• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.129-129
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• 2016

Graphene, as a single layer of $sp^2$-bonded carbon atoms packed into a 2D honeycomb crystal lattice, has attracted much attention due to its outstanding properties. In order to synthesize high quality graphene, transition metals, such as nickel and copper, have been widely employed as catalysts, which needs transfer to desired substrates for various applications. However, the transfer steps are not only complicated but also inevitably induce defects, impurities, wrinkles, and cracks of graphene. Furthermore, the direct synthesis of graphene on dielectric surfaces has still been a premature field for practical applications. Therefore, cost effective and concise methods for transfer-free graphene are essentially required for commercialization. Here, we report a facile transfer-free graphene synthesis method through nickel and carbon co-deposited layer. In order to fabricate 100 nm thick NiC layer on the top of $SiO_2/Si$ substrates, DC reactive magnetron sputtering was performed at a gas pressure of 2 mTorr with various Ar : $CH_4$ gas flow ratio and the 200 W DC input power was applied to a Ni target at room temperature. Then, the sample was annealed under 200 sccm Ar flow and pressure of 1 Torr at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 4 min employing a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) equipment. During the RTA process, the carbon atoms diffused through the NiC layer and deposited on both sides of the NiC layer to form graphene upon cooling. The remained NiC layer was removed by using a 0.5 M $FeCl_3$ aqueous solution, and graphene was then directly obtained on $SiO_2/Si$ without any transfer process. In order to confirm the quality of resulted graphene layer, Raman spectroscopy was implemented. Raman mapping revealed that the resulted graphene was at high quality with low degree of $sp^3$-type structural defects. Additionally, sheet resistance and transmittance of the produced graphene were analyzed by a four-point probe method and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively. This facile non-transfer process would consequently facilitate the future graphene research and industrial applications.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.26-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to confirm the formation of hybrid layer and resin tags in dentin tissue and the possibility of bonding between luting cements used for the prosthesis and the resinous surface coated with resin bonding agents to prevent the dentin hypersensitivity after abutment preparation. Some resin bonding agents, which may have the possibility of bonding with polyacrylic acid as a liquid ingredient of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements, were selected. All-Blond desensitizer containing NTG-GMA and BPDM, Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA, and XR-bond containing organophosphate were selected as a coating agent. Dental cements were zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and glass ionomer cement. After the exposed dentin surface of premolars was ethced with 10% phosphoric acid and coated with resin bonding agents, the morphology of treated surfaces and the resin tags and hybrid layers on sectioned surfaces were observed by SEM. Shear bond strength between the resin bonding agents and 3 kinds of cements was measured 24 hours after bonding. On the debonded surfaces of the shear bond strength tested specimens, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resin materials and cements were examined by SEM. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. Coating of dentin with resin bonding agents had no effect on the shear bond strength of zinc phosphate cement. 2. Both of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements showed the increased shear bond strength by the dentinal coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA. However, in the case of dentinal coating with some agents containing NTG-GMA and BPDM or organophosphate, polycarboxylate cement exhibited the lowered shear bond strength, and glass ionomer cement showed the unchanged shear bond strength. 3. Complete obstructions of dentinal tubules were observed on the dentin coated with All-Bond desensitizer or XR-bond, but distinct shape of the orifices of dentinal tubules was observed consistently on the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus. 4. The hybrid layer was thickest on the dentin coated with All-Bond desensitizer, and the length of resin tags was longest on the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus. 3. On the debonded specimens which had been bonded with polycarboxylate cement or glass ionomer cement after coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resinous surface and the cements could be examined.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.704-723
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to evaluate the tensile bond strength of In-Ceram alumina core treat-ed by ion assisted reaction(IAR). Ion assisted reaction is a prospective surface modification technique without damage by a keV low energy ion beam irradiation in reactive gas environments or reactive ion itself. 120 In-Ceram specimens were fabricated according to manufacturer's directions and divided into six groups by surface treatment methods of In-Ceram alumina core. SD group(control group): sandblasting SL group: sandblasting + silane treatment SC group: sandblasting + Siloc treatment IAR I group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with argon ion and oxygen gas IAR II group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with oxygen ion and oxygen gas IAR III group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with oxygen ion only For measuring of tensile bond strength, pairs of specimens within a group were bonded with Panavia 21 resin cement using special device secured that the film thickness was $80{\mu}m$. The results of tensile strength were statistically analyzed with the SPSS release version 8.0 programs. Physical change like surface roughness of In-Ceram alumina core treated by ion assistad reaction was evaluated by Contact Angle Measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy; chemical surface change was evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The results as follows: 1. In tensile bond strength, there were no statistically significant differences with SC group, IAR groups and SL group except control group(P<0.05). 2. Contact angle measurement showed that wettability of In-Ceram alumina core was enhanced after IAR treatment. 3. SEM and AFM showed that surface roughness of In-Ceram alumina core was not changed after IAR treatment. 4. XPS showed that IAR treatment of In-Ceram alumina core was enabled to create a new functional layer. A keV IAR treatment of In-Ceram alumina core could enhanced tensile bond strength with resin cement. In the future, this ion assisted reaction may be used effectively in various dental materials as well as in In-Ceram to promote the bond strength to natural tooth structure.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

연구 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 표면처리방법이 지르코니아와 네 종류의 시멘트의 전단결합 강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 총 120개의 디스크 모양의 산화 지르코늄 (3Y-TZP, Kyoritsu, Tokyo, Japan) 시편을 다음과 같이 표면처리 하였다: (1) $110\;{\mu}m$ 산화 알루미나 분사처리 (2) Silica coating ($Rocatec^{TM}$ 3M ESPE)를 이용한 표면처리 (3) 처리하지 않음. 각각의 표면 처리 후, 2종의 자가 접착형 시멘트 (RelyX Unicem, Maxcem)와 레진 강화 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트 (RelyX Luting), Bis-GMA 레진 시멘트 (Nexus3)를 시편에 부착하였으며 각 군은 UTM을 이용하여 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 표면처리, 시멘트의 종류에 따른 결합강도의 차이를 살펴보기 위하여 일원변량분석 (One-way ANOVA)과 이원변량분석 (two-way ANOVA)을 이용하고 사후 분석으로 Tukey HSD test를 실시하였다. 결과: 로카텍 처리 후, RelyX Unicem을 부착한 군이 가장 높은 결합 강도를 보였으며 (P<.05) 알루미나 분사처리를 한 군과 로카텍 처리를 한 군은 아무런 처리를 하지 않은 군보다 유의하게 높은 결합 강도를 보였다 (P<.05). 또한 모든 표면상태에서 RelyX Luting은 다른 군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 가장 낮은 결합강도를 보였다 (P<.05). 결론: 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 RelyX Unicem은 지르코니아와 강한 결합력을 보였으며 로카텍 처리는 결합을 증진시키는데 효과적이었다.

• Composites Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1999

탄소직포/탄소/SiC 복합재는 탄소직포/탄소 프로폼을 SiC의 유기전구체인 polycarbosilane에 다중함침 열처리하여 제조하였다. 더불어 탄소 섬유의 분율과 배열 형태가 다른 두 가지 종류의 저밀도 탄소/탄소 복합재 즉, 탄소직포($\thickapprox$55 vol%)/탄소 복합재와 chopped 탄소섬유($\thickapprox$40 vol%)/탄소 복합재를 $1700^{\circ}C$ 진공 분위기에서 용융 실리콘과 반응결합하여 고밀도의 탄소섬유/Si/SiC 복합재도 제조하였다. 이 반응 결합 공정 이전 각 밀도가 1.6g/$cm^3$인 탄소직포/탄소 복합재와 1.15g/$cm^3$인 chopped 탄소섬유/탄소 복합재는 반응결합 후 그 밀도가 각각 2.1g/$cm^3$로 증가하였다. 제조한 복합재는 전형적인 섬유강화 복합재의 파괴거동을 보였으며 반응결합 후 밀도와 stiffness 그리고 탄성 한계 강도 등은 모두 현저히 증가하였다. 3점 곡강도와 인장 시험으로 기계적 물성을 비교평가하였다. 탄소직포/탄소 복합재와 chopped 탄소섬유/탄소 복합재의 곡강도에 대한 인장 강도의 비는 약 1/3이었다. 탄소직포/Si/SiC 복합재의 밀도는 2.06g/$cm^3$, 최대 곡강도는 ~120 MPa, 탄성한계 응력은 ~80 MPa를 나타내었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.150-159
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• 2002

광대역 소음저감을 위한 압전지능패널에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 압전지능패널은 기본적으로 압전재료를 부착한 평판구조물에 션트회로를 연결하고 흡음재들을 부가한 구조물이다. 압전감쇠와 수동적 특성을 혼용하여 중 주파수영역에서 흡음재의 수동적 특성을 이용하고 저주파수 영역의 공진주파수에서는 압전감쇠를 적용하여 소음저감시키는 개념이다. 저주파수 공진에서의 소음저감을 위하여 측정한 전기적 임피던스 모델을 이용하는 압전감쇠를 적용하였다. 압전감쇠를 위한 공진 션트회로는 직렬로 연결된 저항과 인덕터로 구성되었으며, 저항과 인덕터는 회로에서 소산되는 에너지가 최대가 될 수 있는 값으로 최적설계하였다. 압전지능패널의 전달소음저감 성능은 음향터널을 사용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 음향터널은 사각단면 형태이며 소음원으로 터널의 한 쪽 끝에 스피커가 설치되었다. 패널들을 터널의 중앙에 설치하여 투과 음압을 측정하였다. 흡음재와 공기층을 갖는 압전이중지능패널은 수동적 특성에 의해 저주파수 영역의 공진주파수를 제외한 중주파수 영역에서 뚜렷한 소음저감 효과를 나타내었다. 압전감쇠를 통하여, 공진주파수에서의 좋은 소음저감을 얻었다. 압전감쇠와 수동적 방법을 혼용하는 압전지능 패널은 넓은 주파수 영역에서의 소음저감을 위한 유망한 기술이다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2003

Fe($NO_3$)$_3$ㆍ$9H_2$O, Zn($NO_3$)$_2$ㆍ$6H_2$O, Ni($NO_3$3)$_2$ㆍ $6H_2$O, Cu($NO_3$)$_2$ㆍ $3H_2$O와 같은 질산 금속염들을 $150^{\circ}C$로 24시간 동안 열분해하여 최초 NiCuZn ferrite 분체를 얻었으며, 이 분체 시료를 $500^{\circ}C$로 가소한 후 각각 볼밀 분쇄를 행하고 $700∼1000^{\circ}C$까지 각각 1시간씩 소결을 행하여 이에 대한 자기적 특성을 조사하였다. 일반 세라믹스 공정 보다 질산금속염들의 $ 200^{\circ}C$이하의 저 융점인 것을 이용하여 이들 출발 시료를 $150^{\circ}C$의 저온에서 액상의 화학결합이 가능하게 입자간의 거리를 분자적 거리로 좁힐 수 있었으며, 이로 인해 소결반응 점을 최소한 200∼ $300^{\circ}C$ 이상 낮출 수 있었다. 또한 이들의 초투자율은 50∼490, 포화자속밀도 및 보자력은 각각 2,400G와 0.3∼1.2 Oe정도로 보통의 ferrite 소결체의 특성과 유사하게 나타났다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.605-611
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• 1995

이 연구는 시간 경과에 따라 폴리아크릴산 용액으로 표면 조건화된 법랑질에 대한 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓 전단결합강도를 인산용액으로 부식된 법랑질에 대한 치과 교정용 레진 접착제의 그것과 비교하여 브라켓을 접착할 때 상용되어 온 치과교정용 레진 접착제를 광중합형 글래스아이오노며 시멘트로 대체할 수 있는지의 여부를 구명하기 위하여 시행되었다. 발거된 사람 소구치의 법랑질 표면을 각각 10% 폴리 아크릴산용액과 38% 인산용액으로 처리한 후, 각각 시판되고 있는 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 일종(Fuji II LC)과 화학중합형 치과교정용레진접착제의 일종(Mono-Lok 2)으로 법랑질 표면에 금속브라켓을 접착하고, 시편을 실온에서 5분, 15분 방치한 후, $37^{\circ}C$의 증류수 속에 1일, 35일 동안 침지시킨 후, 브라켓 전단결합강도를 측정하고, 접착파절 패턴을 관찰하였다. 브라켓 접착5분과 15분 후의 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓 전단결합강도는 치과교정용 레진 접착제의 그것보다 유의성 있게 높았다. 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트와 치과 교정용 레진 접착제의 브라켓 전단결합강도는 브라켓 접착 1일 까지 증가하였으나 1일군과 35일군의 그것 사이에 통계적 유의차가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트가 브라켓 접착제로서 임상적인 유의성이 있음을 시사한다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

PURPOSE. This study was performed to evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) between three dual-cured resin cements and silica coated zirconia, before and after thermocycling treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixty specimens were cut in $15{\times}2.75mm$ discs using zirconia. After air blasting of $50{\mu}m$ alumina, samples were prepared by tribochemical silica coating with $Rocatec^{TM}$ plus. The specimens were divided into three groups according to the dual-cure resin cement used: (1) Calibra silane+$Calibra^{(R)}$, (2) Monobond S+$Multilink^{(R)}$ N and (3) ESPN sil+$RelyX^{TM}$ Unicem Clicker. After the resin cement was bonded to the zirconia using a Teflon mold, photopolymerization was carried out. Only 10 specimens in each group were thermocycled 6,000 times. Depending on thermocycling treatment, each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10) and SBS was measured by applying force at the speed of 1 mm/min using a universal testing machine. To find out the differences in SBS according to the types of cements and thermocycling using the SPSS, two-way ANOVA was conducted and post-hoc analysis was performed by Turkey's test. RESULTS. In non-thermal aged groups, SBS of Multilink group (M1) was higher than that of Calibra (C1) and Unicem (U1) group (P<.05). Moreover, even after thermocycling treatment, SBS of Multilink group (M2) was higher than the other groups (C2 and U2). All three cements showed lower SBS after the thermocycling than before the treatments. But Multilink and Unicem had a significant difference (P<.05). CONCLUSION. In this experiment, Multilink showed the highest SBS before and after thermocycling. Also, bond strengths of all three cements decreased after thermocycling.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.620-639
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• 1999

Indirect composite resins are used as an popular effective esthetic material in prosthetic dentistry, often with metallic substructure that provides support for restorations. Recently, new indirect composite resins as a substitute of ceramic have been developed. These resins provide good esthetics, with a wide range of hue and chroma. And the flexural strength of those is in the range of 120-150MPa, Which is higher than that of feldspathic Ceramic, and similar th that of Dicor. Although it has many merits, one of the major clinical problems of composite resins is the bond failure between metal and resin due to insufficient interfacial bond strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of the reinforced indirect composite resin to dental alloys. Three different composite resin systems($Artglass^{(R)},\;Sculpture^{(R)},\;Targis^{(R)}$) as test groups and ceramic($VMK\;68^{(R)}$) as control group were bonded to Ni-Cr-Be alloy($Rexillium\;III^{(R)}$) and gold alloy(Deva 4). All specimens were stored at $^37{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours and the half of specimens were thermocycled 2000 times at temperature from $5^{\circ}C\;to\;60^{\circ}C$. The shear bond strengths of reinforced indirect composite resins to dental alloys were measured by using the universal testing machine, and modes of debonding were observed by stereoscope and scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1 The shear bond strengths of reinforced indirect composite resins to dental alloys were approximately half those of ceramic to dental alloys(P<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference between the shear bond strength of several reinforced indirect composite resins to metal. 3. Alloy type did not affect on the shear bond strengths of resin to metal, but the shear bond strengths of ceramic to gold alloys were higher than those of ceramic to Ni-Cr alloys(P<0.05). 4. The shear bond strengths of Artglass and Targil to gold alloys were significantly decreased after thermocycling treatment(P<0.01). 5. Sculpture showed cohesive, adhesive, and mixed failure modes, but Artglass and Targis showed adhesive or mixed failures. And ceramic showed cohesive and mixed failures.