• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1121-1128
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• 2010

Objective : This study was to survey the differences of bone mineral density and oral health-related characteristics according to smoking status. Methods : The data for this study were collected by Oral health-related questionnaire and BMD measurements of 20s adults(205) who were using gym in D college areas from July 5th to 9th, 2010. Results : 1. There were a significant difference of 65.4 % of male in smoker group, 59.8% of women in non smoker group(p=0.000). 2. There were a significant difference in subjective oral symptoms among yellow teeth(p=0.000). 3. There were no difference in the T-score of DMB according to smoking. Conclusion : According to the study on smoking, only subjective oral symptoms were shown while the differences at bone mineral density were insignificant. Above findings suggest that further study about the expanding the number and ages of the subjects, smoking, BMD, and oral health related studies is necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2008

This study examined the effects of mulberry-leaf powder Tofu(MPT) on the anthropometric measurements, bone mineral density(BMD), biochemical markers of bone turnover, serum lipid levels of and macrominerals status in 30 female university students living in Choongnam with low dietary Ca intake was low(mean daily $intake=524.66{\pm}21.47$ mg/day). The subjects received the MPT supplemented(100 g/day) for 4 weeks. The nutrient content per 100 g MPT was 84.10 kcal(energy), 8.98 g(protein), 0.53 mg(fiber), 211.33 mg(Ca) and 1.59 g(fat). Anthropometric measurements, 24-hour dietary recall, carpus BMD using DEXA, select BMD biomarckers(serum alkaline phophatase activity, osteocalcin, urinary deoxypyridinoline), serum protein levels, albumin, and glucose levels, lipid profiles(cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) and serum macrominerals(Ca, Ca/P ratio, Mg) were analyzed before and after MPT supplementation. Following MPT supplementation, there was no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, nutrient intakes, carpus BMD, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline, serum levels of protein, albumin, and glucose or lipid profiles with AI, HTR, LHR and CRF. However, there were significant increases in dietary calcium as well as decreases in serum triglycerides with MPT supplementation. Although further research is needed, these results that regular intake MPT could prevent bone and cardiovascular diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.158-161
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• 2002

We investigated whether controlled dynamization enhanced regenerative bone healing of the tibia in 12 adult mongrel dogs. An average of 2 cm (∼ 10% of bone length) lengthening was obtained. The left hindlimb was allowed dynamization of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm in magnitude when 1 cm (∼ 5%) of lengthening was achieved, whereas the right hindlimb was not dynamized and served as a control. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the regenerative bone was measured periodically until nine weeks after the end of distraction. After sacrifice, uniaxial compression testing was performed. Relative BMD ratio and

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. The data from 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for data analysis. Subjects were 2,701 postmenopausal women aged ${\geq}50$ years. BMDs at whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary data from 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire containing 63 food items were used. The proportions of osteopenia at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 37.4%, 54.5%, and 45.4%, respectively. The proportions of osteoporosis at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 6.2%, 25.6%, and 34.3%, respectively. Age, anthropometric index including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI), parathyroid hormone, and physical activity were related to BMD, but the relationships were site specific. Total femur BMD was explained by age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of carbohydrate and fruits. Femoral neck BMD was related to age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of riboflavin and fruits. Lumbar spine BMD was associated with age, weight, milk and dairy products, calcium intake, and exercise. These results indicated that adequate intakes of milk and dairy products, fruits, carbohydrate, calcium, riboflavin and exercise as well as weight maintenance might play an important role in maintaining optimum bone health in Korean postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2009

Objectives: Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and is one of the most important major public health problems world wide. It is more occurred in female than male, but as the osteoporosis of men is increasing, therefore bone fractures of men are increasing. So we investigated the factors which are related to Bone Mineral Density(BMD) of male for prevention of osteoporosis. Methods: We measured the Bone Mineral Density(BMD) of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck in 5198 male, using dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DEXA; DPX-alpha). And then we analysed the 8 factors - age group, bone mass index(BMI), amount of smoking, drinking, exercise, and fast blood sugar, gastric disease, thyroid disease - which are related to BMD of male. Results: 1. In age group according to ${\ll}$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun, 黃帝內徑 素問${\gg}$, T-score was the highest at 17-24(三八歲) years group and decreased rapidly after 57-64(八八歲) years group in both lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck. Therefore we concluded that T-score of male in lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck change according to age group in ${\ll}$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun, 黃帝內徑 素問${\gg}$. 2. In BMI(body mass index), T-score of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck were the highest in obese group than non-obese group. In comparison of age group according to BMI, T-score of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) was significant difference in 17-72 years group and T-score of femoral neck was in 25-72 years group. 3. In exercise, T-score of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck was increasing as exercising more. In comparison of age group according to exercise, Both T -score of lumbar spine and femoral neck were significant difference in 25-72 years old. 4. T-score of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) was the highest in men who have taken exercise daily, and T-score of femoral neck was the highest in men who have taken exercise 1-3 times for a week. Conclusions : The age group in ${\ll}$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun, 黃帝內徑 素問${\gg}$ is related to BMD of men. And risk factors - BMI, exercise - are related to BMD of men. Therefore we expect that this study will help for prevention of osteoporosis of men.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3781-3788
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• 2014

This study examined the age-related bone mineral density (BMD), accumulated bone loss rate (ABLR) at different skeletal sites in Korean men using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)(the 1st (2010), 2nd (2010) and the year at the 5th survey). The cubic regression model was found to be the best for describing the age-related changes in BMD. The lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle in the bone mineral density difference were analyzed by ANOVA. The peak BMD was at 20-24 years at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle, and the 75-79 years of age group had the highest Accumulated Bone Loss Rate. Therefore, intensive management will be necessary for men over 75 years, and a diagnosis of osteoporosis in Korean men should be made according to The International Society for Clinical Densitometry; ISCD.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

Purpose : Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture are important determinants for bone strength. Recently micro-CT have provided possibilities for measuring a variety of structural indices to characterize bone microarchitecture. The objective of this study was to compare the BMD and micro-CT parameters with Young's modulus calculated by finite element analysis (FEA) for the evaluation of bone strength. Materials and Methods Bone specimens were obtained from the 18 female rabbits aged 16 weeks. Of those, 36 samples (right and left femur) were selected for 3D micro-CT analysis $(ANT^{TM},\;SKYSCAN,\;Belgium)$ and BMD by PIXlmus 2 (GE Lunar Co. USA). Five microstructural parameters of micro-CT, such as trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone specific surface (BS/BV), percent bone volume (BV/TV), structure model index (SMI) and degree of anisotropy (DOA) were studied. Young's modulus was obtained by software program (ANSYS 9.0, ANSYS Inc, Canonsburg, PA) based on micro-CT three dimensional images. Results : Young's modulus assessed by FEA correlated significantly with Tb.Th, BV/TV, BS/BV and SMI respectively. Young's modulus showed higher correlation with these rnicrostructural parameters of micro-CT than BMD. Microstructural parameters except DOA showed significant correlations within the examined group. Conclusion The microarchitectural parameters o( micro-CT and BMD represented some informations in the evaluation of bone strength assessed by FEA.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2009

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the percentage of body fat and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 886 students of the 4, 5, 6th grade were sampled from 6 elementary schools in Daejeon city from May to June 2005. Participants completed the questionnaire on socio-demographic factors, eating habits and physical activities, and had the measurements of body composition, BMD, height and weight. T-test, one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to compare body composition and BMD among groups defined by study factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors related with percentage of fat and BMD in each sex. Results: When adjusting age, height, weight and family income, the amount of food intake and regular exercise including the days of exercise per week and the daily exercise duration were significantly associated with percentage of fat in boys, but not in girls. When adjusting the same variables, regular exercise, the days of exercise per week and the daily exercise duration were positively associated with BMD in both sexes. Conclusion: Regular exercise with one or more days per week were the common factor to decrease percentage of fat and increase BMD in school children. This showed that regular exercise program could improve the body composition of school children.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.48
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• pp.316.1-316.10
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• 2018

Background: Water pressure and muscle contraction may influence bone mineral density (BMD) in a positive way. However, divers experience weightlessness, which has a negative effect on BMD. The present study investigated BMD difference in normal controls and woman free-divers with vertebral fracture and with no fracture. Methods: Between January 2010 and December 2014, traditional woman divers (known as Haenyeo in Korean), and non-diving women were investigated. The study population was divided into osteoporotic vertebral fracture and non-fracture groups. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured. The radiological parameters for global spinal sagittal balance were measured. Results: Thirty free-diving women and thirty-three non-diving women were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the divers was $72.1{\pm}4.7$ years and that of the controls was $72.7{\pm}4.0$ years (P = 0.61). There was no statistical difference in BMD between the divers and controls. In divers, cervical lordosis and pelvic tilt were significantly increased in the fracture subgroup compared to the non-fracture subgroup (P = 0.028 and P = 0.008, respectively). Sagittal vertical axis was statistically significantly correlated with cervical lordosis (Spearman's rho R = 0.41, P = 0.03), and pelvic tilt (Spearman's rho R = 0.46, P = 0.01) in divers. Conclusion: BMD did not differ significantly between divers and controls during their postmenopausal period. When osteoporotic spinal fractures develop, compensation mechanisms, such as increased cervical lordosis and pelvic tilt, was more evident in traditional woman divers. This may be due to the superior back muscle strength and spinal mobility of this group of women.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2012

Objectives: This study explored the relationships between Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Body Mass Index(BMI), Age, pain duration outcomes of treatment for Low Back Pain(LBP) in 3 groups(normal,osteopenia,osteoporosis) of female patients. Methods: We evaluated 32 cases of normal, 30 cases of osteopenia and 38 cases of osteoporosis based on BMD, BMI, Age, pain duration among the female inpatients with LBP caused by lumbar disc herniation, admitted at Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine from January 2010 to December 2011. And we measured VNRS(Verbal Numeric Rating Scale) to evaluate the conservative treatment effects. Results: In improvement of female LBP caused by lumbar disc herniation, BMD(T-score), BMI had not proved correlation(P-value>0.05). Female patients' age was negatively correlated with T-score. In pain improvement, BMD normal group showed more reduction of NRS(numeric rating scale) than osteoporosis group, but that had not proved correlation(p-value=0.893). Conclusions: Statically, among the female inpatients with LBP caused by lumbar disc herniation, had no significant differences between the normal group, osteopenia group and osteoporosis group's improvement rate, depending on treating period.