• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of cervical manipulation for improve blood velocity and flow in the subjects with asymmetric vertebral artery. Methods: Twenty-four subjects on asymmetric vertebral artery with right side have less blood flow than left side participated in this study for apply to non-specific cervical manipulation on lower portion. Measurement method were using duplex ultrasound with colour doppler imaging for blood velocity and flow on left and right vertebral artery. Results: Compared changes of blood velocity and flow on unilateral after the cervical manipulation, the left blood velocity decreased significantly (p<.01) and the right blood velocity increased significantly (p<.01). The left blood flow no significant changes and the right blood flow increased significantly (p<.01). Compared changes of blood velocity and flow on bilateral, the left and right blood velocity and flow made significantly difference on pre-manipulation (p<.01). However, both side no significantly difference on post-manipulation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the non-specific cervical manipulation took effect for improve blood velocity and flow in the subjects with asymmetric vertebral artery. Therefore, therapeutic approaches for improve to asymmetric vertebral artery should be consider non-specific cervical manipulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

PURPOSE: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) should be carefully assessed in patient for whom manipulation of the cervical spine is to be undertaken. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity following head and body positioning by transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty two healthy female (mean age $20.77{\pm}1.30yrs.$) participants volunteered to participate in the study. None of the participants had a history of neck pain or headache within the last 6 months. To evaluate the cerebral blood flow, we measured the mean flow velocity of the posterior cerebral artery unilaterally (right side). The blood flow velocity was measured under 3 different head positions (in a neutral head position, ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation position) and 2 different body conditions (supine position and sitting position). RESULTS: The mean blood flow velocity of posterior cerebral artery was decreased in body positioning from supine to sitting (p<.05), but the decreased rate of blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery did not change significantly between ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation (p>.05). CONCLUSION: These result of our study show that body positioning (sitting and supine) affect the blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2003

Flow characteristics of blood flow in a micro channel were investigated experimentally using a micro-PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) velocity field measurement technique. The main objective of this study was to understand the real blood flow in micron-sized blood vessels. The Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of micro-channel for deionized (DI) water was about Re=0.34. For each experimental condition, 100 instantaneous velocity fields were captured and ensemble-averaged to get the spatial distributions of mean velocity. In addition, the motion of RBC (Red Blood Cell) was visualized with a high-speed CCD camera. The captured flow images of nano-scale fluorescent tracer particles in DI water were clear and gave good velocity tracking-ability. However, there were substantial velocity variations in the central region of real blood flow in a micro-channel due to the presence of red blood cells.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

1. Purpose We inquire into difference of blood flow velocity according Sasang Constitution. 2. Method We selected observation group that they are 251 patients among of the patients who are had a medical early examination of stroke. We classified observation group by Sasang Constitution and compared each of measured blood flow velocity by TCD. 3. Result 1) We found out that Taeumin is highest in fat rate, height and blood pressure. 2) Blood flow mean velocity of MCA is not found out significant difference by Sasang Constitution. But, Taeumin is found out highest in left and right. 3) Taeumin is found out that blood flow velocity of Siphon sinus ICA is highest.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1954-1959
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• 2020

Background: Due to aging, blood flow rate decreases, also posture and chewing habit may be changed. Objective: To identify that changes in blood velocity in the common carotid arteries (CCAs) in old persons with unilateral chewing habit (UCH) and forward head posture (FHP) in the elderly. Design: An observational cross-sectional study. Methods: Chewing habits, FHP, and CCAs velocities were assessed in 85 elderly subjects. Chewing habits were measured by visual observation. CCAs measured the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), minimum diastolic velocity, and resistivity index. The subjects were divided into UCH and bilateral chewing habit groups depending on chewing habit. The subjects were also divided into >49 degrees and <49 degrees for comparison of blood flow between the left and right CCAs. Results: In the UCH, the chewing side had significantly higher EDV (P=.003), PSV (P=.023) than the non-chewing side. There was no significant difference in velocity between the CCAs in the FHP. Conclusion: This study shows that the blood flow velocity of the chewing side of UCH was higher, and unilateral chewing affects the CCAs velocity and thus highlight the importance of chewing habit in the elderly than head posture.

• 순환기질환의공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.28-36
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• 2006

The x-ray PIV method was improved for measuring quantitative velocity fields of real blood flows using a coherent synchrotron x-ray source. Without using any contrast media or seeding particles, this method can visualize flow pattern of blood by enhancing the phase-contrast and interference characteristics of blood cells based on a synchrotron x-ray imaging mechanism. The enhanced x-ray images were achieved by optimizing the sample-to-scintillator distance, the sample thickness, and hematocrit. The quantitative velocity fields of blood flows inside opaque tubes were obtained by applying a 2-frame PIV algorithm to the x-ray images of the blood flows. The measured velocity field data show typical features of blood flows such as the yield stress effect. The non-Newtonian flow characteristics of blood flows were analyzed using the x-ray PIV method and the experimental results were compared with hemodynamic models.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The x-ray PIV method was improved for measuring quantitative velocity fields of real blood flows using a coherent synchrotron x-ray source. Without using any contrast media or seeding particles, this method can visualize flow pattern of blood by enhancing the phase-contrast and interference characteristics of blood cells based on a synchrotron x-ray imaging mechanism. The enhanced x-ray images were achieved by optimizing the sample-to-scintillator distance, the sample thickness, and hematocrit. The quantitative velocity fields of blood flows inside opaque tubes were obtained by applying a 2-frame PIV algorithm to the x-ray images of the blood flows. The measured velocity field data show typical features of blood flows such as the yield stress effect. The non-Newtonian flow characteristics of blood flows were analyzed using the x-ray PIV method and the experimental results were compared with hemodynamic models.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.142-148
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• 2016

To evaluate the effect of flip angle on flow rate measurements obtained with phase contrast MRI according to the flip angle degree in ascending aorta and velocity encoding (VENC) was (150 m/s). 1.5T MRI in patients 17 (female: 8, male: 9, mean age $57.9{\pm}15.4$) as a target by applying a non-breath holding techniques to flip angle VENC (150 cm/s) in each of the ascending aorta was measured by changing $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$. Blood was obtained a peak velocity, average velocity, net forward volume, net forward volume/body surface area. Ascending aorta from average velocity (AV) measured the average value of the flip angle $20^{\circ}$ (9.87 cm/s), $30^{\circ}$ (9.6 cm/s) and $40^{\circ}$ (10.05 cm/s). Blood flow VENC in was blood flow change in flip angle change was high most blood flow measurement when the flip angle $30^{\circ}$ in VENC, crouching each blood flow is also proportional to the increases in the $20^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$ and was increased, the deviation of the peak velocity and the average velocity is the smallest deviation from the flip angle $30^{\circ}$. Flip angle $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$ in peak velocity, average velocity, net forward volume, net forward volume/body surface area was no statistically significant difference (p > .05). Blood flow velocity and blood flow is measured by applying to adjust the flip angle accurately calculate the blood flow is important information for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and can help in the examination on the blood flow measurement.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.551-557
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and the features of metabolic syndrome, and differences according to sex in patients diagnosed cerebral infarction. The study group comprised 61 patients over age 30 who were diagnosed cerebral infarction, accompanied with metabolic syndrome. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, body mass index were measured. Also we checked past history of patients. Then we analyzed the association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and the features of metabolic syndrome. Pearson correlation analysis reflected the variables affecting the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as follows : Age, SBP(systolic blood pressure), DBP(diastolic blood pressure), FBS(fasting blood glucose) were positively correlated. As a result of regression analysis, in patients with cerebral infarction accompanied with metabolic syndrome, the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is affected by age to men, SBP, FBS, DBP to women. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is not affected by the components of metabolic syndrome, except blood pressure, FBS, in patients with ischemic stroke.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.820-832
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• 2019

Estimation of accurate blood volume flow in ultrasound Doppler blood flow spectrograms is extremely important for clinical diagnostic purposes. Blood volume flow measurements require the assessment of both the velocity distribution and the cross-sectional area of the vessel. Unfortunately, the existing volume flow estimation algorithms by ultrasound lack the velocity space distribution information in cross-sections of a vessel and have the problems of low accuracy and poor stability. In this paper, a new robust ultrasound volume flow estimation method based on multigate (RMG) is proposed and the multigate technology provides detail information on the local velocity distribution. In this method, an accurate double iterative flow velocity estimation algorithm (DIV) is used to estimate the mean velocity and it has been tested on in vivo data from carotid. The results from experiments indicate a mean standard deviation of less than 6% in flow velocities when estimated for a range of SNR levels. The RMG method is validated in a custom-designed experimental setup, Doppler phantom and imitation blood flow control system. In vitro experimental results show that the mean error of the RMG algorithm is 4.81%. Low errors in blood volume flow estimation make the prospect of using the RMG algorithm for real-time blood volume flow estimation possible.