0.2g by antler, 0.89$\pm$0.2g by red ginseng, 0.87$\pm$0.2g by safflower 0.83$\pm$0.1g by ipriflavone and 0.78$\pm$0.1g by estrogen-treated group. They were a little lower than 0.97$\pm$0.1g of normal control group. Non-treatment group showed 0.83$\pm$0.1g which was lower than that of control group but not significant. 3. The weights of ashed left femora after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.36$\pm$0.01g by antler, 0.40$\pm$0.01g by red ginseng, 0.41$\pm$0.01g by safflower, 0.36$\pm$0.01g by ipriflavone and 0.35$\pm$0.01g by estrogen-treated group. Those results were significantly lower than 0.43$\pm$0.01g of normal control group. And non-treatment group showed 0.29$\pm$0.01g of femoral ash which was significantly lower than that showed by control group(p<0.05). 4. The femoral Ca contents of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated rats were 19.6$\pm$0.7%, 17.8$\pm$1.1%, 18.8$\pm$0.9%, 18.0$\pm$1.1%, 15.3$\pm$1.1%, respectively, after five weeks of treatment. The femoral Ca contents of antler and safflower-treated groups were higher than that of control group which showed 18.2$\pm$0.9% of Ca The non-treatment group, showing 15.3$\pm$0.7%, had significantly lower content of Ca than normal group(p<0.05). 5. The weights of liver, spleen, and kidney in the osteoporosis-induced rats during the treatment with antler, red ginseng, safflower, jpriflavone and estrogen showed not significant changes. 6. The connections among the trabeculae of control group were maintained well, showing no bone loss. However, the connections among the trabeculae of non-treatment group were thinner than those of control group and were almost disconnected and the lacunae were found to be broadened. Antler and safflower-treated group showed only slight changes. The recovery rates were prominent in antler, safflower, estrogen-treated groups but they were insignificant in red ginseng and ipriflavone-treated groups.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.202-213
• /
• 2004

Object : Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Mylabris phalerata (반모) in some kinds of cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Some kinds of cancer cells lines were treated. We used nine kinds of cancer cell lines, such as stomach cancer cells (Kato), lung cancer cells (Calu-1, NCI-H 1395), urinary bladder cancer cells (HS789T), bone cancer cells (Saos-2), brain cancer cells (SK-N-MC), liver cancer cells (Hep-G2), skin cancer cells (Mo-1) and prostate cancer cells (PC-3) with the water decoction of Mylabris phalerata. The histological changes of all cell lines in the media (RPMI-1640) containing the decoction of Mylabris phalerata were observed and we examined cell death assay by trypan blue exclusion testing was examined. Finally, the change of mitochondrial membrane potential was measurd and the inhibitory effect of Mylabris phalerata on cell increase was examined by analyzing the cell cycle. Results: In histologic change all cancer cell lines showed withdrawn and floating appearance that is typical in cellular impairment. Most of the cell lines showed over 50% death rate after 24 hours in trypan blue exclusion tests. Especially the stomach, urinary bladder. brain and liver cell lines showed over 30% death rate after 12 hours. All cell lines treated with Mylabris phalerata were less stained than the control group and the mitochondrial membrane potential in the Mylabris phalerata treated cell lines was markedly lower than that in the control group. The measurement of DNA quantity in all cell lines showed the disappearance of the peak and the thickened left axis, which suggests that all cellular DNA degraded. Conclusion: Mylabris phalerata had cytotoxicity on various kinds of cancer cell lines and the mechanism of that was the impairment of mitochondria by the breakdown of the mitochondrial cell membrane. We propose that this is in part attributable to the destruction of DNA in cancer cells.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.151-170
• /
• 1999

This study was to investigate the metal accumulation from SipJeonDaeBo-Decoction to rat blood of Sprague Dawley. 1. There were no significance in body weight, water dose feed ingestion quantity, liver, kidney, brain, bone weights between the control and the experimental groups. Under the experiment with drinking waters was no metal ${\sim}\;0.65mg/L$ detected. Metal level within feed found 0.0001-376.983mg/kg. 2. In the pack of SipJeonDaeBo-decoction, there detected no metal ${\sim}2.086mg/L$ 3. After P.O(per os) SipJeonDaeBo-decoction, As is detected $2.390{\pm}0.812mg/kg$ in blood; Cd $0.001{\pm}0.001mg/kg$, Co $0.003{\pm}0.001mg/kg$, Cr $0.432{\pm}0.234mg/kg$, Cu $1.013{\pm}0.373mg/kg$, Fe $426.293{\pm}114.842mg/kg$, no Hg, Mn $0.109{\pm}0.082mg/kg$, Ni $0.122{\pm}0.068mg/kg$, Zn $3.584{\pm}1.270mg/kg$. 4. The concentration of Hazardous heavy metal (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb) within blood control group is searched $0.488{\pm}0.138\;mg/l$; experiment I group $0.432{\pm}0.080mg/l$, experiment II group $0.588{\pm}0.213mg/l$. In the concentration of non hazardous heavy metal(Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) control group $101.409{\pm}6.832mg/l$; experiment I group $96.062{\pm}5.732\;mg/l$, experiment II group $125.139{\pm}044.820mg/l$. 5. Correlation among every metal in blood Zn and Cr was 0.87956 ; Cd and As -0.02316, Pb and As -0.08738, Ni and As 0.07824, Mn and As 0.07824, Mn and Cd 0.04999. Briefly under the injection of SipJeonDaeBo-decoction, this study was defined within safety in blood level by P.O. during 10 days.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.1299-1304
• /
• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the production performance of broiler breeder females (25 to 40 weeks of age) fed either reference diet or low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diet with or without microbial phytase (500 FYT/kg) supplementation. A weighed (160 g/b/d) quantity of feed from each diet was offered daily to 40 replicates of one bird each housed in California type cage having individual feeders. Each cage was considered as a replicate. A continuous 16-h light per day was provided using incandescent bulbs. Body weight, egg production, egg weight, feed per egg mass, egg specific gravity, egg breaking strength, shell thickness, tibia ash and serum Ca and protein concentrations were not affected by reducing the NPP level from 0.30 to 0.18% in the broiler breeder diet. Supplementation of phytase (500 FYT/kg) enzyme to the diet containing 0.18% NPP had no added advantage on any of the above production parameters. The serum inorganic P was increased significantly (p<0.05) by either enhancing the NPP content from 0.18 to 0.30% or supplementing phytase @500 FYT/kg to the diet containing low P which were found comparable. Retention of Ca and P was positive on all the diets. P retention decreased significantly (p<0.05) with either increase in NPP content or phytase supplementation in the diet. Neither NPP nor phytase supplementation influenced bone mineralization in terms of tibia ash and strength. The hatchability was not influenced by either increasing the NPP content or supplementing the enzyme phytase. Similarly, the P concentration in the egg yolk and day old chick, day old and 14th day body weight and leg score was not altered by increasing the level of NPP or supplementing phytase enzyme. The mortality was within the normal limits in all the three dietary groups. Thus, it can be concluded that 0.18% NPP (288 mg NPP intake/b/d) in the broiler breeder' diet is adequate in sustaining the optimum performance from 25 to 40 wks of age. Enhancing the NPP content or supplementation of phytase (500 FYT/kg diet) to diet containing 0.18% NPP had no added advantage on performance.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.367-375
• /
• 2008

교정치료 시 고정원은 항상 염두에 두면서 치료를 진행해야 하는 중요한 요소이다. 전통적인 고정원을 이용한 치료는 환자의 적극적인 협조를 필요로 하고 원하는 치아이동에 대한 반작용이 나타날 수 있는 등의 부작용을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 보다 견고한 구강 내 고정원이 요구되어져 왔으며 이를 위해 miniscrew가 임상에서 흔히 이용되고 있다. Miniscrew를 통한 고정원의 확보는 구외력 의존도 감소, 치료기간의 단축, 식립 후 즉시 교정력 적용, 환자의 협조도 불필요, 식립의 간편성, 저렴한 비용 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 성장기 환자는 성인에 비해 골질이 좋지 않아 miniscrew의 성공률이 성인에 비해 낮다. 그러나 일단 고정에 성공하면 많은 교정치료 시 매우 유용하게 이용할 수 있다. 본 증례는 혼합치열기 환자를 miniscrew를 이용하여 정중이개 및 정중선 불일치, 매복치에 대한 양호한 교정치료를 하였기에 보고하는 바이다.