• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1056-1064
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the difference between obese and non-obese male students. To conduct this study, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, serum lipids and insulin concentration, and daily nutrients intake of obese and non-obese mal students were measured. The results are as follows : The anthrometric measurements of the two groups showed significant difference in weight (P<0.01), waist(P<0.001), hip(p<0.0001) and thigh (P<0.001) circumference, % of body fat(p<0.0001), kg of body fat(p<0.001) and LBM (lean body mass, p<0.0001). On the other hand, the blood pressure, serum lipids and insulin, and daily nutrients intake of the two groups showed no significant difference. The WHR showed positive correlation with weight, BMI, waist circumference, % of body fat and kg of body fat in obese group. It is also founded that waist circumference, % of body fat, kg of body fat, serum triglyceride, energy and carbohydrate intake in non-obese group showed positive correlation with WHR.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1205-1220
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to verify the change of body posture by putting on the late $19^{th}$ century English women's bodice or waistcoat. This study analyzed the female somatotype which puts on upper garments of Victorian era with using 3D body scan technology. Two sets of $19^{th}$ century women's bodice and waistcoat patterns were developed with the $19^{th}$ century model size and those patterns were used for making the experimental garments. The fit of experimental garments was evaluated by the degree of change with posture and waist measurements. Three women with the same waist girth measurements with the model size were participated to the fitting test. The postural change was measured from cross-sectional body diagrams. The result of this study showed that the waist measurement of the late $19^{th}$ century English women's bodice and waistcoat pattern was smaller than the waist girth measurement. These garments compressed the midriff of the body and it made women's distinct body silhouette. The waist girth measurement of 1876 bodice pattern was 9.2cm smaller than presented model size. The subjects' waist girth measurements were shortened by 5.0~6.1cm after wearing the 1876 bodice garment. The waist girth measurement of 1880 waistcoat pattern was 7.1cm smaller than presented model size. The subjects' waist girth measurements were shortened by 2.7~3.7cm after wearing the 1880 waistcoat garment. The back side parts of their waist were compressed and their postures were changed. The neck and shoulders were moved forward after wearing the experimental garments. These results showed that body posture could be changed to "S" shape silhouette as wearing the late $19^{th}$ century English women's bodice or waistcoat.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.488-501
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• 2008

The purpose of this study presents bra pattern using the 3D measurements of the upper body subject to women in their 30's. Brassieres available in the market are mostly designed for straight body shape and many women seem to have experienced bearing discomfort in a great extent as they grow older. Brassieres should be designed to cover diverse body types and the accurate measurement of body type and breast shape is needed to accomplish that. As for the study method, 3D human body types were analyzed with RapidForm 2006, and the upper-body types and breast shapes were statistically classified through technical statistics analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, variance analysis, and cross analysis. The wearing tests went through the comparison of the brassieres of three makers in the market and the experiment brassieres(first and second) and then the evaluations were made by the subjects, the outer appearance assessment by experts, and 3D measurements. The results of this study showed that the evaluation of experiment brassieres was excellent in every item, and the significant difference was found out particularly in the items of pressure, rear center, front center, breast underneath, adequate level by wing, and adequate level by armhole. According to the results of 3D evaluation, experiment brassieres had a highest point in fitness with no physical pressure at the wing part and no overall deviation at the cup part.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.265-277
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to successfully reflect human body changes on the transformation of the virtual body within 3D virtual fitting spaces. For this purpose, existing problems of shape transformation of the virtual body were analyzed and regression equations which provides useful basic data for transformation of the virtual body that can be applied usefully to the 3D virtual fitting system was developed. Necessary data for the analyses were body measurement and 3D scan data of women with average physical form between the ages of 40 through 49. The reason that we used human body changes of the female subjects in their forties was based on the recognition that fundamental female body changes start to occur from age of forty. Body shapes were largely divided into 3 groups according to obesity which was found to be the biggest factor of shape change. Seven factors were extracted based on factor analysis of 47 body measurement categories and regression equations were created to extract specific measurements for each BMI group based on these seven factors. The major contribution of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, the regression equations to extract specific measurements based on the 7 representative variables remediated existing problem of virtual bodies as it increased the number of body shape transformation areas. Second, the regression equations helped to overcome the problem of current failing to reflecting changes in body cross-section shape based on simple girth measurements based on analysis of cross-section distances.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.529-534
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• 2012

An analysis of adult women's somatotypes classified by drop values can provide important preliminary data in determining standard clothing sizes for mass production of ready-made clothes. This is because the values are based on measurements of girth, which is essential information in the size-setting process. Adult women's body types are classified according to drop values in a standard clothing size system adopted by Korea and several other countries. This study aims to identify somatotype characteristics of adult women aged 20 to 69 by using five types of drop values: bust-waist, hip-waist, hip-bust, abdomen-waist, and hip-abdomen. Statistical cluster analysis of collected data revealed four somatotypes among adult women. Type R, with a developed lower body, accounted for 36.6%, and its bodyline was found to be closest to the average adult woman. Type X, constituting 25.4%, had the curviest contours of all and relatively large hip measurements, with the thinnest figure. Flat abdomen and hips characterized type Y, which accounted for 18.9%. Lastly, 19.0% fell into type H, the most obese figure, in which abdomen girth exceeded hip measurements. Since type H has excess fat deposits in the abdomen, not only hip measurements but also abdomen girth should be considered when designing top longer than torso-length and bottoms.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.74-84
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to provide useable data for application in American and Korean apparel company. This data was developed by analyzing information of Korean and American body sizes obtained from "Size USA Project" and "Size Korea Project". The Subjects were 6,306 American females and 1,988 Korean females over 18 years old. 30 measurements and 14 computed values were chosen that were considered critical in making garments. And descriptive analysis, percentile analysis and t-test were used as statistical methods for analyzing measurements and computed value between the two countries. The results were as follows. It was determined that American women were larger and bigger than Korean women in all measurements and computed values, except for Shoulder Slope. Based on BMI values, we determined that American women had a distinct tendency towards being overweight. Through the comparison of drop values (i.e. the difference between Hip and Bust Girths or Hip and Waist Girths), ratio values (i.e. waist height divided by height) and Body Mass Index (BMI) between the two countries, we determined that American women's figures were shapelier than Korean women's. American women had higher hip heights and longer leg lengths for their height compared to Korean woman. Furthermore, the back shapes of Korean women were flatter than American women and BMI values indicated American women were relatively more overweight than Korean women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.1 s.41
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• pp.33-52
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• 1992

In order to get the basic information about the designing and manufacturing of special clothing which is suitable diplegia individuals, taking anthropometic measurements, the di-plegia's body dimension, standard dimension, their correlation, maximum, minimum, the relative deviation graph of Mollison and the body index were obtained. The writer examined their body development and abnormal somatotype and compared the difference with the normal somatotype. The results are as follows: 1 One characteristic of the body of diplegia individuals is that their lower parts are dis- proportionately developed, compared to their upper parts. 2. Diplegia individuals have smaller measurements than those of the normal; height, breadth, and circumference measurments of lower parts. And diplegia individuals have larger measur- ments; breadth and circumference measurements of upper parts, most of the length measur- ements. 3. In body index, diplegia individuals have lager measurments than those of the normals; most of index for stature and chest circumference and waist circumference index. And diplegia individuals have smaller measurments; most of the lower parts. 4. Change of somatotype according to age is unbalanced different from the normal's. 5. For the proportion of diplegia individuals, therefore a different pattern design of ciothing is required based on their special somatotype.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.571-578
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• 2009

This study was to apply the measurement variations of each region of the body to the basic bodice pattern grading and to provide the clothing pattern fit for the human body. Grading variation used in the apparel industry was researched and new grading variation was proposed by analyzing the statistical data of body measurements. The statistical variation in body measurements was applied to set the optimum grading region and variation. Five sizes were used by split grading method and drawn with Bust Circumference and waist length based on the middle size. Differences between the grading pattern and the drawing pattern were analyzed by overlapping them and measuring each region. The measurement variations of drawing patterns between the sizes were very different from those of statistical data. On the other hand, the measurement variations of grading patterns between the sizes and those of statistical data were similar. In summary, the grading pattern by applying the measurement variations to the region of the body was superior to the drawing pattern drawn by the basic measurements for clothing fitness.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.985-994
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• 2012

This paper presents the real channel measurements and investigates their statistical characterization in wireless body area network(WBAN). In on-/off body channel, the measurements are performed with some representative human movements for considering human movements. Moreover, three signal transmission schemes with outage constraint are studied for getting total power consumption in each transmission scheme. Using the real channel measurements, between theoretical and realistic simulation are compared. This paper shows that power efficiency is improved through cooperative communication, and how much position of sensor node and human movement affect signal transmission power.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.226-235
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• 2018

This study compares body types among the Korean, Northern Chinese and South Chinese women in their thirties. The subjects of this study are 30-39 year old females that consisted of 200 people from Southern China, 200 people from Northern China, and 202 people from Korea. The results are as follows. There are differences among Northern Chinese, Southern Chinese and Korean women. Korean women are taller than both regions of Chinese women, hip height measurement and waist height measurement of Korean women's are higher than Chinese women, it means that Korean women's lower body parts are longer than Chinese women. Northern Chinese women have the highest circumference measurements and depth measurements; however, Southern Chinese women have similar measurements with Korean women. The body type classification according to the GB/T 1335.2-2008 shows that Northern and Southern Chinese women have different body types. Southern Chinese women are mainly in "A body type" and Northern Chinese women are mainly in "B body type". The body type classification according to the KS K 0051 shows that Chinese women are all mainly "H body type", Korean women are mostly in "A body type". This study articulated specific differences in body types among Southern Chinese, Northern Chinese, and Korean women, especially between Northern and Southern Chinese women. This study provides basic data for Chinese female somatotype research and Korean fashion brands.