• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.714-719
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• 1996

For the fabrication of the circuits, contact or terminal areas are usually coated with nickel and gold. Usually, diluted palladium solution is applied to initiate electroless nickel plating on the copper circuits. However, the trace amounts of palladium remains on the resin and it causes the extraneous deposition. We confirmed that selectivity was greatly improved by the treatment with the strong reducing agents such as SBH or DMAB. Bondability was greatly influenced by the contents of phosphorus in the deposited nickel. Stabilizers in the electroless gold plating were also influenced the bonding strength. The baths containing cupferron or potassium nickel cyanide as a stabilizer showed superior bondability. The gold deposits having strong orientation with Au(220) and Au(311) showed good bond ability.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(제116회) 및 13회 Workshop 제3회 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회 초록집
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• pp.559.2-559
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• 2001

Fanning et al.(1995) suggested that the incorporation of filler particles into a system's adhesive could increase the shear bond strength by improving the mechanical properties. In this study, shear bond strengths of experimental filled adhesives with varying filler levels were tested to determine the optimal filler level. The diametrile tensile strength and thickness of each experimental adhesive were also examined to evaluate if there is a relation between shear bond strength and mechanical properties of adhesive.(omitted)

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1999

Silicone oil has organic and inorganic properties, and its skeleton is polysiloxane bonding that silicon is bonded hydrogen or organic group. Silicone compounds are very smooth and lubricant properties by low surface tension, low temperature dependence, and nonadhesive properties. Because of these properties, silicone compounds are used as many parts of chemicals, softener, smooth and libricant agents, water-repellent agent, and defoaming agent, etc. Emulsion was prepared with the inversion emulsification method which adopted the agent-in-oil method dissolving the polyoxyethylene(7) tridecyl ether(HLB 12.2) into methoxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane and hydroxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane in water. At this time, processed emulsion was almost microemulsion. When ratio of emulsifier increases, emulsion is stable bacuause microemulsion is solubilized by emulsion drop size and zeta-potential are decreased. But, when amount of electrolyte is increase, emulsion became unstable because emulsion drop size is increased.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.226-235
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• 2023

Chikungunya fever has a high morbidity rate in humans and is caused by chikungunya virus. There are no treatments available until now for this particular viral disease. The present study was carried out by selecting 19 flavonoids, which are available naturally in fruits, vegetables, tea, red wine and medicinal plants. The molecular docking of selected 19 flavonoids was carried out against the Chikungunya virus capsid protein using the Autodock4.2 software. Binding affinity analysis based on the Intermolecular interactions such as Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions and drug-likeness properties for all the 19 flavonoids have been carried out and it is found that the top four molecules are Chrysin, Fisetin, Naringenin and Biochanin A as they fit to the chikungunya protein and have binding energy of -8.09, -8.01, -7.6, and 7.3 kcal/mol respectively. This result opens up the possibility of applying these compounds in the inhibition of chikungunya viral protein.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.75-76
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• 2020

In this study, in order to check whether the adhesion strength can be secured when installing concrete by mixing super-retarding agents, the splitting tensile strength of the joints of each mold was measured and then analyzed. The results of the experiment showed that the bonding performance of the joint is adversely affected if the installation delay is delayed for more than 24 hours, and that the attachment performance can be secured if the installation is delayed within about 24 hours.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.68-93
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• 1998

The physical properties of polymer are greatly influenced by the extent to which a resin cures. The presence of un reacted monomer can, have a plasticizing effect on the polymer, thereby altering the physical and mechanical properties of dentin bonding agent (DBA). If the DBA does not polymerize sufficiently, it will leave a weak bonding layer and lead to lower bond strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths(SBS) and the degree of conversion (DC) of 4 commercialy avilable dentin bonding systems which are composed of 2 multi-bottle systems [Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SMP), AeliteBond(AB)] and 2 onebottle systems [SingleBond(SB), One-Step(OS)]. For shear bond strength measurement, labial surfaces of freshly extracted bovine incisors were ground with # 600 grit SiC paper to expose dentin. Four different groups of samples were formed, with 10 samples. being made for each of the 4 commercial DBA in each group according to the curing sequences of DBA and overlayer thickness of composites: Group I (standard cure and 1mm thick composites) : The DBA was light cured and the composites of 1mm thickness was applied ; Group II (standard cure and 2mm thick composites) : The DBA was light cured and the composites of 2mm thickness was applied; Group III (simultaneous cure and 1mm thick composites) : The DBA was not light-cured and simultaneously cured with composites of 1mm thickness; Group N (simultaneous cure and 2mm thick composites) : The DBA was. not light-cured and simultaneously cured with composites of 2mm thickness. The SBS was measured immediately after the composites was bonded to the bovine dentin using an Instron machine. The DC of the DBA was examined in a thin film under simulated conditions of the experimental groups according to the curing sequences and overlayer thickness of composites in the SBS test. using a Fourier transform Infrared(FTIR) spectrometer. The following results were obtained from SBS tests and DC measurements 1. In SBS tests, the multi-bottle DBA(SMP, AB) had a generally higher bond strength values than the one bottle DBA(SB, OS). In DC measurements, the one bottle DBA(SB, OS) had a significantly higher DC than the multi-bottle DBA(SMP, AB). 2. In all DBAs except OS, there was no significant difference between the bond strength of group I (standard cure and 1mm thick composites) and that of group III (simultaneous cure and 1mm thick composites). SMP, SB in Group I had a significantly higher DC than those in group III, but AB, OS in group I had a significantly lower DC than those in group III 3. All DBAs in Goup II (standard cure and 2mm thick composites) had significantly higher bond strength and DC than those in Group N (simultaneous cure and 2mm thick composites). 4. In all DBAs, there was no significantly different SBS and DC between Group I and Group II, but all DBAs in Group III had significantly higher SBS and DC than those in Group IV.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구에서는 치과용 CAD-CAM (computer aided design-computer aided manufacturing) hybrid 수복재료인 LAVA Ultimate와 VITA ENAMIC을 광중합 복합레진을 사용하여 수리할 때 표면처리방법(grinding, air abrasion with aluminum oxide, HF acid)과 접착재료(Adper Single Bond 2, Single Bond Universal)의 종류가 두 재료 사이의 전단결합강도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: LAVA Ultimate와 VITA ENAMIC 시편을 30일간 $37^{\circ}C$의 인공타액(Xerova solution)에 보관하여 시효처리를 실시한 후 각각 SiC paper grinding한 것, grinding 후 air abrasion처리를 추가한 것, grinding 후 HF 처리한 것으로 분류하고 각각 no bonding, Adper Single Bond 2, 또는, Single Bond Universal 도포로 세분하여 9개의 group, 총 18개의 subgroup으로 나누어 실험을 실시하였다(N=10). HF 처리group에서는 도재시편을 대조군으로 추가하였다(N=10). 표면 처리 후 광중합 복합레진(Filtek Z250)을 각각의 시편에 부착하고 이를 1주일간 실온의 물에 침적시켰고 이후 전단결합강도를 측정하고 파절양상 및 표면처리 효과를 SEM으로 확인하였다. One-way ANOVA를 이용하여 group 간의 유의성을 분석하였고 사후 분석으로 Scheffe test를 실시하였다(${\alpha}=.05$). 결과: 실험 결과 접착재료 처리를 한 group들이 접착재료 처리를 하지 않은 group에 비해 모든 표면처리에서 더 높은 전단결합력을 나타내었으며, 표면처리만 시행한 group에서는 aluminum oxide air abrasion이 전단결합력의 증가에 약간의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 통계적 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 결론: LAVA Ultimate와 VITA ENAMIC의 두 재료를 광중합 복합레진을 이용하여 수리를 실시할 경우 각각의 재료에 적합한 표면처리방법과 접착재료의 선택에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 특히 LAVA Ultimate의 경우 접착재료의 사용은 추천된다고 사료되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 유동성 복합레진을 치면열구전색제로 사용할 수 있는지 여부를 평가하는 것이다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진(Filtek Flow, Tetric Flow, Charmfil Flow)과 한 종류의 filled sealant(Ultraseal XT plus)가 사용되었다 주사전자 현미경을 이용하여 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진 및 filled sealant의 resin tag형성 양상을 비교하였다. 미세누출 평가를 위해 발거된 사람의 소구치 54개를 각각 18개씩 무작위로 세 군으로 배분하였다. 각 군마다 통상의 filled sealant와 한 가지씩의 유동성 복합레진을 교합면 열구에 도포하였다. 치아들을 thermocycling($5^{\circ}{\pm}2^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 30초씩 1200회 시행) 후 48시간 동안 1% methylene blue 용액에 보관하였다. 각각의 치아를 절단하여 미세누출 정도를 관찰하였다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진 및 filled sealant는 유사한 resin tag 형성양상을 보였다 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진은 각각 filled sealant보다 현저히 더 많은 미세누출을 보였다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진 간의 미세누출 정도는 유사하였다. 유동성 복합레진은 통상의 filled sealant와 비교해볼 때 보다 많은 미세누출을 야기할 수 있으므로 치면열구전색제로 적절하지 않다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.680-687
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare post cementation efficacy according to the different adhesive systems and cement delivery methods. A total of 40 extracted human single-rooted premolar teeth were randomly divided in four groups according to the two luting agents of Unicem applicap (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) or Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) and cement delivery methods of direct cement application or lentulo spiral application. After restoration using glass?fiber posts, the samples were embedded in acrylic resin. Three sections of 2 mm thickness were prepared from each specimen, and the post in each section was subjected to a push-out test. The data were analysed statistically at significant level of 95%. The Unicem had significantly higher push-out bond strength than Variolink and the lentulo spiral application made higher bond strength (p<0.05). Adhesive failure between cement and dentin was predominant in all groups. The Unicem of self-etch system and cement delivery using lentulo spiral showed clinically acceptable and comparable bonding strength for the fiber post.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.136-149
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• 1996

The effects of various All-Etching Agents (10% phosphoric acid, 10% maleic acid and 10 % citric acid) and 32 % phosphoric acid and varied etching time were evaluated by observing the morphology of the etched enamel surfaces using Scanning electron microscopy and by measuring the shear bond strength of a composite resin to human enamel. A total of 156 extracted premolar and molar teeth free of irregularities were employed in this study. Specimens for the observation of enamel morphology were divided into 12 groups of 3 teeth each, based on the type of etchant used and application time. After exposure to the etching agent specimens were washed air-dried and then glued to aluminum stubs and coated with a layer of gold for examination in the scanning electron microscope. Specimens for the evaluation of bond strength were divided into 12 groups of 10 teeth each also based on the type of etchant used and application time. After exposure to the etching agent the specimens were washed, air-dried and a thin layer of bonding agent was applied using a brush. Z 100 composite resin was light cured to the surface and stored at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity for 7 days. An Instron Universal Testing Machine was used to apply a shearing force at $90^{\circ}$ angle from the enamel surface. It is concluded from this study that commercial All-etching agents can be used with a 15-second etching without adversely affecting retention of dental resin materials. At the same time, the acid concentration is probably a suitable compromise regarding the acid's function as a dentin demineralizing all-etch conditioning agent. The following results were obtained. 1. Specimens etched with 10 % citric acid showed a random superficial etching pattern which could not be related to prism morphology. 2. Specimens etched with 10 % and 32 % phosphoric acid and 10 % maleic acid showed a type I pattern in which core material was preferentially removed leaving the prism peripheries relatively intact or a type II pattern in which prism peripheries were preferentially removed. This delineation became more distinguished as etching time was increased. 3. All-Etching Agents and 32 % phosphoric acid showed a statistically significant higher shear bond strength at 15 seconds etching time.(p<0.05) 4. 10 % maleic acid and 32 % phosphoric acid exhibited a statistically significant higher shear bond strength than 10 % phosphoric and citric acid at 15 seconds etching time.(p<0.05).