• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.316-319
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• 2017

A new approach to improving the electrical characteristics and optical response of a polysilicon-based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector is proposed. To understand the cause of current restriction in the MSM photodetector, modified trap mechanisms are suggested, which include interfacial electron traps at the metal/polysilicon interface and silicon dangling bonds between silicon crystallite grains. Those traps were passivated using hydrogen ion implantation with subsequent post-annealing. Photodetectors that were ion-implanted under optima conditions exhibited improved photoconductivity and reduced dark current instability, implying that the hydrogen bonds in the polysilicon influence the simultaneous decreases in the density of dangling bonds at grain boundaries and the trapped positive charges at the contact interface.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1983

The mechanical and microstructural properties in high heat input welds of home-made SM 50 high strength steels were investigated and compared with the manual shielded metal arc welds. Also, the fracture toughnesses of the simulated weld-bonds with various thermal cycles were quantatively examined in order to provide the basic data for further development of the high strength steels for high input welding. Main results obtained are as follows. (1) The embrittlement degree and the coarse grained region in high heat input welds appear to be extraordinarily large compared with the manual shielded metal arc welds, while the difference in change of nicrohardness is not so large in both welds. (2) The embrittleness in high heat input weld-bonds is mainly affected by the size of coarse grain rather than the microstructure. (3) The fracture toughness in high heat input weld-bonds can be improved by controlling the cooling rate from 800.deg.C to 500.deg.C rapidly.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.169-179
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• 2014

Customer loyalty in on-line context could be determined not only by voluntary factors but also by involuntary factors. Even though customer doesn't satisfy with certain technology and service, customer loyalty could be fostered by involuntary factors such as network effect, bonds, and switching cost. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of customer loyalty on SNS in terms of voluntary and in voluntary factors. Based on prior studies on satisfaction and customer loyalty, usability and familiarity were identified as voluntary factors and network effect, bonds, and switching cost were identified as involuntary factors. Through the empirical study of 199 survey of SNS users, voluntary factors are found to be significantly related to the satisfaction and customer loyalty. Among involuntary factors, bonds are not found to be significantly related to customer loyalty.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1811-1815
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• 2002

We have calculated energies and structures for the hydrogen bonded clusters between trimethyl phosphate and nitric acids. The hydrogen bond lengths between phosphoryl oxygen and the proton of nitric acid are short compared to normal hydrogen bonds, and the H-bond strengths are fairly strong. The hydrogen bond length becomes longer, and the strength becomes weaker, as more nitric acids are bound to the TMP. The average H-bond strengths for the $TMP-(HNO_3)_n$ complexes with n = 1, 2, and 3, are 9.6, 7.9 and 6.4kcal/mol at 300K respectively. Weak hydrogen bonds between nitrate oxygen and methyl proton might contribute to the stability of the clusters. Not only the BSSE but also the fragment relaxation energies should be considered to calculate hydrogen bond strengths for the complexes accurately.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1037-1040
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• 2011

The dinuclear complex 1 with cooperative hydrogen bonds can be prepared by the metal-directed reaction of Eq. (2). This work shows that the coordinated hydroxyl group trans to the secondary amino group is deprotonated more readily than that trans to the tertiary amino group and acts as the hydrogen-bond accepter. The lattice water molecules in 1 act as bridges between the two mononuclear units through hydrogen bonds. The complex is quite stable as the dimeric form even in various polar solvents. The complex exhibits a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the metal ions in spite of relatively long Cu$\cdots$Cu distance. This strongly supports the suggestion that the antiferromagnetic behavior is closely related to the cooperative hydrogen bonds.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.267-299
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• 1996

The takeover boom of the 1980s was accompanied by a series of innovations in debt contracts, including the poison put that allows bonds to be redeemed in the event of a corporate control change. The poison put was included in a large majority of convertible debt offerings, shortly after the first issues with such provisions. We attempt to understand the factors that contributed to the widespread adoption of this innovation in convertible bonds and the consequences for shareholder wealth. Our, findings suggest that by reducing the potential for bondholder-shareholder conflicts and by conveying positive information about future takeover prospect'5, poison puts result in significant benefits to issuing firm shareholders, particularly if the firm is under takeover speculation. There are, however, no benefits when a firm has adopted anti-takeover measures prior to the offering. There is weaker evidence that existing bondholders do worse when poison puts are present.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2013

The chemical bonding and elastic properties of $Ti_2AC$ (A = Ga, Tl) have been investigated by means of extended H$\ddot{u}$ckel tight-binding band structure calculations. The bulk modulus of $Ti_2AC$ decreases as Ga is replaced with Tl at the A sites. This can be understood by considering the relative strength of Ti-A bonds resulting from the different atomic size of 3A-group elements. The analysis of the projected density of states (PDOS) and the crystal orbital overlap population (COOP) for the respective phases shows that Ti-Ga bonds in $Ti_2GaC$ are stronger than Ti-Tl bonds in $Ti_2TlC$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.246-251
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• 1990

Intermolecular interaction between barbiturates and membrane components such as phospholipid and cholesterol were investigated on $^1$H-NMR spectra and infrared spectra. According to previous reports, barbiturates interacted with phospholipid through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. We also investigated thi observation using dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as phospholipid in deuterochloroform, and characterized quantitatively. Also, the observed drug could interact with cholesterol which is one of the major components of biomembranes through hydrogen bonds. It was the carbonyl groups of barbiturate and the hydroxyl group of cholesterol that formed hydrogen bond complex. In addition to spectroscopic studies, we investigated the direct effect of phenobarbital on lipid multibilayer vesicles, whose compositions were varied, by calorimetric method. Phenobarbital caused a reduction in the temperature of phase transition of vesicles. These studies may provided a basis for interpreting the mode of action of barbiturates.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.265-273
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• 1982

The effect of ${\pi}$ bonds on the calculated dipole moments for square planar and tetrahedral [M(II)$O_2S_2$]] type complexes has been investigated by two different approaches. One is the approximate molecular orbital method based on the assumption that the mixing coefficient CM of the valence basis sets for the central metal ion and the appropriate ligand orbitals is equal for all ${\sigma}$ and ${\pi}$ bonding molecular orbitals. The other is the more refined calculation based on the semiempirical LCAO-MO method. If ${\sigma}$ bonds only are assumed to be formed, the calculated dipole moments for square planar and tetrahedral complexes are lower than those of the experimental values. If the contribution of ${\pi}$ bonds to the calculated dipole moments are fully considered, the calculated dipole moments for both square planar and tetrahedral [M(II)$O_2S_2$]] type complexes are higher than the experimental values. However if ${\pi}$ bonds are assumed to be delocalzed, the calculated dipole moments for tetrahedral [M(II$O_2S_2$]] type complexes fall in the range of the experimental values, but those for square planar complexes deviate from the experimental values. These results suggest that [M(II)$O_2S_2$]] type complexes may have the tetrahedral structure in inert solvent solution. This structure is in agreement with the experimental one. The calculated dipole moments for tetrahedral [M(II)$O_2S_2$]] type complexes indicate that the contribution of ${\pi}$ bonds to the calculated dipole moments may not be neglected.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.156-164
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• 2011

The world history of modern comics is not too long. So is the domestic history of modern comics. Besides, there is a tendency that the domestic history of comics has developed with introduction of foreign materials. Even though a few argue that the domestic history of modern comics had a sheer background with our tradition, this argument is considered as a kind of minority. Obviously, it is not easy to argue something with valid grounds in the field of comics history. It is needed to provide valid grounds of comics history from our history. Several symbols of comics were found in 'Three Bonds and the Morals in Human Relations' and 'The Sequel to Three Bonds and the Morals in Human Relations', Joseon. Particularly, comics frames were used to explain the contents in two books. This supports the fact that Korean comics history has its own base in the tradition. This study is on the analysis of 'comics frames' among symbols of comics in 'The Sequel to Three Bonds and the morals in Human Relations.' It is said that another objective of this study helps get a real idea of comics history of Joseon by studying the symbolic meaning of comics frames used in this period. On top of that, the result of the study that focuses on the symbolic meaning of comics frames in Joseon is expected to be used as a kind of comics history for the people who have a passion for comics.