• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2019

Background: Controlled hypotension (CH) provides a better surgical environment and reduces operative time. However, there are some risks related to organ hypoperfusion. The EV1000/FloTrac system can provide continuous cardiac output monitoring without the insertion of pulmonary arterial catheter. The present study investigated the efficacy of this device in double jaw surgery under CH. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent double jaw surgery between 2010 and 2015. Patients were administered conventional general anesthesia with desflurane; CH was performed with remifentanil infusion and monitored with an invasive radial arterial pressure monitor or the EV1000/FloTrac system. We allocated the patients into two groups, namely an A-line group and an EV1000 group, according to the monitoring methods used, and the study variables were compared. Results: Eighty-five patients were reviewed. The A-line group reported a higher number of failed CH (P = 0.005). A significant correlation was found between preoperative hemoglobin and intraoperative packed red blood cell transfusion (r = 0.525; P < 0.001). In the EV1000 group, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly lower 2 h after CH (P = 0.014), and the cardiac index significantly decreased 1 h after CH (P = 0.001) and 2 h after CH (P = 0.007). Moreover, venous oxygen saturation (ScVO₂) decreased significantly at both 1 h (P = 0.002) and 2 h after CH (P = 0.029); however, these values were within normal limits. Conclusion: The EV1000 group reported a lower failure rate of CH than the A-line group. However, EV1000/FloTrac monitoring did not present with any specific advantage over the conventional arterial line monitoring when CH was performed with the same protocol and same mean blood pressure. Preoperative anemia treatment will be helpful to decrease intraoperative transfusion. Furthermore, ScVO₂ monitoring did not present with sufficient benefits over the risk and cost.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1997

To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to determine associated risk factors, a population-based seroepidemiologic study was carried out. In 1993, a health examination survey of the population was carried out in rural area known to have a high incidence of liver cancer. The study population were those who volunteered to participate in a health survey over 10 years of age. Examinees were interviewed by specially trained staffs. Sera from 1,033 study subjects were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by .everse passive hemagglutinin (RPHA) estimation and for hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) by 2nd generation passive hemagglutinin (PHA) estimation. The age and sex standardized prevalence of HBsAg was 6.3% which was similar to national average, but that of anti-HCV was 5.1% which was 4 to 5 times higher than that of blood donors or other health examinees in Korea. In a multivariate analysis, transfusion history, surgical operative history, and acupuncture history were not associated with HBsAg positivity. In contrast, acupuncture history (adjusted odds ratio[OR]=2.2 : 95% Confidence interval[CI] 1.0-4.7) and surgical operative history(adjusted OR=2.0 : 95% CI 1.0-4.1) were associated with anti-HCV positivity. The present study suggest that there is an highly endemic area of HCV infection in Korea and probably this endemicity is associated with a parenteral source of HCV infection other than blood transfusion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.705-709
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• 2005

배경: 염증성 폐질환에 의해 발생한 객혈을 폐절제술로 치료한 후 임상 결과를 분석해보고자 한다 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 1월부터 2004년 5월까지 양성 폐질환에 의해 객혈이 발생하여 폐절제술로 치료한 총 45명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 수술 후 이환율에 미치는 술 전 요소들과 수술 후 객혈의 재발 요인들을 분석하였다. 환자의 평균 나이는 47.1세였고 평균 추적기간은 $35\pm34$개월이었다. 결과: 수술 후 조기 사망은 2명$(4.4\%)$이었다. 술 후 합병증은 8명의 환자에게서 발생하였다. 술 전 또는 술 중에 수혈이 이루어진 그룹에서 수술 후 합병증 발생률이 높았다(p=0.002). 특히 파괴성 폐결핵 환자에게서 술 전 및 술 중 수혈 가능성이 높았고(p=0.001)수술 전에 의의 있게 많은 양의 객혈이 발생하였으며(p=0.002) 전폐절제술이 시행될 가능성이 많았고(p=0.039) 수술 후 합병증의 빈도가 높았다(p=0.015). 전폐절제술을 시행한 환자에서 술 후 출혈로 인해 재수술의 시행이 많았다(p=0.047). 추적 관찰 중 5명의 환자에서 객혈이 재발하여 이 중 3명의 환자는 소실되었고 2명의 환자는 간헐적인 혈액흔적 가래(blood tinged sputum) 양상이 지속되고 있다. 위 2명의 환자는 결핵의 재발로 현재 치료 중이다. 걸론 수술 후 이환율을 높이는 질환으로 파괴성 폐결핵을 들 수 있으며 염증성 폐질환으로 인한 전폐절제술은 술 후 출혈에 대한 각별한 주의를 요한다. 향후 보다 많은 증례를 통해 수술 후 객혈의 재발에 대한 심도 있는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1076-1080
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• 1998

연구배경 : 자연성 기흉은 흉부외과 영역에서 흔히 접하게 되는 질환 중의 하나로서 주로 젊은 연령층의 키 크고 마른 남자의 경우 호발하며 뚜렷한 유발 인자 없이 기포의 파열로 인해 발생하나, 흉강 내 혈액이 같이 축적되는 자연성 혈기흉은 드문 질환 으로 알려져 있다. 재료 및 방법 : 인제대학교 부산백병원 흉부외과학 교실에서는 1990년부터 1997년까지 최근 8년간 자연성 혈기흉 15례를 경험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과 : 남녀 비는 14:1로 남자가 대부분이었으며 30대 이하가 14례로 전체의 93.3%를 차지하였다. 발생부위는 우측이 10례 좌측이 5례였으며 내원시 흉통 및 흉부 불쾌감, 호흡곤란 등을 호소하는 경우가 대부분 이였고 과다 출혈로 인한 쇼크 현상을 나타낸 경우가 1례 있었다. 원인으로는 유착 파열이 14례였으며 내인성 폐질환인 결핵이 1례였다. 전례에서 폐쇄식 흉강삽관술을 시행하여 대부분 특별한 문제없이 치유되었으나 전원되었던 1례에서 지속적인 출혈로 발병 3일 후 개흉술을 시행하였다. 그 외 폐쇄식 흉강삽관술로 치료한 30일 및 50일 후에 발생한 섬유흉과 동측의 기흉으로 늑막박피술과 폐쇄기절제술을 시행한 경우가 각 1례씩 있었다. 결론 : 자연성 혈기흉의 치료에는 흉강천자, 폐쇄식 흉강삽관술, 비디오 흉강경 수술, 개흉술 등이 있으며 발병 후 환자의 내원이 빠른 시간 내에 이루어지고 지속적 출혈이 없다면 단순한 폐쇄식 흉강삽관술 만으로도 대부분 특별한 합병증 없이 치료가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.354-358
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• 2018

수혈 준비 시 비예기 항체 선별검사를 통한 항체의 유무와 그 종류를 아는 것은 매우 중요하다. DiaMed-ID시스템을 이용하여 대전지역 일개 대학병원에 2016년 1월부터 2017년 12월까지 2년 동안 의뢰된 비예기 항체 선별검사 양성자 중에서 항체동정은 55명에서만 되었고 주로 여성에서 자주 동정되었다. Rh 36예(65.5%), Lewis 7예(12.7%), Kidd 4예(7.3%), Duffy 4예(7.3%), MNSs 3예(5.5%), Rh+Kidd 복합 1예(1.8%)가 동정되었는데, Rh 계열은 Anti-E 19예(34.5%), Anti-E/-c 4예(7.3%), Anti-C/-e 4예(7.3%), $Anti-E/-c/-Jk^b$ 1예(1.8%)가, Lewis 계열은 $Anti-Le^a$ 3예(5.5%), $Anti-Le^b$ 3예(5.5%), Kidd 계열은 $Anti-Jk^a$ 1예(1.8%), $Anti-Jk^b$ 3예(5.5%)가 동정되었다. Duffy와 MNSs 계열은 각각 $Anti-Fy^a$ 1예(1.8%), $Anti-Fy^b$ 3예(5.5%), Anti-M 2예(3.6%), Anti-S 1예(1.8%)가 동정되었다. 최근 대전의 비예기 항체 빈도와 분포가 반영된 이 연구는 효율적인 수혈준비에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2020

글란즈만 혈소판무력증(Glanzmann Thrombasthenia, GT)은 상염색체 열성 유전으로 나타나는 희귀한 선천성 질환으로 혈소판 기능에 이상이 있어 혈액 응고 장애를 보이며 대표적인 증상은 지혈이 잘 되지 않는 출혈이다. 1918년 소아과의사 글란즈만에 의해 처음보고 되었으며 글란즈만씨병(Glanzmann's disease)이라고도 불리 운다. GT는 남성과 여성에서 동등하게 나타나고, 중동, 인도 프랑스 등 근친결혼을 하는 곳에서 많이 발생하며, 대략 1,000,000명당 1명에서 발견된다. 우리나라에서는 2018년 질병관리본부 희귀질환과에 따르면 200여명의 환자가 보고되고 있다. 임상증상은 점상출혈, 반상출혈, 비 출혈, 치은 출혈 등이 관찰되고, 유치의 자발적 탈락에서도 수혈을 고려해야 할 정도의 출혈이 발생할 수 있다. 치료의 일반적인 목표는 출혈 예방과 지혈이다. 여러 가지 지혈을 위한 처치에도 출혈이 지속되면 혈소판 수혈을 해야 한다. 소아치과의사는 구강을 청결히 하여 치은염과 치아 우식증을 예방함으로써 치은 출혈을 최소화하고, 구강 위생과 규칙적인 치과 검진의 중요성을 주지시켜야 하며, 치과치료시 출혈에 대비한 치료계획의 수립 및 세심한 진료가 필요하다. GT를 동반한 만6세 여아로 치아우식증을 주소로 내원하여 아산화질소-산소를 이용한 흡입진정하에 레진수복을 시행하였으며 술 후 치료부위의 압박지혈이 필요하였다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2012

Purpose: Hemorrhage is a main cause of death in trauma patients. The goal of this study is to describe the characteristics of trauma patients with massive bleeding and to evaluate the prognostic factors concerning their survival. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively and included trauma patients with massive bleeding who had been treated from March 2007 to August 2012. The inclusion criterion was patients who received more than 10 U of packed red blood cells within the first 24 hours after visiting the emergency department. Based on their medical records, we collected data in terms of demographic findings, mechanisms of injury, initial clinical and laboratory findings, methods for hemostasis (emergency surgery and/or angioembolization), transfusion, injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS) and trauma and injury severity score (TRISS). We used the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test to compare the variables between the patients that survived and those that did not. We performed a logistic regression analysis with the significant variables from the univariate test. Results: Thirty-two(32) patients were enrolled. The main mechanisms of injury were falls and motor vehicle accidents. The mean transfusion amount of packed red blood cells (PRBC) was 17.4 U. The mean elapsed time for the first hemostasis (surgery or embolization) was 3.5 hours. The initial technical success rates were 83.3%(15/18) in angioembolization and 66.7%(8/12) in surgery. The overall mortality rate was 34.4%(11/32). The causes of death were bleeding, brain swelling and multiple organ failure. The ISS(25.5 vs 46.3, p=0.000), TRISS(73.6 vs 45.1, p=0.034) and base excess(<-12 mmol/L, p=0.020) were significantly different between the patients who survived and those who did not. Conclusion: The ISS was a prognostic factor for trauma patients with massive bleeding.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2009

Purpose: The number of patients who take warfarin is growing and so is the number of complications. Hemorrhage is the major complication, but the clinical characteristics and outcomes have not been determined for Korean patients. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the characteristics of the patients with hemorrhagic complications after taking warfarin as anticoagulation therapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients who visited the emergency room with bleeding complications after taking warfarin anticoagulation at the out-patient clinic for 1 year from 1 st January 2008. We compared between two groups (the major hemorrhage group vs. the minor hemorrhage group) according to the clinical criteria, the unstable vital signs that required blood transfusion, transfusion more than 2 units of blood, the need for further laboratory follow-up, the need for interventional treatment and the development of critical complications or death due to bleeding. Results: There were 150 patients who met the criteria and had acute hemorrhagic complications (the major group: 90 patients and the minor group: 60 patients). In the major hemorrhage group, the frequent sites of bleeding were the gastro-intestinal system (40 patients), lung (14 patients) and intracranium (7 patients). At the emergency room, the major group showed a higher initial INR of the activated prothrombin time than did the minor group (p=0.02). The bleeding sites of the fatal cases were the gastro-intestinal system (3 patients), lung (3 patients) and intracranium (3 patients), but the percentage of fatality was the highest for intracranium bleeding. Conclusion: In the major hemorrhage group, gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent complication and fatality was the highest for intracranium bleeding. An initially higher INR showed a greater risk of major bleeding, but not more fatalities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2857-2860
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• 2016

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is one of the important causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Thailand, involved in the pathogenesis and leading to a development of HCC with or without cirrhotic changes of the liver. This study was aimed to investigate the predictive factors for HCC among CHB patients in a tertiary care center in Thailand. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of CHB patients with or without HCC during the period of January 2009 and December 2014 at Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand. Data on clinical characteristics, biochemical tests and radiologic findings were collected from review of medical records. Results: A total of 266 patients were diagnosed with CHB in Thammasat university hospital during the study period. However, clinical information of only 164/266 CHB patients (98 males, 66 females with mean age of 49.4 years) could be completely retrieved in this study. The prevalence of HCC in CHB infection in this study was 38/164 (23.2%). CHB patients with HCC had a mean age older than those without HCC (59.5 vs 47 years, P-value = 0.01). Furthermore, history of upper GI bleeding, tattooing, blood transfusion, and chronic alcoholism were significantly more common in CHB patients with HCC than patients without HCC (13.2% vs 3.2% P-value 0.03, OR = 4.6, 95%CI = 1.2-18.1, 20% vs 3.9%, P-value = 0.01, OR= 6.1, 95% CI= 1.6-23.6, 20% vs 6.3%, P-value = 0.03, OR = 3.8, 95%CI =1.1-12.7, 62.2% vs 30.3%, P-value <0.0001, OR = 3.7, 95%CI= 1.7-8.1 respectively). Interestingly, more CHB patients with HCC had evidence of cirrhosis than those without HCC (78.9% vs 20.4%, P-value <0.0001, OR = 14.6, 95%CI = 5.8-36.7). In CHB patients with HCC, surgical therapy provided longer survival than radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (72 vs 46.5 months, P-value= 0.04). The mean survival time after HCC diagnosis was 17.2 months. Conclusions: HCC remains a major problem among patients with CHB infection in Thailand. Possible risk factors are male gender, history of upper GI bleeding, chronic alcoholism, tattooing, blood transfusion and evidence of cirrhosis. For early stage HCC patients, surgical treatment provided longer survival time than RFA. Most HCC patients presented with advanced disease and had a grave prognosis. Appropriate screening of CHB patients at risk for HCC might be an appropriate approach for early detection and improvement of long-term outcomes.

• 대한수혈학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2012

저자들은 항체동정검사 효소법에서 항체 반응이 소실된 항-$Jk^a$ 2예를 경험하여 보고하는 바이다. 첫 번째 환자는 72세 여자로 간경화와 대장암 환자였으며, 두 번째 환자는 55세 여자로 골수이형성증후군과 불완전형베체트병 환자였다. LISS/Coombs gel card (DiaMed AG, Cressoer sur Morat, Swotzerland)법을 이용한 항체동정검사에서 $Jk^a$ 항원을 가진 적혈구의 반응은 음성에서 1+이었고, 효소처리 적혈구에서는 예상과 달리 모두 음성이 었다. 환자의 Kidd 표현형은 Jk(a-b+)이었다. 저자들은 이 환자의 혈청을 효소 처리된 $Jk^a+$ 적혈구 및 EDTA와 함께 반응시킨 결과 양성으로 나옴을 확인하였고, 효소처리 적혈구의 반응이 음성인 이유는 보체에 의한 억제반응으로 생각하였다.