• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.533-550
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• 2024

Peptides with bioactive effects are being researched for various purposes. However, there is a lack of overall research on pork-derived peptides. In this study, we reviewed the process of obtaining bioactive peptides, available analytical methods, and the study of bioactive peptides derived from pork. Pepsin and trypsin, two representative protein digestive enzymes in the body, are hydrolyzed by other cofactors to produce peptides. Bicinchoninic acid assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, chromatography, and in vitro digestion simulation systems are utilized to analyze bioactive peptides for protein digestibility and molecular weight distribution. Pork-derived peptides mainly exhibit antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. The antioxidant activity of bioactive peptides increases the accessibility of amino acid residues by disrupting the three-dimensional structure of proteins, affecting free radical scavenging, reactive oxygen species inactivation, and metal ion chelating. In addition, the antihypertensive activity decreases angiotensin II production by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and suppresses blood pressure by blocking the AT1 receptor. Pork-derived bioactive peptides, primarily obtained using papain and pepsin, exhibit significant antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, with most having low molecular weights below 1 kDa. This study may aid in the future development of bioactive peptides and serve as a valuable reference for pork-derived peptides.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 1999

This study aimed at investigating correlation of nutrients intake and serum lipids of industrial workers. 226 for adult aged 20yr~59yr (average age 35.9yr) were selected as subjects during 6 months, from June to December, 1997. Nutrients intake was investigated by questionnaire, 24-hour recall method. Antropometric assessments, serum lipids and blood pressure of the subjects were investigated. The results as follows ; In total subjects, calories, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$ were below Korean RDA(recommended dietary allowances) and protein, iron, vitamin C, niacin and phosphorus were above Korean RDA. Distribution of BMI groups were underweight groups(7.9%), normalweight groups(63.3%) and overweight groups(28.8%). In BMI groups, intakes of calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, niacin and potassium of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Intakes of calcium of underweight groups were lower than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.05). BMI increased with age. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, natrium and potassium were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Calcium and vitamin C were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.01). vitamin A and phosphorus were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.05). Total lipid, total-chol., triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). HDL-chol. were negatively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Above results, the more BMI and age increased, the worse patterns of serum lipid, so that increased atherogenic index that increased risk of atherosclerosis and degenerative chronic disease connected with serum lipid. After classified by BMI, age and lipid pattern, it will be managed individually for health management of industrial workers. Development and application of efficient program will be urgent for harmonious nutrition counseling and guidance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2006

Objectives: We wanted to determine the distribution of the clustering of the metabolic risk factors and we wanted to evaluate the related factors in young schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study of metabolic syndrome was conducted in an elementary school in Seoul, Korea. We evaluated fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood pressures and the body mass index, and we used parent-reported questionnaires to assess the potential risk factors in 261 children (136 boys, 125 girls). We defined the metabolic risk factors as obesity or at risk for obesity ($\geqq$ 85th percentile for age and gender), a systolic or diastolic blood pressure at $\geqq90th$ percentile for age and gender, fasting glucose at $\geqq110mg/dl$, triglyceride at $\geqq110mg/dl$ and HDL cholesterol at $\leqq40mg/dl$. Results: There were 15.7% of the subjects who showed clustering of two or more metabolic risk factors, 2.3% of the subjects who showed clustering for three or more risk factors, and 0.8% of the subjects who showed clustering for four or more risk factors. A multivariate analysis revealed that a father smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, a mother with a body mass index of = $25kg/m^2$, and the child eating precooked or frozen food more than once per day were associated with clustering of two or more components, with the odds ratios of 3.61 (95% CI=1.24-10.48), 5.50 (95% CI=1.39-21.73) and 8.04 (95% CI=1.67-38.81), respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that clustering of the metabolic risk factors is present in young schoolchildren in Korea, with the clustering being associated with parental smoking and obesity as well as the child's eating behavior. These results suggest that evaluation of metabolic risk factors and intervention for lifestyle factors may be needed in both young Korean children and their parents.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 현재 시판되고 있는 남성복 의복구성 교재를 중심으로 클래식 셔츠의 패턴 설계 방법을 비교하였다. 3D 가상착의 평가를 실시하여 20대 남성에게 적합한 셔츠 패턴제도법을 선정하고자 하였다. 분석에는 SPSS 26.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 패턴제도법에 따라 적용치수에 차이가 있으며, 지정된 치수를 적용하는 부위도 많았다. 셔츠 패턴의 앞뒤가슴둘레, 앞뒤허리둘레는 대부분 같게 설정되었으나 가슴둘레와 허리둘레에 앞뒤 차가 있는 경우에 맞음새가 더 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 가상착의를 통한 외관평가, 색분포도 및 mesh 상태를 통한 의복압 등의 항목에서 B패턴이 가장 우수한 것으로 평가되어 B패턴이 20대 남성에게 가장 적합한 제도법으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 제7차 한국인인체치수조사 보고서의 20대 평균 치수를 적용한 것이므로 이를 20대 전체에 적용하는 데는 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 생각된다. 향후, 실제 착용감 연구와 다양한 20대의 체형과 소재에 따른 패턴에 관한 연구도 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1374-1381
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• 2009

본 연구는 남성 음주자의 나이대별 생리학적 변수들에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 연구하였다. 30대 남성들은 waist-hip ratio, 좌 우 심장-발목 혈관지수, 좌 우 발목-상완지수, 아밀라제, hs-CRP, CPK가 가장 낮았고 체중, IL-6, 좌 우 안와혈압, 혈색소, 적혈구수, 적혈구 분포도, ALT, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 페르틴 농도는 높게 나타났다. hs-CRP, CPK는 40대 음주남성에서 높았지만 페리틴 농도는 반대였다. 50대 음주남성에서는 WHR이 높았으며 이완기 혈압, 좌 우 안와혈압, 호산구와 아밀라제 농도는 높게 나타냈다. 60대 음주남성에서는 좌 우 심장-발목 혈관지수, 평균 혈색소 농도, $\gamma$-GTP, RF, AFP, PSA의 농도는 높았으며, 체중, 이완기 혈압, 좌 우 안와혈압, 혈색소, 혈소판, 백혈구, 적혈구 분포지수, 호산구, 단구, 아밀라제 중성지방, CPK 농도 변화에서는 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 음주는 남성들에 있어 나이대별로 다양한 생리학적 변화를 유도 할 것으로 사료된다. 향후 음주가 성별, 즉 남녀 간에 미치는 생리학적 영향의 차이에 대한 연구 역시 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.585-592
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• 2016

하이브리드 로켓의 연소실험에서 관찰된 500 Hz 대역의 연소압력과 연소반응 변동이 안정한 연소에서 발생하는 원인과 LFI로 발전하는 과정을 분석하기 위하여 $CH^*$ 화학발광 이미지와 PMT(photomultiplier tube)에 의한 광자방출 측정으로 연소반응 변화를 가시화하였다. 안정한 연소에서는 500 Hz 대역의 연소압력과 연소반응 변동의 위상차이가 180 도 정도를 이루며 전단층 유동을 따라서 정상적인 연소가 발생하였다. 그러나 불안정 연소가 발생하면, 500 Hz 주파수의 두 변동의 위상차는 60~70 도로 양의 관계(positive coupling)를 이루며 상하 대칭의 와류 발생과 국부적 소염이 나타나는 주기적 변화를 반복한다. 또한 천이구간에서는 매우 불규칙적인 와류와 상하 대칭의 전단층 유동 형상이 번갈아 관찰되고 있다. 이것은 연소의 영향으로 와류가 발생하는 것으로 보염기 후류에서 발생한 BVK 유동불안정과 유사한 특성을 보여준다, 따라서 하이브리드 로켓 연소의 저주파수 연소불안정은 500 Hz 대역의 연소반응 변동에 의한 와류의 발생과 이로 인한 국부적인 소염이 점진적으로 발전하여 완전한 주기적 소염으로 이어졌고, 20 Hz의 연소불안정으로 발전하는 것으로 판단하였다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.349-376
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• 1996

연구 목적 : 사상인의 각 체질별 특성을 파악하기 위한 통계조사 연구이다. 연구 방법 : 경희의료원 동서 종합 건강진단센타에 1995년 2월 3일부터 1996년 5월 10까지 내원한 검사자들의 인구학적 특성, 21 개 검사 소견, 체질증을 중심으로 각 사상인에 따른 특성을 빈도분석, Oneway Anava검정, 교차분석을 통한 ${\chi}^2$ 검정을 실시하여 사상인에 따라 유의성있는 차이가 있는지를 살펴 보았다. 연구 결과 : 사상인 체질 진단과 체질의 특성을 파악하기 위해 196례 검사자의 체질진단을 시행하고 각 사상인에 따른 일반적 특성 신체계측 완실무병 조건인 땀, 대 소변, 수면상태, 그리고 각종 검사소견을 살펴 아래의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 196례 검사자의 사상체질 진단 결과 태음인(太陰人) 110명 (56.1%), 소음인(少陰人) 58명(29.6%), 소양인(少陽人) 28명 (14.3%)으로 태음인(太陰人)이 가장 많았고 소음인(少陰人)이 소양인(少陽人)보다 많았다. 2. 직업에 따른 사상인의 분포는 사무직, 행정직, 주부는 태음인(太陰人)과 소음인(少陰人), 연구전문직은 소음인(少陰人), 사기업 경영은 태음인(太陰人), 서비스직은 소양인(少陽人)이 많았다. 3. 각 체질 진단 설문 조사의 특성은 QSCC(I)은 다른 체질이 태양인(太陽人)으로 진단되는 경향이 높고, 1번 설문지 는 소음인(少陰人) 판정 정확율이 76.4%로 높았다. 4. 각 체질별 체질중을 살펴 보면 태음인(太陰人)은 땀이 잘 나고 소음인(少陰人)은 땀이 잘나지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 태음인(太陰人)은 식욕이 좋으며 찬음식을 좋아하고 소화가 잘되나 소음인(少陰人)은 식욕이 좋지 않고 더운 음식을 좋아하며 소화가 잘 안되는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 비만도의 검사에서 태음인(太陰人)이 비만도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 6. 고혈압자의 사상인 분포에서 수축기 혈압과 확장기 혈압은 태음인(太陰人)이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 고혈압자의 발생빈도도 태음인이 사상인(四象人)중 가장 높게 나타났다. 7. 고지혈중과 사상인 분포에서 중성지방은 태음인(太陰人)이 가장 높은 것으로 나타나 태음인(太陰人)에게 중성지방이 높은 고지혈중 발생빈도가 높았으나 총콜레스테롤은 사상인(四象人)간의 유의성 있는 차이가 없었다. 8. 간기능 효소와 사상인 분포에서 GPT, GGT는 태음인(太陰人)이 소양인(少陽人)보다 높은 것으로 나타났고 GOT는 사상인(四象人)의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 9. 초음파 검사에 의한 지방간의 발생빈도는 태음인(太陰人)이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.338-347
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• 1997

Apo E polymorphism(e2, e3, e4) was among the first reported genetic polymorphism that explained part of the normal vairation in plasma cholesterol concentrations. Both alleles E2 and E4 are significantly more frequent in patients with mixed forms of hyperlipidemia and contribute on the observed differences in CHD risk among different populations. Effects of apo E polymorphism on the distribution of plasma lipid profiles were studied in 89 normolipidemic healthy females, aged 19 up to 22 years. The relative frequencies of E3/3 was 0.787, E3/2 was 0.101, E3/4 allele was 0.112 and no E2/2, E2/4 and E4/4 were found. Weight, height and %LBM were elevated in E2 than those in E3&E4. No differences in the blood pressure among apo E isomers were found, otherwise the pulsation was higher in E4 than that in the others. There were no differences in plasma total-, total DL-, HDL$_3$-, HDL$_2$ cholesterol, apo B-100 and apo A-I, However, phenotype means rank E3/2>E3/3>E3/4 in average TG levels(p<0.0001) significantly, and rank E3/4>E3/3>E3/2 in LDL cholesterol levels. These results were related to the correlation between atherogenic indiced (AI) such as LDL/HDL, (TC-HDL)/HDL, HDL$_3$/HDL$_2$. The ratio of HDL$_3$& HDL$_2$was significantly increased in E2 & E4 than that in E3(P=0.043). LCAT activity was not different between E2 and E3 but was highly increased in E4 (p<0.0001 among apo E isomers), but CETP was not different. Since the negative correlation between LCAT and CETP in apo E2(r=-0.491) was stronger than that in apo E3, E2 allele impacts the clearance of plasma apo E mediated lipoproteins. In conclusion firstly, E4 mediated alteration through LDL or E receptors results in lower TG or higher $\beta$-lipoprotein levels and E2 shows reciprocal effects of E4, respectively. Second, E4 allele was more atherogenic than E2 allele because the higher levels of AI such as HDL$_3$/HDL$_2$ were criticized.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.723-736
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 복압력(abdominal pressure) 및 복근(abdominal musles)만을 제외(하중의 계산시 이들의 역활을 포함하였다.) 한 요추골 운동에 관계하는 모든 역 학적 요소를 포함시키고 해부학적으로 매우 충실한 실험용 광탄성 모델과 하중장치를 개발하여, 이러한 모델과 하중장치의 유효성을 임상의학적으로 규명 하는것을 본 연구 의 목적으로 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1968

Histamine, 0.5 mg as histamine base in 4 ml of normal saline solution, was injected into rabbits anesthetized with nembutal and the mean blood pressure was kept in the range of $52{\sim}80\;mmHg$ for over one hour by supplemental additions. Following the injection of the test substances, 300 mg of urea and 200 mg of antipyrine intravenously, serial blood samples were obtained from the femoral artery and the internal jugular vein at $0.5{\sim}3$ minutes interval. The decreasing patterns in the concentrations of arterial and venous blood plasma samples were compared with each other. The ratio of the concentration of brain tissue to that of the final arterial plasma was also studied. By these measures the degrees of penetration of the test substances in the brain in the control and in the histamine treated rabbits were observed. The concentrations of antipyrine and urea in the arterial blood plasma were decreasing exponentially with respect to the time elapsed. The venous concentrations were anticipated to increase initially and to cross the arterial concentration curve in the point of equlibrium between the plasma and the tissue. On the contrary to the expectation venous concentration also revealed the decreasing tendency similar to that of arterial plasma. The similarity between these two curves, arterial and venous, would be atributable to the fact that the cerebral blood flow rate was large enough and the rising phase in the venous concentration curve was instantly over before serial blood samples were taken. Inspite of some similarity in the decreasing tedency in both concentration curves there were appreciable discrepancies between the arterial and venous plasma which would reflect the situation far from the equlibria among several compartments in the brain. Changes in plasma potassium levels caused by the injection of histamine or bleeding were observed, too. Using 8 rabbits as the control and 12 rabbits for the histamine treated group following results were obtained: 1. Both of the concentration curves, arterial and venous, declined rapidly at_first and slowly later on and approached same equilibrium concentration with the passage of time after a single injection. The time at which attained the same concentration was $2.0{\pm}0.54\;min.$ in the control and $4.3{\pm}1.92\;min.$ in the histamine treated group with respect to antipyrine. On the other hand in the case of urea they were $2.4{\pm}0.59\;min.$ in the control and $4.4{\pm}1.31\;min.$ in the histamine group, respectively. In the histamine treated group enlarged spaces for distribution of test substances were postulated. 2. The concentration of antipyrine in the brain tissue water revealed no significant differences between the control and experimental groups, showing $212{\pm}40.2\;mg/l$ in the control and $206{\pm}64.1\;mg/l$ in the histamine treated group. On the other hand urea revealed higher value in the histamine treated group than in the control, showing an enhanced penetration of urea into the tissue after injection of histamine. Urea concentration in the brain water was $32.3{\pm}3.36\;mg%$ in the control and $39.2{\pm}4.25\;mg%$ in the histamine treated group. 3. The distribution ratio of antipyrine in the brain tissue was very close to unity in the histamine treated animals as well as in the control. 4. The average of the distribution ratio of urea in the control animals was 0.77 and it showed the presence of blood-brain barrier with regard to urea. However in the histamine treated animals the distribution ratios climbed up to 0.86 and they were closer to unity than in the control animals. Out of 12 cases 5 were greater than 0.9 and 8 exceeded 0.85. It appeared that histamine enhanced the penetration of urea through the barrier. 5. Histamine injection and or hemorrhage caused an elevation of the concentration of potassium in plasma. In the event that histamine and hemorrhage were applied together the elevation of potassium exceed the elevation seen at the histamine alone. There was no evidence that the leakage of potassium from the brain tissue was dominant in comparison with the general leakage from the whole body.