• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.562-568
• /
• 2008

Theosteoporosis, which is occurred after menopause, is a kind of metabolic bone disorder. It develops when the bone mass begins to decrease radically and its main symptoms are the bone fracture and the height-shortening. This thesis aims at what effects the Phlomis umbrosa will have for the prevention of the osteoporosis in the SD-rat that is caused by the ovariectomy. The 24 female white rats, after their ovaries are removed, were divided into the Normals, the Control group, Phlomis umbrosa Administrated group. After then, for 8 weeks, D.W to the normals and the control, and the Phlomis umbrosa(46 mg/100 g) to the Phlomis umbrosa group were given in the mouths of them. After 8 weeks the rats were sacrificed. And the weight, albumin, AST, ALT, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, P, Ca, T4, estradiol, the weight of the femur, the amount of tibia ash, the area of trabecular bone, the thickness of trabecular bone were measured. The serum analysis shows that the total cholesterol of the Phlomis umbrosa Administrated group reduced remarkably, compared to that of the control group. AST, ALT, ALP, T4 of Phlomis umbrosa group were decreased, but not in distinct measure. Estradiol of Phlomis umbrosa group increased substantially compared to that of the control group, but albumin, triglyceride, Phosphorous, calcium of the group showed the tendency to increase, but not so remarkably. The histological observation shows that the area and the thickness of (trabecular bone), the number of osteoclast of the Phlomis umbrosa groups increased significantly compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: The above experiment shows that Phlomis umbrosa has the prevention effect by supplying estradiol.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.939-948
• /
• 2005

The role of the periosteum on osteointegration of $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$(Geistlich, Wolhusen/Switzerland) was studied in rabbit calvarial defect. 12 New Zealand white male rabbits between 2.8 and 4 kg were included in this randomized, blinded, prospective study. Each rabbit was anesthetized with Ketamine HCl(5 mg/kg) and Xylazine HCl(1.5 ml/kg). An incision was made to the bony cranium and the periosteum was reflected. Using a 6-mm trephine bur(3i. USA), four 8-mm defects were created with copious irrigation. The defects were classified into barrier membrane($Tefgen^{(R)}$, Lifecore Biomedical. Inc, U.S.A.) only group as a control, $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ with barrier membrane group, $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ with periosteum covering group, and $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ without periosteum covering group. There were 2 rabbits in each group. The wound was closed with resorbable suture materials. Rabbits were sacrificed using phentobarbital(100 mg/kg) intravenously at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery. The samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and decalcified in hydrochloric acid decalcifying solution(Fisher Scientific, Tustin, CA) at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2-4 weeks. It was embedded in paraffin and cut into 6 ${\mu}m$ thickness. The sections were stained with H & E and observed by optical microscope. The results were as follows; 1. The periosteum played an important role in osteointegration of $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ in bone defects. 2. When the periosteum remained intact and $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ was placed on the defect, $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ with periosteum covering has been incorporated into the newly formed bone from 2-week postoperatively. 3. When the periosteum was removed at the surgical procedure, invasion of connective tissue took place among the granules, and new bone formation was delayed compared to periosteum covering group. Therefore, when the bone grafting was performed with periosteal incision procedure to achieve tension-free suture, the integrity of the overlying periosteum should be maintained to avoid fibrous tissue ingrowth.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2015

Background: Antiallergic effect of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT), an intestinal metabolite of ginseng saponins, was investigated in guinea pig lung mast cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells activated by a specific antigen/antibody reaction. Methods: Increasing concentrations of PPT were pretreated 5 min prior to antigen stimulation, and various inflammatory mediator releases and their relevant cellular signaling events were measured in those cells. Results: PPT dose-dependently reduced the release of histamine and leukotrienes in both types of mast cells. Especially, in activated bone marrow-derived mast cells, PPT inhibited the expression of Syk protein, cytokine mRNA, cyclooxygenase-1/2, and phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$), as well as the activities of various protein kinase C isoforms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, $PLA_2$, and transcription factors (nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ and activator protein-1). Conclusion: PPT reduces the release of inflammatory mediators via inhibiting multiple cellular signaling pathways comprising the $Ca^{2+}$ influx, protein kinase C, and $PLA_2$, which are propagated by Syk activation upon allergic stimulation of mast cells.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.590-596
• /
• 2018

To improve the injection behavior of brushite cement, dense ${\beta}-Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ (${\beta}-TCP$) granules were added to the starting material. The spherical ${\beta}-TCP$ granules prepared by spray-drying and subsequent sintering at $1000{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ accounted for fractions of from 0.5 to 0.7 of the total ${\beta}-TCP$. The injection behavior was evaluated by measuring the injected mass divided by the loaded mass of paste in the syringe pump. The injected amount was increased with the increase in the fraction and sintering temperature of ${\beta}-TCP$ granules, except at $1200^{\circ}C$. The increase in the fraction of ${\beta}-TCP$ and its sintering temperature resulted in a decrease in the plastic limit, which is the volume of water required to liquefy the compact. The rest water could be utilized in the cement with the reduced plastic limit for improved injectability. The amounts of rest water assigned for powdery phase were estimated, and correlated with the injectability of paste.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.1766-1772
• /
• 2008

Natto is a Japanese traditional soybean product fermented by Bacillus natto. The effect of natto supplement on the production and qualities of chicken meat was studied since the effective use of various waste foods is required in Japan. Dried natto prepared by heating at $60^{\circ}C$ was added to a basic diet at an amount of below 2%. The supplementation of dried natto did not influence the weights of the carcass, breast and thigh meat, fillet or abdominal fat. Growth of the thighbone such as the length, thickness of cortex bone, and Ca/P ratio in bone ash were not altered by the addition of natto. However, the pH of male meat decreased following the supplementation of dried natto from days 28 to 80. The water-soluble protein content in male thigh meat increased in the group fed 2% natto from days 28 to 80. Free peptides increased in male thigh meat by feeding 2% natto from days 0 to 80. The supplementation of natto increased free glutamic acid in thigh meat regardless of sex. Moreover, the supplementation of natto specifically decreased meat cholesterol in female chickens though the effect was not shown in male chickens.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.53.2-53.2
• /
• 2011

Ti metal has superior mechanical properties along with biocompatibility, but it still has the problem of bio-inertness thus forming weaker bond in bone/implant interface and long term clinical performance as orthopaedic and dental devices are restricted for stress shielding effect. On the other hand, despite the excellent biodegradable behavior as being an integral constituent of the natural bone, the mechanical properties of ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate $(Ca_3(PO_4)_2;\;{\beta}-TCP)$ ceramics are not reliable enough for post operative load bearing application in human hard tissue defect site. One reasonable approach would be to mediate the features of the two by making a composite. In this study, ${\beta}$-TCP/Ti ceramic-metal composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering in inert atmosphere to inhibit the formation of $TiO_2$. Composites of 30 vol%, 50 vol% and 70 vol% ${\beta}$-TCP with Ti were fabricated. Detailed microstructural and phase characteristics were investigated by FE-SEM, EDS and XRD. Material properties like relative density, hardness, compressive strength, elastic modulus etc. were characterized. Cell viability and biocompatibility were investigated using the MTT assay and by examining cell proliferation behavior.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.67-82
• /
• 2005

Objectives : This study was conducted to find out the effect of Yukmijiwhangtanggamibang (YM) on growth, learning and memory of rats. Methods : It was divided SD rats into Sham group, 192 Saporin injection(SA+Saline) group and Injection of 192 Saporin with YM(SA+YM) group. Growth measure length of bone and tail. Memory performance was used aquisition test and learning retention of morris water maze. It was detected acetylcholinesterase(AChE), cholineacetyltransferase(ChAT) at medial septum and hippocampus by immunohistochemistry Results : Body Weight of the SA+YM Group increased effectively, as compared with SA Saline group. Growth of bone in the SA+YM Group increased effectively, as compared with SA+Saline group. Growth of Tail in the SA+YM Group increased effectively, as compared with SA_Saline group. The SA+YM Group in Aquisition Test improved effectively, as compared with SA+Saline group. The SA+YM Group in Learning Test improved effectively, as compared with SA+Saline group. The numbers of ChAT cells in Medial septum increased effectively, as compared with SA+Saline group. The numbers of ChAT cells in CA1 of Hippocampus increased, but was not effective. Conclusion : These results suggest that YM has an improving effect on the impaired learning through the effects on memory registration and retrieval.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 1982

This study was carried out in order to clarify the combined effect of cadmium and lead on rat bones when exposed to single metal (1 mg cd/kg body weight) and cambined metals (1 mg cd + 4 mg pb/kg body weight). Seventy five mature rats of Sprague-Dawley species were divided into a control group and a treatment group that were administered by daily peritoneum injection for 7 to 9 weeds, and their body weights were measured every week. The results were summarized as follows 1. Body weight gains of the combined injection group and the single injection groups were lower than that of the control group. 2. In case of the combined injection group, the amount of cadmium accumulated in femur was more than that of the cadmium group. These amounts of cadmium accumulated showed an increasing trend. 3. The lead amount in bone tissue of the combined injection group presented also an increasing trend. In this case, the additive action of cadmium to the lead accumulation in bone tissue was conspicuous. 4. The amounts of calcium and phosphorus in femur showed clear a decreasing trend in the cadmium group and combined administration group. The ratio of calcium and phosphorus (ca/p) in the cadmium group was not different from that of the control group, but in the combined injection group the ratio was a little lower.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 1992

To determine the effect of dietary potassium and lysine levels on blood parameters, serum and bone composition, 360 male broiler chicks of 3 days of age were used in a completely randomized $3{\times}3$ factorial experiment for 6 weeks. Experimental diets contained three supplemented levels of dietary potassium (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2%) and three supplemented levels of dietary lysine (0.6, 1.2 and 2.4%). Dietary levels of potassium and lysine did not influence blood pH, $pCO_2$, $pO_2$, $HCO_3$ and total $CO_2$ and interaction between potassium and lysine was not shown (p > 0.05). Serum lysine and arginine contents were significantly different by the levels of dietary lysine (p < 0.05). Lysine-arginine antagonism was observed in high lysine diet. But increasing dietary potassium did not alleviated the lysine-arginine antagonism. Serum sodium, potassium and chloride were not affected by dietary potassium and lysine levels (p > 0.05). Femur weight, length and P contents were affected by the levels of dietary lysine (p < 0.01). But no difference was observed in femur ash and Ca contents (p > 0.05). Interaction between potassium and lysine was shown in ash and P contents (p < 0.01).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.97-115
• /
• 2008

Objective & Methods : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cistanches Herba herbal-acupuncture (CH-HA) at KI10 (Umgok) on osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in mice. The results were as follows; Results : CH-HA at KI10 significantly inhibited the overgrowth of tibia, the elevation of serum osteocalcin level, the reduction of tibial Ca and P level, the increase of tibial osteoclast like cells, the reduction of tibial TBV (trabecular bone volume), the overgrowth of tibial GPL (growth plate length) in ovariectomized mice. NP at KI10 significantly inhibited the reduction of BMD (bone mineral density) in ovariectomized mice, but CH-HA did not. Conclusion : Taken together, CH-HA at KI10 has a protective or therapeutic effect for osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice. Therefore, it is suggested that CH-HA may be an useful therapeutics in clinical filed after further researches.