• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1478-1486
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• 2014

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary fermented by-product of mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, (FBPM) as a fish meal (FM) replacer in juvenile Amur catfish, Silurus asotus. A total number of 225 fish averaging $5.7{\pm}0.1g$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation) were fed one of the five experimental diets formulated to replace FM with FBPM at 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% ($FBPM_0$, $FBPM_5$, $FBPM_{10}$, $FBPM_{20}$, and $FBPM_{30}$, respectively). At the end of eight weeks of the experiment, average weight gain (WG) of fish fed $FBPM_0$ or $FBPM_5$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in WG among the fish fed $FBPM_0$, $FBPM_5$ or $FBPM_{10}$, and between fish fed $FBPM_{10}$ or $FBPM_{20}$, and also between those fed $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets. Lysozyme activity of fish fed $FBPM_0$ or $FBPM_5$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_{10}$, $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). The chemiluminescent response of fish fed $FBPM_5$ was significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_0$, $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). Broken line regression analysis of WG suggested that the maximal dietary inclusion level for FBPM as a FM replacer could be 6.3% without any adverse effects on whole body composition and on serological characteristics. Therefore, these results may indicate that the maximal dietary inclusion level of FBPM as a FM replacer could be 6.3% in juvenile Amur catfish.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

Adrenergic receptors play a major role in thermogenesis and lipolysis in brown and visceral adipose tissues, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of $\beta$2-adrenergic receptor ($\beta$2AR) and $\beta$3-adrenergic receptor ($\beta$3AR) genotypes on hyperglycemia and obesity in the Korean population. A representative sample consisting of 530 Korean men and women were measured for height, weight, BMI, WHR, obesity index and body composition. The genotypes of $\beta$2AR polymorphism in codon 27 and $\beta$3AR polymorphism in codon 64 were analyzed by the PCR RFLP method. Serum concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were determined. The frequencies of $\beta$2AR and $\beta$3AR genotype were: both wild type, 62.5% ; only $\beta$2AR variant type, 12.8% ; only $\beta$3AR variant type, 18.8% ; and both variant type, 5.8% ; the frequency of E and R alleles were 0.098 and 0.137, respectively. Among the physiological parameters, fasting glucose level was significantly higher in subjects with both variant type compared with the three other types (p <0.05), Subjects with both variant type had 12%, 12% and 9.3% increases in serum glucose levels compared with wild type, only $\beta$2AR variant type, and only $\beta$3AR variant type, respectively. When logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the risk for hyperglycemia, the subjects were selected for fasting blood glucose concentrations of more than 6.105 m㏖/L (110 mg/dL), and the odds ratios were 1.215 (p=0.636) for only $\beta$2AR variant type,1.659 (p=0.089) for only $\beta$3AR variant type, and 3.078 (p=0.011) for both variant type. These results suggest that the interaction of $\beta$2AR and $\beta$3AR variant genotypes has a strong association with increased glucose levels, and might be a significant risk factor for hyperglycemia among Korean subjects.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2006

이성중심의 서향철학사 속에서 '감각'은 '이성'의 하위개념으로 폄하되어왔다. 그러나 21세기 현대의 시각 환경은 '이성' 중심의 인식론을 밀어내고, 그 자리에 '감성' '감각'으로 재구성되고 있다. 특히 대중영상물들은 이러한 변화를 가장 빠르게 반영하고 또 선도하는 분야라 할 수 있다. 그러나 불행하게도 대중영상물들에서 '감각'에 대한 예술적, 미학적 의미를 고민한 흔적을 찾아내기는 쉽지 않다. 이는 오랜 역사를 거쳐 '감각'을 '이성'의 하위개념으로 인식하여 '감각'은 표피적인 것, 진짜가 아닌 것으로만 치부되어 온 탓 때문일 것이다. 때문에 '감각'의 새로운 가치를 부여한 현대 철학가 질 들뢰즈의 감각론을 검토해 보고, 그 개념을 영상화하고 있는 크리스 커닝햄(Chris Cunningham)의 작품세계를 분석하는 것은 유의미한 일이다. 그가 제작한 에이펙스 트윈(Aphex Twin)의 뮤직비디오 3편을 분석한 결과 질 들뢰즈가 <감각의 논리>에서 제시하는 '기관 없는 신체' '히스테리' '디아그람'을 기반하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 크리스 커닝햄을 포함해 최근에 발표된 '감각'을 주제로 한 영상작품들을 제작방법이나, 화면구성 등 표피적인 방법으로 분석하는 것은 작가의 예술 철학을 간과하는 오류를 범하게 된다. 새롭게 전개되고 있는 현대 감각론을 이해하고 그 실체에 대한 탐구와 영상작품들의 분석은 새로운 대안을 제시하는 밑거름이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.729-740
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• 1997

고혈압과 영양소 섭취와의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 춘천시 남면과 사북면의 10개리에 거주하는 30세 이상 성인을 대상으로 1995년 7월$\sim$8월, 1996년 6월에 혈압측정 및 24시간 회상법을 이용한 식이조사를 시행하여 남자 250명, 여자 297명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 혈압과 영양소 섭취와의 관련성을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 평균 수축기 혈압과 영양소 섭취와의 상관관계 분석에서 유의한 상관관계를 보인 영양소는 남성에서 단백질 에너지(%)였다$(\gamma=0.16)$. 여성에서는 유의한 상관 관계를 보여주지 않았다. 2. 평균 이완기 혈압과의 상관관계 분석시 남성에서 단백질 밀도와 단백질 에너지(%)가 강한 양의 상관관계를(p<0.01)보여주었으며, 칼슘 밀도(calcium density)와 에너지 보정 단백질도 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보여주었다. 여성에서는 유의한 상관관계를 보인 영양소는 없었다. 3. 탄수화물과 나트륨을 제외한 영양소 섭취량은 전체적으로 고혈압군에서 높았으나 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 4. 다중선형회귀분석(multiple linear regression analysis)에서 남성의 경우 영양소 밀도를 이용한 모델에서는 평균 이완기 혈압만이 단백질 밀도와 유의한 양의 연관성을 보여주었다. 에너지 보정 영양소를 이용한 모델에서는 평균 이완기 혈압과 에너지 보정 단백질만이 유의한 양의 연관성을, 총 열량은 음의 연관성을 보여주었다. 여성의 경우는 평균 수축기 및 이완기 혈압과 유의한 연관성을 보여주는 영양소는 없었다. 5. 고혈압과 영양소와의 관계를 성, 연령, 체질량 지수, 가족력을 보정하고 선형중회귀로짓분석을 이용하여 분석시 영양소 밀도를 이용한 모델에서는 단백질 밀도가 강한 양의 연관성을(Odds ratio=3.18), 지방밀도는 유의한 양의 연관성을(Odds ratio=1.94)을, 나트륨 밀도는 유의한 음의 연관성을 보여주었다(Odds ratio=0.73). 에너지 보정 영양소를 이용한 모델에서는 에너지 보정 단백질이 유의한 양의 연관성을 보여주었다(Odds ratio=1.01). 본 연구는 단면조사를 통하여 혈압과 영양소와의 상관관계 분석과 고혈압군과 정상혈압군의 영양소 섭취의 차이를 분석하여 영양소섭취와 고혈압과의 연관성을 보고자 하였는데 적대적인 영양소 섭취량보다는, 같은 에너지 섭취수준에서 단백질과 지방 섭취가 상대적으로 많은 경우가 양의 연관성을 보였고, 나트륨 섭취가 상대적으로 적은 경우가 음의 연관성을 보였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.272-283
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• 2007

This study was performed to delineate the relationship between lifestyle and nutritional risk factors associated with hypertension in representative middle-aged Korean population. Hypertension in this study is defined as hypertensive ($SBP{\geq}140mmHg\;or\;DBP{\geq}90mmHg$) adults without recognition of a disease state before a health exam. With data from the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutritional Survey, nutrient intakes of 6,112 adults, 40-64 years of age were calculated using food composition database and matched with health examination records by individual ID. After excluding those with extreme intake values, the number of final subjects included in the analysis was 5,200 (male 2,458, female 2,742). Using logistic regression method, socio-demographic data, lifestyle factors, and nutrient intakes were analyzed. Risky factors for hypertension revealed in this study were age, sex, BMI over 23, waist circumference, alcohol intake of more than 16g (male) or 8g (female). Regarding nutrient intakes, the intakes of highest quartile for energy (${\geq}2363.0kcal$) and protein (${\geq}90.2g$) were significantly associated with higher risk of hypertension after adjusting for age, sex, and other socio-demographic factors (OR=1.312(1.046-1.711), OR=1.488(1.194-1.854), respectively)). Although high intakes of sodium (${\geq}6604.0mg$) and phosphorus seemed to be risk factors of hypertension also before energy adjustment (OR=1.278(1.034-1.581), OR=1.280(1.024-1.600), respectively), only high intakes of energy and protein remained significant after adjustment. This study revealed that modifying risky lifestyles and dietary patterns, especially high energy intake, high protein intake, and high alcohol drinking, in middle-aged Korean adults could result in a prevalence decrease and/or prevention of hypertension.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.102-115
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• 2018

Objectives: Although breakfast is important to nutrition balance, prevention of overeating, and weight control, people in their 20s (males: 55.1%, females: 49.9%) were reported to have the highest rate of skipping breakfast in 2016 Korea Health Statistics. This study aims to examine dietary habits and nutrient intake depending on breakfast frequency among young women in Seoul. Methods: The subjects were 655 young women in Seoul from August to October 2016, and the survey was performed by using a questionnaire that included general characteristics, dietary habits, and eating behavior. Body composition was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis. Nutritional status was examined by the 24-hour recall method. Results: The participants were classified by breakfast intake frequency; '${\geq}5times/week$ (n=160)', '1-4 times/week (n=327)', and 'breakfast skipping (n=168)'. The 'breakfast skipping' group had lower frequency and regularity of meals. In addition, the 'breakfast skipping' group had a higher frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. There was no difference in total calories between the 'breakfast skipping' group and other groups, but the 'breakfast skipping' group had significantly low carbohydrate and fiber intakes. The participants showed lower intakes of calories, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, calcium, potassium, and zinc in comparison with recommended intakes. Especially, the 'breakfast skipping' group had significantly lower fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, potassium levels compared to the '${\geq}5times/week$' group. For Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the 'breakfast skipping' group recorded a ratio of 0.60, which was lower than those of other groups. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) including fiber, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus were significantly lower in the breakfast skipper group, compared to the breakfast eater group. Conclusions: The 'breakfast skipping' group showed low regularity of meals and a high frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. The breakfast regular eater group showed high intake of micronutrients and quality of meals was high in general. Skipping breakfast could lower nutrient intake and quality of meals, which requires attention.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

Glycine Nitrate Process(GNP)를 이용하여 $La_{0.75}Sr_{0.25}FeO_3$를 합성하였다. 이때, GNP의 글리신의 함량은 화학양론식으로 계산하여 3.17mol을 첨가하였다. ICP-AES분석으로 각각의 조성 함량을 조사하고, XRD, SEM분석으로 합성된 분말의 결정성과 입자크기를 분석하였다. 이렇게 분석한 분말은 일축가압 성형으로 펠렛을 제조하였으며, 이 시편은 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 소결하였다. 소결된 시편은 아르키메데스 법을 이용하여 소결밀도를 측정히였다. 전기화학적 성능을 평가하기 위해 AC impedance spectroscopy로 측정하였으며, GNP 법으로 합성된 LSF가 기존의 LSM 보다 낮은 Ohmic resistance및 Polarization resistance를 보임을 확인하였다. 또한 합성된 LSF를 양극으로 사용하여 연료극 지지체식 고체산화물 연료전지의 단위전지를 제작하였으며, 그 성능은 $750^{\circ}C$에서 $342mW/cm^2(0.7V,\;488mA/cm^2)$을 나타내었다. 마지막으로 임피던스 분석에 의하여 단위전지의 전기화학적 분극저항을 평가하였다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2004

Gonadosomatic index, condition index and reproductive cycle with the gonadal development of the female Octopus ocellatus were investigated by histological observations and morphometric data, from January to December, 2000. And changes in biochemical components of the ovary and the trunk tissues including the digestive organ associated with gonadal development were studied by biochemical analysis from January to October, 2001. The specimens were collected at the coastal waters of Buan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, from January 2000 to October 2001. O. ocellatus is a dioecious organism. The gonad of O. ocellatus locates medially in posterior region of the body. Morphology of the ovary shows round and oval in shape, the average diameter and external colour of ripe ovary was 32 mm and semitransparent light brown in colour. As the ovary was getting mature, transparent elongated eggs covered with chorion were present in the ovarian cavity. Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed a similar pattern with those of the condition index. The GSI and condition index began to increase in March and reached the maximum in April. And then, their values decreased from May and reached the minimum in September. Reproductive cycle of O. ocellatus can be categorized into five successive stages: early developing stage (September to December), late developing stage (November to March), ripe stage (March to May), partially spawned stage (April to June), and degenerative/resting stage (June to October). Follicle cells attached to an oocyte were involved in vitellogenesis in the cytoplasm of the vitellogeneic oocyte and formation of chorion (secondary egg membrane) of the ovarian eggs. Spawning occurred between April and June. The spawning period was once a year and the peak took place between May and June. This species belongs to semelparity. According to changes in biochemical contents of the ovary and the digestive organ, monthly variations of moisture, total protein, total lipid and glycogen contents (%) in the ovary showed a negative correlationship with those of the trunk tissues including the digestive organ. Accordingly, it is assumed that the ovary only may be received nutrient supply (total lipid content) for gonadal development from the trunk tissues including the digestive organ (r = -0.55, p < 0.05).

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The use of materials for modern lightweight auto-bodies is becoming more complex than hitherto assemblies. The high strength materials nowadays frequently used for more specific fields such as the front and rear sub frames, seat belts and seats are mounted to the assembled body structure using bolt joints. It is desirable to use nuts attached to the assembled sheets by projection welding to decrease the number of loose parts which improves the quality. In this study, nut projection welding was carried out between a nut of both boron steel and carbon steel and ultra-high strength hot-stamped steel sheets. Then, the joints were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by microhardness measurements and pullout tests. An indigenously designed sample fixture set-up was used for the pull-out tests to induce a tensile load in the weld. The fractography analysis revealed the dominant interfacial fracture between boron steel nut weld which is related to the shrinkage cavity and small size fusion zone. A non-interfacial fracture was observed in carbon steel nut weld, the lower hardness of HAZ caused the initiation of failure and allowed the pull-out failure which have higher in tensile strengths and superior weldability. Hence, the fracture load and failure mode characteristics can be considered as an indication of the weldability of materials in nut projection welding.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.292-309
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of Mealworms as a hospital meal with increased nutrition density. We provided a meal for postoperative patients and conducted analysis of dietary intake and nutritional status of patients and assessment of acceptability of the meal. This study was carried out as a randomized control trial. Patients were supplied either a hospital meal using Mealworms (Experimental group) or a regular hospital meal (Control group). We investigated the administration amounts of parenteral nutrition (PN) and food intake of patients after surgery and measured anthropometry, body composition, and blood tests before surgery and at hospital discharge. We included 34 postoperative patients who were admitted to Gangnam Severance Hospital from March to September. In the groups of patients not supplied with PN, the experimental group ($964.68{\pm}284.6kcal$, $38.82{\pm}12.9g$) had significantly higher dietary calorie and protein intake than the control group ($666.62{\pm}153.7kcal$, $24.47{\pm}4.9g$)(P<0.05). Additionally in the group of patients not supplied with PN, the experimental group (1.37%) showed a significantly higher increase in fat free mass index than the control group (-3.46%)(P<0.05). In all subjects, calorie density and protein density were significantly higher in the experimental group (P<0.001), and acceptability of calorie (P=0.036) and protein (P=0.001) was also significantly higher in the experimental group. Therefore, the results of this study support the validity of the introduction of hospital meals using Mealworms.