• 한국노년학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 12주간 저항성훈련에 따른 노화 흰쥐의 골밀도 및 골대사 관련 지표에 미치는 영향을 관찰하는 것이다. 생후 64 주령의 Sprague-Dawley계 노화 흰쥐(체중 565±3.12)를 대조군(n=10)과 저항성 훈련군(부하 없는 저항성 훈련군(n=10)과 부하 있는 저항성 훈련군(n=10)으로 분류하여 주 4회 12주간 사다리 오르기 훈련을 실시한 후 골밀도 및 골대사 관련 지표의 변화를 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 대퇴골의 회분 및 칼슘 햠량은 부하 있는 저항성 훈련군>부하 없는 저항성 훈련군>대조군 순으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, 세 집단간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 인지질 함량은 부하 있는 저항성 훈련군>부하 없는 저항성 훈련군, 부하 있는 저항성 훈련군>대조군 순서로 나타났는데, 대조군에 비교하여 부하 있는 저항성 훈련군에서만 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 골강도와 osteocalcin 농도는 부하 있는 저항성 훈련군>부하 없는 저항성 훈련군>대조군 순으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, 세 집단간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구를 종합하면 노화 흰쥐에서 12주간 저항성훈련은 대퇴골밀도와 골대사관련 지표에 유익한 효과를 나타내는데 이러한 결과는 저항성훈련으로 인한 골밀도의 증가는 골재흡수의 지표인 osteocalcin 과 골의 기계적구조의 변화뿐만 아니라 훈련의 강도(training intensity)가 중요한 매개 요인임을 알 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

Effects of dietary calcium lactate (CaL-A) and Chungkukjang (Korean native fermented soybean) on bone mass, calcium status, body weight, serum glucose and cholesterol levels in young male rats were investigated. Chungkukjang was fermented by mixing 4 types of Bacillus sp., and then dried at 45$^{\circ}C$. Calcium lactate was prepared from the ash of black snail. The rats were fed a commercial rat diet for 1 week and then the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Animals were divided into four dietary groups: one calcium-deficient diet (Ca-De) and one of three with calcium supplemented diets (5 g calcium/kg diet) with either calcium phosphate (Ca-P), CaL-A, or CaL-A + Chuntkukjang (CaL-AC). Calcium supplemented diets contained 39 g Ca-P/kg diet and 28 g/kg of calcium lactate in the CaL-A and CaL-AC diets. Body weight gains during the 4 weeks in the Ca-P, CaL-A, CaL-AC and Ca-De groups were 130.45 g,112.50 g, 143.40 g and 10.20 g, respectively. Feed consumption of the groups from high to low was CaL-AC > Ca-P > CaL-A > Ca-De. The Ca-De group had low femur weights and low serum calcium concentrations, while they were comparatively high in CaL-AC, Ca-P and CaL-A groups. The Ca-De groups excreted less calcium in urine than did the other rats, probably due to increased absorption of the mineral in Ca-P, CaL-A and CaL-AC groups. Microscopic observations revealed that there were many regularly spaced holes in the femur of Ca-De group, while there were much smaller regularly spaced holes in Ca-P group. However, no holes in femur were observed in the CaL-A and CaL-AC groups. Bone surfaces were especially smooth and clean in the CaL-AC group. Serum concentrations of glucose and total cholesterol were remarkably lower in the CaL-AC group than in the other supplemented groups. These results suggest that calcium from CaL-A has higher bioavailability than from Ca-P, and dietary Chungkukjang may have a beneficial effect on calcium metabolism.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.536-545
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate osteopenia and osteoporosis prevalence of radius and tibia using Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) and to identify affecting factors of osteoporosis. A total of 4,340 women aged 40 - 69 years, living in Ansung (rural) and Ansan (mid-sized) area, and free of illnesses affecting bone metabolism participated in the community-based cohort study. Among them 4,059 subjects measured radius bone density and 4,089 measured tibia. The T-score threshold, defined as < -1.0 and $\le$-2.5, was used to identify subjects with osteopenia and osteoporosis by WHO criteria. The crude prevalence of osteoporosis in radius and tibia was $8.4\%$ and $23.3\%$ respectively; after adjustment for age, it changed $6.3\%$ and $18.8\%$. In simple logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of osteoporosis increased by aging, non-marital status, low education, low income. Otherwise, high intakes of Ca/P, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and vitamin E were decreased osteoporosis prevalence. Compared to the normal BMI (body mass index) group 08.5 $\le$ BMI < 23), the odds ratio (ORs) of the low BMI group (BMI < 18.5), and high BMI groups (BMl25-30, BMI $\ge$ 30) were significantly increased. The OR of osteoporosis decreased across increasing quartiles of intakes of Ca, P and Ca/P. Therefore, maintaining normal BMI and increasing Ca intake and Ca/P ratio may have a beneficial effect on bone health of Korean women.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the bioavailability of calcium derived from starfish as a new calcium source. Four-week old Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided 6 groups. The rats were received experimental diets containing two kinds of Ca sources, CaCO₃ or starfish, and three levels of Ca, low (0.1 %), medium (0.5%) and high (1.0%), respectively, for 6 weeks. The parameters which related to Ca bioavailability were measured : Serum Ca concentration, Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and GOT activities ; tissue Ca contents, bone dimension and Ca, P, Mg contents; Ca retention and apparent absorption. Starfish Ca-fed rats did not show any difference from CaCO₃-fed rats in terms of growth, food intake and FER. Serum Ca, ALP and GOT activities as well as tissue Ca contents were not different between CaCO₃- and starfish Ca-fed groups. Although dimension of femur and lumbar was not different between CaCO₃- and starfish Ca-fed rats, ash content was high in starfish Ca-fed rats. Ca and P contents of femur and lumbar were not different between both groups. Starfish Ca-fed groups showed higher Mg contents than CaCO₃-fed groups in both femur and lumbar. Ca absorption rate and retention rate were significantly higher in starfish Ca-fed rats. These results indicate that Ca derived starfish did not show any negative effect on growth and Ca metabolism of rats compared to calcium carbonate. Starfish Ca can be recommended as a good Ca source on the basis of higher Ca absorption and bioavailability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2015

During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes significant physiological changes. The present study assessed the changes on calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) metabolism in singleton and twin-pregnant dairy goats. The 42 goats used ($49.5kg{\pm}7.6$ body weight [BW]) were assigned at random to treatments that were factorially arranged to account for 2 breeds (Oberhasli and Saanen), 2 pregnancy types (singleton and twin) and 3 gestation periods (80, 110, and 140 days). Digestibility trials were performed at 80, 110, and 140 days of gestation. Mineral retention during pregnancy was determined in the maternal body, femur, uterus, mammary gland, fetus and fetal fluid. Blood samples were taken during pregnancy before and after a meal, and Ca, P, Mg, Na, K ions and alkaline phosphatase activity determined in serum. Bone mineral density was determined in the right femur. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS MIXED procedure. Dry matter intake decreased linearly up to 140 days of gestation. Maternal BW gain, and Ca, P, and Mg retention (g/kg) decreased linearly with the advance of gestation days. Macromineral retention in maternal body (g/kg) was greater in Oberhasli than Saanen goats, and their fetuses had higher Ca, P, and Mg deposition (mg/g). Mineral retention (mg/g) increased in fetuses according to pregnancy development, with no differences between singleton and twin pregnancy. In the mammary gland, the retention of all minerals (g) increased with the days of pregnancy. In conclusion, related to Ca, P, and Mg metabolism can be divided into two stages. Up to 80 days of gestation, was characterized by the preparation of the maternal body reserves for future mineral demands. From 80 days of gestation onward, was characterized by the transfer of maternal body reserves for fetal development and colostrum production. Na and K supply was provided by adjustments in endogenous excretion and an increase in intestinal absorption. Finally, mineral metabolism was specific to each genotype and, except for Na, was not affected by the number of fetuses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

본 연구는 n-3 장쇄지방산이 풍부한 어유가 골격대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 이유한 Sprague-Dawley 종 흰쥐 (수컷)에게 4주 동안 FO군, FICO군, SO군의 실험식이를 공급한 후, 혈액과 뇨에서 생화학적 골격대사지표와 대퇴골의 무기질함량 및 골밀도를 측정하였다. 부갑상선호르몬, 칼시토닌, 오스테오 칼신은 세 그룹 사이에 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 뼈흡수지표인 deoxypyridinoline도 그룹 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 골격형성지표인 ALP의 활성은 FO군에서 SO군에 비해 유의하게 높았고, 대퇴골의 골밀도 또한 SO군에 비해 FO군에서 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다. 그러나 FICO군과 SO군 간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 본 연구에서 DHA, EPA 급원의 어유 함량이 높은 식이는 ALP활성을 높이고 골밀도를 증대시킴으로써 성장기 흰쥐의 골격형성에 보호적인 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 식이 n-3 장쇄지방산이 골격대사에 미치는 효과를 규정하기 위해서는 적정식이수준이나 적정 n6/n3 비율과 관련된 많은 연구가 요구되며, n-3계 내의 각 지방산이 골격에 주는 작용양상에도 차이가 있을 수 있으므로 이에 대한 다양한 연구의 병행이 필요할 것으로 본다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1446-1456
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• 1998

Bones are important parts in sustaining the shape of the body, but they are also metabolic organs which undergo bone remodeling by constant bone resorption and formation. Osteoporosis, the typical metabolic bone disease, is characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD). Women more than men are at risk fir osteoporosis-related fractures, especially in the lumbar spine, wrist, and hip region. Risk of fracture depends on one's BMD, which open determined by the peak bone mass value achieved at skeletal maturity and followed by subsequent age-and menopause-related bone loss. Genetic and environmental factors are known to play a key role in bone metabolism and diet is considered as one of the important environmental factors. The purpose of the present study was to assess the status of BMD and bone mineral content(BMC) to clarify the relationships between dietary intakes and the risk of osteoporosis in adult women in Taegu. Subjects were 130 healthy females in between 20 and 69 years of age. BMD and BMC of the lumbar spine(venebrae L2-4) of the subjects were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The average age of the subjects was 47.4${\pm}$11.7 years old, the average weight was 57.2${\pm}$8.4kg, the average age of menarche was 16.6${\pm}$1.9 years old and the average age of menopause was 48.4${\pm}$5.3 years old. The nutrient intakes of the subjects measured by the convenient method were generally lower than the level of RDA. The result of nutrient intake assessed has shown that the average energy intake was 1701${\pm}$316kca1 which is 85.1% of the RDA and the average calcium intake was 485.4${\pm}$172.3mg which is 69.3% of the RDA. The intakes of protein, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, niacin were greater than the RDA, whereas the remaining nutrient intakes were lower than the RDA. The average BMD of the subjects was shown to be 1.06${\pm}$1.09g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The highest BMD of 1.24${\pm}$0.14g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was noticed in the subjects of 30s compared to 20s, 40s, 50s, 60s. The BMD values were compared by the relative body weight(R3W) of the menopause subjects, and it was found that the underweight group had significant lower BMB while the rest of the groups did not have any differences in BMD. The most strongly correlated nutrient with BMD among the menopause subjects appeared to be calcium. The women whose Ca intakes were higher than 500mg showed the significantly higher BMD than those with Ca intakes lower than 500mg. This study suggests that the most effective way to prevent osteoporosis and to reduce the incidences of fractures seems to be minimizing bone loss through the adequate intake of calcium as well as avoiding underweight, especially in menopausal women. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) . 1446-1456, 1998)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.853-859
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• 2006

본 연구는 난각 칼슘염의 종류와 난막의 존재유무가 칼슘대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 난각에서 탄산칼슘을 용해시켜 난각 칼슘유무에 따른 칼슘급원으로서의 생기적 유용성을 확인하여 경제적이고 효과적인 칼슘보충제를 개발하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 실험동물은 4주령의 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷 흰쥐를 사용하였으며 실험식이는 난각분을 유기산에 용해시켜 제조한 난각 칼슘염(초산염, 글루쿠론산염)과 난각분을 각각 난막 분리와 난막 미분리로 나누어 급여하였다. 1군은 난막 미분리 난각분{ES(M+)}을, 2군에게는 난막 분리 난각분{ES(M+)}을, 3군에게는 난막 미분리 초산염{AC(M+)}을, 4군에게는 난막 분리 초산염{AC(M-)}을, 5군에게는 난막 미분리 글루쿠론산염{GC(M+)}을, 6군에게는 난막 분리 글루쿠론산염{GC(M-)}을 칼슘농도 0.2%로 조정하여 4주간 급여하여 사육하였다. 칼슘염 중 초산염이 글루쿠론산염보다 대퇴골의 무게를 향상시켰으며 난막존재시 대퇴골 무게가 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 난각 칼슘염의 종류와 난막유무에 따른 interaction은 없었다. 대퇴골의 체중 100 g당 Ca함량은 난막 미분리군에서는 난각 칼슘염의 종류에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 체중 100 g당 대퇴골의 Ca함량은 난막 미분리군에서는 글루쿠론산염군에서 가장 높은 수준이었으며, 난막 분리군에서는 초산염군으로 나타났다. 난막 분리군에서는 난각 칼슘염간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 칼슘염이 난각 분말 형태에 비해 높은 경향을 보였다. Ca 흡수율과 보유량은 난막 미분리군에서는 GC(M+)>AC(M+)>ES(M+)의 순서였으며 난막 분리군에서는 AC(M-)ES(M-)의 순으로 난막분말 형태보다는 난각 칼슘염의 형태에서 높은 수준을 보여 난각 칼슘염의 형태가 Ca 흡수율과 보유량을 상승시키는 것으로 나타났다. ALP의 활성은 난막유무에 관계없이 각군 간에는 유의적인 차이는 없었느나 글루쿠론산염의 형태가 가장 높은 활성을 보인 반면 초산염의 형태가 가장 낮은 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과들을 미루어 볼 때 난각분으로 공급하기보다는 난각 칼슘염 형태로 공급하는 것이 칼슘대사에 유리하게 작용하는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 난각의 $CaCO_3$를 이온화하여 칼슘급원으로 공급하거나 다양한 식품에 첨가하여 기능성을 부가한 건강증진 제품으로 개발하는 것은 한국인의 칼슘섭취수준을 향상시키고 칼슘부족으로 인한 질병예방 및 개선에 도움이 될 뿐만 아니라 폐자원으로부터 고부가가치제품을 개발함으로써 농가 소득 및 국가경제 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2006

칼슘은 한국인에게 가장 부족되기 쉬운 영양소로 섭취만큼이나 흡수가 중요한 요인이 되는 미네랄이다. 최근 칼슘흡수 증진에 효과가 있는 소재로 주목받고 있는 폴리 감마글루탐산(${\gamma}-PGA;\;poly-{\gamma}-glutamic\;acid)$이 체내 칼슘흡수에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 4주령된 수컷 흰쥐(Sprague Dawley, female rats)를 이용하여 3주간 칼슘결핍식이를 급여시켜 칼슘결핍을 유도 후에, ${\gamma}-PGA$ 보충식이를 4주간 급여하였다. 실험군은 칼슘결핍군(Ca free group), 칼슘보충군(칼슘1.2% 보충군, total Ca 0.45%), 칼슘과 CPPl% 보충군(칼슘1.2%+CPP1% 보충군), 칼슘과 PGA1% 보충군(칼슘1.2%+${\gamma}-PGA1%$ 보충군), 칼슘과 CP1%+PGA1% 보충군(칼슘1.2%+CPP1%+${\gamma}-PGA1%$ 보충군), 칼슘과 PGA3% 보충군(칼슘1.2%+$\gamma$-PGA3% 보충군)으로 구분하였다. 이때 ${\gamma}-PGA$의 효과를 검증하기 위해 ${\gamma}-PGA$와 칼슘흡수 기전이 유사하고 이미 효능이 알려져 있는 casein phosphopeptide 보충군을 실험군에 추가하였다. 식이섭취량은 칼슘결핍군이 다소 낮았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 칼슘섭취량도 유의적 차이 없이 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 변 및 뇨중 칼슘 배설량은 칼슘만을 섭취한 대조군에 비해 ${\gamma}-PGA$보충군에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 칼슘흡수율 또한 그룹간의 유의적 차이를 보여 칼슘만을 섭취한 그룹에 비해 ${\gamma}-PGA$를 함께 보충한 그룹의 흡수율이 30%더 높은 경향을 보였으며 이는 이미 효능이 알려진 CPP보다 우수한 수준이었다. 골형성 지표인 혈중 ALP를 측정한 결과 대조군에 비해 ${\gamma}-PGA$보충군이 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮았고, 혈중 칼슘농도는 항상성을 유지하며 그룹간의 유의적 차이 없이 비슷한 수준을 보였으며 , OHPr/Cre도 유의적 차이는 없었다. 뼈 중 칼슘함량 및 강도는 칼슘결핍군이 나머지군에 비해 유의하게(p<0.03) 낮았으며, 칼슘함량의 경우 칼슘만을 보충한 그룹에 비해 ${\gamma}-PGA$를 함께 보충한 그룹이 농도 의존적으로 높은 칼슘함량을 보였고(p<0.05), 골강도의 경우는 유의적 차이는 없었으나 ${\gamma}-PGA$를 함께 보충한 그룹이 농도 의존적으로 골강도가 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 칼슘결핍을 유발한 흰쥐 에 칼슘만을 보충시켰을 때보다 칼슘과 함께 ${\gamma}-PGA$를 함께 보충했을 경우, 칼슘흡수 증진 및 골대사에 긍정적으로 기여함을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 좀 더 명확한 효과 검증을 위해서는 차후 많은 개체수와 장기간의 식이를 통한 반복실험, ${\gamma}-PGA$섭취수준에 따른 추가실험이 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.793-807
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• 2006

This study was performed to estimate the effect of alphacalcidol supplementation or nutrition education on the nutrient intakes, bone mineral density and bone markers in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The 90 CAPD subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups (alphacalcidol group: AG, nutrition education group: NG, and control group: CG). Alphacalcidol supplementation($0.5{\mu}g/day$) was carried out for 8 months. Nutrition counseling was performed according to the patient s individual question for the first 6 months and scheduled nutrition education with individual counseling was carried out for the last 2 months. In baseline data. there were no significant differences in age, sex, family number, education years and monthly income except the NG showed significantly less duration of CAPD (p< 0.05) compared to other two groups. After intervention all three groups showed tendency of lower intakes. NG revealed less decrease in protein, especially in animal protein calcium from Ca-P binder, dietary calcium, dietary iron and niacin. NG showed significantly more increase in dry weight (p<0.05) and AG in waist circumference (p<0.001) after intervention. The groups did not show significant differences in the changes of biochemical indices related to bone metabolism. NG revealed more increase in trochanter BMD(p < 0.05) compared to other two groups. It seems that nutrition education is more effective in preventing deterioration or improving the bone and general nutrition status.