• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 II
• /
• pp.719-722
• /
• 2003

This work investigates the device degradation p-channel PD SOI devices at various applied voltages as well as stress temperatures with respect to Body-Contact SOI (BC-SOI) and Floating-Body SOI (FB-SOI) MOSFETs. It is observed that the drain current degradation at the gate voltage of the maximum gate current is more significant in FB-SOI devices than in BC-SOI devices. For a stress at the gate voltage of the maximum gate current and elevated temperature, it is worth noting that the $V_{PT}$ Will be decreased by the amount of the HEIP plus the temperature effects. For a stress at $V_{GS}$ = $V_{DS}$ . the drain current decreases moderately with stress time at room temperature but it decreases significantly at the elevated temperature due to the negative bias temperature instability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 1994

Five adult sheep were exposed to intermittent cold for 12 h (18:00-06:00) at an air temperature of $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ followed by 12 h (06:00-18:00) at $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ over a period of 8 days continuously. Carotid artery blood (Tc), mean skin (Ts) and mean body (Tb = 0.86 Tc + 0.14 Ts) temperatures, heat production rate (HP), respiratory evaporative heat loss, respiration rate (RR) and volume were measured before and after exposure. Tc during the 12 h cold period of intermittent cold exposure was similar to that during the corresponding period in the warm environment, while Tc in the $25^{\circ}C$ of intermittent cold was higher (p < 0.05) than that in the corresponding period in the warm environment. Ts during the cold period markedly decreased (p < 0.001) by about $9^{\circ}C$ when compared with that in the corresponding time period in the warm environment, while Ts during the $25^{\circ}C$ period of intermittent cold recovered to a similar level to that in the warm environment. Tb was lower (p < 0.001) during the cold period of intermittent cold, whereas a slight increase in Tb during the $25^{\circ}C$ period of intermittent cold was significant (p < 0.05) when compared with the value during the similar period in the warm environment. HP was greatly increased (p < 0.001) by cold exposure, followed by an immediate decrease during the first one hour of the 12 h warm period, reaching a similar level to that in the warm environment. A lower (p < 0.05) RR was observed during both the cold and $25^{\circ}C$ period of intermittent cold than during the corresponding periods in the warm environment. The results of the present investigation clearly show that the body temperature of sheep increased during a 12 h warm period following 12 h of exposure to cold. These results suggest that during a warm period of an intermittent cold exposure cycle, heat could be shored in the animal body.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.256-259
• /
• 2005

Analysis of behavior pattern and thermal response during bathing and showering provides important fundamental data when developing an automatic bathing/showering system. The behavior pattern and physiological changes during bathing/showering were measured und analyzed for the aged male group. We recorded the volunteers showering at front, back, left and right view using four CCTV cameras in order to study the behavior pattern during showering. The photographic data were analyzed by counting the frequencies of body contact and identifying zones where hands could reach. In order to study the thermal response, we measured the blood pressure (B.P), heart rate (H.R), body temperature (B.T.), breathing rate (B.R) for the different water temperatures and the locations of immersion for the young and old age groups. The results showed that the frequencies of body contacts were varied for different body sections. Also there were some body sections where hands could not be reached because of reduced pliability and muscular strength of the aged group. But we observed rather uniform body contact frequencies when a towel was used. In partial immersion bath experiments, we observed the changes of B.P. H.R and B.T in the case of young and old age groups, and the changes were more significant in the young age group.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.769-775
• /
• 2005

An efficiency of Monte Carlo (MC) docking simulations was examined for the prediction of chiral discrimination by cyclodextrins. Docking simulations were performed with various computational parameters for the chiral discrimination of a series of 17 enantiomers by $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) or by 6-amino-6-deoxy-$\beta$-cyclodextrin (am-$\beta$-CD). A total of 30 sets of enantiomeric complexes were tested to find the optimal simulation parameters for accurate predictions. Rigid-body MC docking simulations gave more accurate predictions than flexible docking simulations. The accuracy was also affected by both the simulation temperature and the kind of force field. The prediction rate of chiral preference was improved by as much as 76.7% when rigid-body MC docking simulations were performed at low-temperatures (100 K) with a sugar22 parameter set in the CHARMM force field. Our approach for MC docking simulations suggested that the conformational rigidity of both the host and guest molecule, due to either the low-temperature or rigid-body docking condition, contributed greatly to the prediction of chiral discrimination.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.518-528
• /
• 2010

This study analyzes the work environment and the work clothes wearing conditions of shipyard painters. In addition to this, three types of experimental painting work clothes were evaluated by painters in terms of the material performance and wearing functions. The findings on the harmful painting work environmental factors were organic solvents, noise, heavy dust, high temperatures, and noxious fumes. The body parts damaged during painting operations were the skin, arms, whole body, and face. In general, the satisfaction with the wearing performance of work clothes for painting was low especially in regards to sweat absorbency, sweat permeability, body protection, covering, and the work motion suitability. The satisfaction with the wearing sense of painting working clothes (regardless of the type of material) was high in the order of movement comfort> sensual comfort> physiological comfort. The satisfaction in overall comfort according to the types of material was high in the order of nylon> SMS nonwoven fabric> SF nonwoven fabric.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.304-307
• /
• 1997

Rectal temperature (Tr), skin surface temperatures (Ts), and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously from birth (day 1) till day 7, while resting heat production (HP) was measured in a chamber on days 1, 3, 5 and 7, in order to study the characteristic variation of Tr in newborn calves by heat balance methods. Despite constant levels of milk being given to the newborn calves each day, daily mean resting HP was lowest on the day of birth, then increased to peak on day 3 and then decreased slightly thereafter. Daily mean HR was higher on days 2, 3 and 4, than on other days. Tr exhibited diurnal rhythms and daily mean Tr was low on day 1, high on day 3, and then decreased slightly after day 3. Daily average mean skin temperature (mTs) was similar on all days. Mean body temperature (Tb) exhibited diurnal rhythms and had a similar range between days, suggesting that heat balance and thermoregulation were carried out effectively on each day. The variation of Tb appeared to be synchronized with that of HP and suggested that newborn calves might use variations in the levels of Tb to facilitate the body's required levels of heart loss.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.179-182
• /
• 1994

A study was conducted using four dairy heifers to determine the effect of 10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ environmental temperatures on the physiological responses and heat production, at a fixed level of TDN intake ($60.5\;g/kg^{0.75}\;d$). The analysis showed significant affects of environmental temperature on respiration rate (RR), mean body temperature (Tb), changes in body heat storage (S) and heat production (HP). The HP at $20^{\circ}C$ was almost the same as at $10^{\circ}C$, but the HP at $30^{\circ}C$ was 11% higher than at $10^{\circ}C$. A tendency for an elongation of standing time (ST) with the increase in environmental temperature was also observed. These results suggest that the increase in energy cost of elongation of ST ($9.2\;kJ/kg^{0.75}\;d$) and $1.3^{\circ}C$ increase in Tb ($17.3\;kJ/kg^{0.75}\;d$).

• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of warm fluid used during surgery on the patients' hypothermia prophylaxis and recovery after surgery. Methods: This data were collected from Jul. 13 to Nov. 31. 2009 at S hospital in M City. 60 patients who met the selection criteria were recruited in the study and divided into two groups. The warmed fluids were used for 30 patients in the experimental group, and the fluids in room air temperature were used for the others in the control group. Collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS/win 18.0. Results: The body temperatures of the control group were significantly lower during surgery than those of the experimental group (p<.001). Shivering was significantly less occurred in the experimental group than the control group (p=.018). The experimental group used warmed fluids recovered faster than the control group. Conclusion: Warming fluid for the patients with general anesthesia was revealed to be effective in decreasing hypothermia during surgery, reducing shivering, helping recovery from the anesthesia. Further research is warranted to refine and apply this evidence in nursing practice.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.419-435
• /
• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to suggest the design requirements for Korean naval duty uniforms by evaluating the physiological and psychological comfort while wearing the uniforms. Two sets of wear trials were conducted with summer uniforms(eight young males) and winter uniforms(seven other young males). The summer wear trial consisted of 10-min rest, 60-min exercise, and 10-min recovery at an air temperature($T_{air} $) of $33^{\circ}C$ and 62%RH, followed by 10-min recovery at a $T_{air} $ of $23^{\circ}C$ and 64%RH(total 90 min). The winter wear trial consisted of 20-min rest at $T_{air} $ $20^{\circ}C$ and 55%RH, 25-min rest, 30-min exercise, and 35-min recovery at a $T_{air} $ of 0oC and 43%RH(total 110 min). Rectal and seven skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, heart rate, oxygen consumption, total sweat rate, and subjective perceptions were measured during the wear trials. By evaluating the experimental results from the wear trials, we extracted the following psycho-physiological design requirements to improve the current Korean naval uniforms: (1) It is important to maintain the skin temperatures within their comfort range, which depends on the body region (higher than $30^{\circ}C$ in winter, but less than $35^{\circ}C$ in summer). (2) In summer, the feet should be protected from the high heat of the ship floor surface. (3) In summer, sweat from the back should be sufficiently absorbed and allowed to dry quickly.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.205-213
• /
• 2012

The thermostability of antioxidant activity of dieckol, a phlorotannin isolated from brown seaweed Ecklonia cava was investigated. The thermostable antioxidant properties of dieckol were evaluated at 30, 60, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 7 days using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, and comparing its performance to that of ascorbic acid. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity and apoptotic body formation were investigated using DCF-DA assay and nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide and flow cytometry. Dieckol treated at different temperatures during 7 days showed stable scavenging activities on towards DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, dieckol showed a stable protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced apoptotic body formation in Vero cells. On the other hand, the radical scavenging activities and intracellular ROS scavenging activities of ascorbic acid, used as a positive control, were significantly decreased at $60^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ from on the 4th day and 3rd days, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that food grade antioxidant extracts containing dieckol derived from E. cava remain a stable during the temperatures encountered during the processing of food and cosmetics.