• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2016

Recently damage of structures and loss of life by terrorism are internationally increasing. Among these terror that have a possibility to can happen in korea and that can caused lot of human life loss is the vehicle terror. To prevent the vehicle terror, the anti-ram barriers are needed. But domestic standard about anti-ram barriers are not clear. So, in this study, we will utilize and analyze the vehicle impact to evaluate the efficiency of the domestic bollard and suggest the installation standard of those. In Korea, granite, elastic, steel and stainless bollard are used. The performance of those bollard is not available. Elastic bollard couldn't stop the vehicle, and the others just could stop the vehicle only at the speed under 10kph. Therefore, set the variable to reinforce, and evaluate the defence efficiency of bollard. As a result, granite and elastic bollard was not suitable for the anti-ram barriers. Performance of steel bollard increased as thickness grew. So steel bollard should must be thicker than 10T. And the concrete compressive strength effected insignificantly on the defence efficiency, so more than 24MPa compressive concrete be used. Performance of stainless bollard increased as thickness grew. So stainless bollard should must be thicker than 13T.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 어린이보호구역에서 교통안전의 증진을 위하여 상류부에 접근하는 차량의 감속과 어린이보호구역 내에 위치한 횡단보도에서 발생하는 차대사람 간의 교통사고를 최소화하기 위하여 물리적인 보차분리가 가능한 구동식 bollard, 즉 smart bollard를 제안하고 설치와 운영에 요구되는 조건들을 교통공학적인 측면에서 이해하고 그 제원을 제시하였다. 미시적 시뮬레이션 모델을 통해 제안된 smart bollard를 평가해본 결과, 설치 전과 비교하여 구간 평균통행속도와 통과교통량의 감소효과를 보여 어린이보호구역 교통안전의 증진에 효과가 있음을 보였다. 또한 구간 평균통행속도와 통과교통량을 효과적으로 줄여줄 수 있는 가장 결정적인 파라미터는 smart bollard 사전 경보등의 설치에 관여하는 황색신호시간의 길이와 smart bollard의 구동시간으로서 각각 5~6초와 2~3초가 적합한 값으로 판명되었다.

• 한국기계기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2011

This study is about the development of remote controlled bollard using the BLDC motor and ball screw with mechatronics theory. A bollard is composed of the sensor part and the control part. The sensor part is consisted of sensors that detect the locations of a bollard. The role of the control part is adjusting motor speed and power through variable resistance. In order to confirm required performance, the speed of decent and ascent of the bollard, the time and the RPM of BLDC motor were tested according to the variable resistance and the applied load with 10 to $72kg_f$.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

Bollard installed on the street is a facility that protects pedestrians by restraining cars from entering on the sidewalk. It is basically classified into manual, semiautomatic, automatic type and mostly manual type is widely used because the automatic type is imported and much expensive. However, in case of manual handling type in practice, it is very troublesome and difficult to remove it whenever cars are permitted, and in case of automatic type, since underbody of a bollard is very long, it is difficult to dig a deep hole in the ground because a pipe, a hose or a cable is under the surface. In order to reduce these difficulties, this paper proposed new design of the multistage bollard that moves up and down automatically by using hydraulic system. This is developed by 6 step creativity of TRIZ inventive problem solving and structural analysis. The developed bollard can be installed in shallow hole and allow entry of vehicles through up-and-down movement without its removal manually. Finally, we could see smoothly motion through the manufactured bollard.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2011년도 추계학술논문집 2부
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• pp.385-388
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• 2011

This study is about development of remote controlled bollard using the BLDC motor mechatronics theory. A bollard is composed of the sensor part and the control part. The sensor part is consisted of sensors that detect the locations of a bollard. The role of the control part are adjusting motor speed and power through variable resistance. In order to confirm required performance, The speed of decent and ascent of the bollard, the time and the RPM of BLDC motor were tested according to the variable resistance and the load.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2015

This study deals with optimal conditions for design parameters of the multistage bollard with up and down installed on the street to protect pedestrians or stop cars. FE simulation and Taguchi method are used to achieve the optimization for the automatic multistage bollard to minimize effective stress caused by the external force. Thickness, height of stage 2, diameter and over-all height which affect its structural strength are chosen as design parameters. According to the experiments combined by orthogonal array, each of the effective stresses is evaluated. And the results are analyzed by using the signal to noise ratio concept of Taguchi method. From their results, the optimal combination of design parameters are proposed.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2021

In this paper, a numerical analysis technique using a body force model is investigated to estimate the available net thrust of multi-pod-driven ice-breaking vessels under bollard pull and overload conditions. To employ the body force model in present flow simulations, drag and thrust components acting on the pod unit are calculated by using Propeller Open Water (POW) test data. The available net thrusts according to the direction of operation are evaluated in both bollard pull and overload conditions under deep water. The simulation results are compared with the model test data. The available net thrusts, calculated by the present analysis for ahead operating modes at 3~6 knots which are typical speeds of the target vessel in arctic field, are agreed well with the model test results. It is also found that the present result for astern operating mode appears approximately 6 % larger than the model test result. In addition, the available net thrusts are calculated under the both operating conditions accompanied by shallow water effects, and the main cause of the difference is studied. Based on the result of the present study, it is confirmed that the body force model can be applied to the performance evaluation of multi-pod propulsion system and the main engine selection in early design stage of the vessel.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2014

This paper examines the suitability of using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, ANSYS-CFX, as an initial analysis tool for predicting the drag and propulsion performance (thrust and torque) of a concept underwater vehicle design. In order to select an appropriate thruster that will achieve the required speed of the Underwater Disk Robot (UDR), the ANSYS-CFX tools were used to predict the drag force of the UDR. Vertical Planar Motion Mechanism (VPMM) test simulations (i.e. pure heaving and pure pitching motion) by CFD motion analysis were carried out with the CFD software. The CFD results reveal the distribution of hydrodynamic values (velocity, pressure, etc.) of the UDR for these motion studies. Finally, CFD bollard pull test simulations were performed and compared with the experimental bollard pull test results conducted in a model basin. The experimental results confirm the suitability of using the ANSYS-CFX tools for predicting the behavior of concept vehicles early on in their design process.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.264-272
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• 2011

도크 내 공정을 마치고 진수된 선박은 안벽에 계류된 상태로 주기관 등의 시험 검사를 수행하게 된다. 주기관 시험을 수행할 경우 선박은 안벽에 고정된 상태에서 수면 위로 날개가 노출된 프로펠러를 회전시켜야 하므로, 이때 발생하는 추력과 토오크를 예상하여 안전상 문제가 없도록 시험 조건 선정 및 설치를 수행하여야 한다. 날개가 수면위로 노출된 프로펠러는 회전수 및 축 잠김 깊이에 따라 수면 노출 및 공기 유입 등의 영향으로 추력 및 토오크 감소율이 변화하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 당사 실적 선박 프로펠러에 대해 모형 시험과 수치 해석을 통하여 회전수 및 축 잠김 깊이에 따른 추력 및 토오크 변화 특성을 파악하고 이를 바탕으로 부분 침수 프로펠러의 bollard pull 조건에 대한 추정식을 도출하였다. 도출된 추정식을 실선 계측 결과와 비교하여 정도 높은 추정 결과를 제공하고 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.950-957
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• 2023

선박이 부두에 안전하게 계류 및 예인하기 위해서는 관련 국제규정에 부합하는 설계를 해야 한다. 그러나 현재까지도 일부 소형 조선소 및 설계 회사에서는 그 내용을 정확히 숙지하지 못하고 있는 경우가 많다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 예인 및 계류설비에 관한 국제규정을 살펴보고, 최신 발효된 MEG4(Mooring equipment guideline 4) 기준에 만족하는 대표적인 계류 의장품인 볼라드(Bollard)와 쵸크(Chock)를 개발하고자 한다. 볼라드는 계류 밧줄을 선체에 고박하기 위한 의장품이며, 일반적으로 2개의 기둥으로, 대부분은 8자 매듭 형태로 사용하고 있다. 쵸크는 선외에서 선내로 들어오는 계류 밧줄의 방향을 전환하고, 밧줄의 손상을 방지하기 위하여 곡률을 갖는 주물방식으로 제작한다. 이 두 가지 계류 의장품은 선박의 선수와 선미, 중앙부 측면에서 많이 사용되고 있다. 최근 컨테이너선 및 LNG 운반선의 크기 증가로 인하여, 계류 밧줄 하중이 증가하고 있으며, 계류 의장품도 안전사용하중(Safe working load)이 변경되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 유한요소해석 모델링을 통한 허용응력 평가법 결과를 정리하고, 분석하였다. 추가적으로 비선형 붕괴 거동 평가를 통하여, 안전사용하중 결정에 대한 검증을 수행하였고, 탄성영역 내 설계가 되었음을 확인하였다. 연구에서 제안하는 평가법 및 기준, 그리고 해석절차는 향후 유사 의장품 개발 시 참조가 가능하다.