• Title/Summary/Keyword: Blood pressure measurement

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Respiratory Air Flow Transducer Applicable to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Procedure (인공심폐소생술에 활용 가능한 호흡기류센서)

  • Kim, Kyung-Ah;Lee, In-Kwang;Lee, You-Mi;Yu, Hee;Kim, Young-Il;Han, Sang-Hyun;Cha, Eun-Jong
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.62 no.6
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    • pp.833-839
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    • 2013
  • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed by thoracic compression and artificial ventilation for the patient under emergent situation to maintain at least the minimum level of respiration and blood circulation for life survival. Good quality CPR requires monitoring respiration, however, traditional respiratory air flow transducers cannot be used because the transducer elements are facing the whole area perpendicular to the flow axis. The present study developed a new air flow transducer conveniently applicable to CPR. Specially designed "sensing rod" samples the air velocity at 3 different locations of the flow cross-section, then transforms into average dynamic pressure by the Bernoulli's law. The symmetric structure of the sensing holes of the sensing rod enables bi-directional measurement simply by taking the difference in pressure by a commercial differential pressure transducer. Both inspiratory and expiratory flows were obtained with symmetric measurement characteristics. Quadratic curve fitting provided excellent calibration formula with a correlation coefficient>0.999 (P<0.0001) and the mean relative error<1%. The present results can be usefully applied to accurately monitor the air flow rate during CPR.

Relationship of Mean Arterial Pressure with the Adverse Outcomes in Adult Blunt Trauma Patients: Cross-sectional Study (성인둔상환자에서 평균동맥압과 위해사건발생의 관련성:단면 조사 연구)

  • Cha, Seung Yong;Kim, Yong Hwan;Hong, Chong Kun;Lee, Jun Ho;Cho, Kwang Won;Hwang, Seong Youn;Lee, Kyoung Yul;Lee, Younghwan;Choi, Seong Hee
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: Non-invasive blood pressure measurement is widely used as a pre-hospital triage tool for blunt trauma patients. However, scant data exits for using the mean arterial pressure (MAP), compared to the systolic blood pressure, as a guiding index. The aim of this study was to determine the association between adverse outcomes and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and to exhibit the therapeutic range of the MAP in adult blunt trauma patients. Methods: The electronic medical records for all trauma patients in a single hospital from January 2010 to September 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients below 17 years of age, patients with penetrating injuries, and patients with serious head trauma (injuries containing any skull fractures or any intracranial hemorrhages) were excluded. Adverse outcomes were defined as one of the following: death in the Emergency Department (ED), admission via operating theater, admission to the intensive care unit, transfer to another hospital for emergency surgery, or discharge as hopeless. Results: There were 14,537 patients who met entry criteria. Adverse outcomes occurred for MAPs in range from 90 to 120 mmHg. Adverse outcomes were found, after adjusting for confounding variables, to occur increasingly as the MAP declined below 90 mmHg or rose above 120 mmHg. Conclusion: Not only lower but also higher mean arterial pressure is associated with increased adverse outcomes in adult blunt trauma patients. Thus, patients with a MAP above 120 mmHg should be considered as a special group requiring higher medical attention, just as those with a MAP below 90 mmHg are.

The Effect of Isoflavone Supplement on Plasma Lipids & Antioxidant Status in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women (고지혈증인 폐경 후 여성에서 이소플라본 보충이 혈청 지질 농도 및 항산화능에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jong-Ho;Kim, Eun-Mi;Chae, Ji-Sook;Jang, Yang-Soo;Lee, Jin-Hee;Lee, Geun
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.603-612
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    • 2003
  • Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease. This is due to primarily dyslipidemia accompanying the loss of estrogen secretion. Soy isoflavones are known to have weak estrogenic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether isoflavone supplement improves the risk of cardiovascular disease in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Subjects consisted of 39 Korean postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol $\geq$ 200 mg/㎗ or LDL cholesterol $\geq$ 130 mg/㎗). Subjects were divided into 2 groups; placebo group (PG), isoflavone supplement group (IG). During 12 weeks, subjects were given placebo and 80mg isoflavone daily. Anthropometric measurement, blood sample analysis and dietary intake measurement were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (p < 0.01) and plasma HDL cholesterol level was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in IG. But there were no significant changes in plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels after isoflavone supplementation. There was a negative correlation between initial plasma HDL cholesterol level and the extent of plasma HDL cholesterol reduction in IG (r=-0.572, p=0.012). Atherogenic index (AI), total-/LDL- cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio were improved significantly after isoflavone supplementation. In subjects whose initial plasma LDL cholesterol level were above 160 mg/㎗, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level were decreased and total antioxidant status (TAS) were increased significantly after isoflavone supplement (p < 0.05). However there were no significant changes in flow-mediated dilator (FMD), the marker of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and nitroglycerine-mediated dilator (NMD), the marker of endothelium-independent vasodilation and the extent of DNA damage after isoflavone supplement. In conclusion, these results indicate that isoflavone supplement may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease via improving blood pressure, HDL cholesterol level and AI in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Futhermore, in case of subjects with elevated LDL cholesterol level, isoflavone supplementation may have more antiatherogenic effects via improving antioxidant status.

The Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Systemic Blood Pressure, Cardiac Rhythm and the Changes of Urinary (폐쇄성 수면 무호흡이 전신성 혈압, 심조율 및 요 Catecholamines 농도 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Lo, Dae-Keun;Choi, Young-Mee;Song, Jeong-Sup;Park, Sung-Hak;Moon, Hwa-Sik
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.153-168
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    • 1998
  • Background: The existing data indicate that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome contributes to the development of cardiovascular dysfunction such as systemic hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias, and the cardiovascular dysfunction has a major effect on high long-term mortality rate in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. To a large extent the various studies have helped to clarify the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea, but many basic questions still remain unanswered. Methods: In this study, the influence of obstructive sleep apnea on systemic blood pressure, cardiac rhythm and urinary catecholamines concentration was evaluated. Over-night polysomnography, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and ECG monitoring, and measurement of urinary catecholamines, norepinephrine (UNE) and epinephrine (UEP), during waking and sleep were undertaken in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients group (OSAS, n=29) and control group (Control, n=25). Results: 1) In OSAS and Control, UNE and UEP concentrations during sleep were significantly lower than during waking (P<0.01). In UNE concentrations during sleep, OSAS showed higher levels compare to Control (P<0.05). 2) In OSAS, there was a increasing tendency of the number of non-dipper of nocturnal blood pressure compare to Control (P=0.089). 3) In both group (n=54), mean systolic blood pressure during waking and sleep showed significant correlation with polysomnographic data including apnea index (AI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), arterial oxygen saturation nadir ($SaO_2$ nadir) and degree of oxygen desaturation (DOD). And UNE concentrations during sleep were correlated with AI, AHI, $SaO_2$ nadir, DOD and mean diastolic blood pressure during sleep. 4) In OSAS with AI>20 (n==14), there was a significant difference of heart rates before, during and after apneic events (P<0.01), and these changes of heart rates were correlated with the duration of apnea (P<0.01). The difference of heart rates between apneic and postapneic period (${\Delta}HR$) was significantly correlated with the difference of arterial oxygen saturation between before and after apneic event (${\Delta}SaO_2$) (r=0.223, P<0.001). 5) There was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias between OSAS and Control In Control, the incidence of ventricular ectopy during sleep was significantly lower than during waking. But in OSAS, there was no difference between during waking and sleep. Conclusion : These results suggested that recurrent hypoxia and arousals from sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may increase sympathetic nervous system activity, and recurrent hypoxia and increased sympathetic nervous system activity could contribute to the development of cardiovascular dysfunction including the changes of systemic blood pressure and cardiac function.

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Analysis of Arterial Stiffness by Age Using Pulse Waveform Measurement of 5-levels Graded Pressure (5단계 가압 맥파측정에 의한 연령별 혈관 경화도 분석)

  • Kwon, Sun-Min;Kang, Hee-Jung;Yim, Yun-Kyoung;Lee, Yong-Heum
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.107-120
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : The aim of this study is to measure pulse waveforms by applying 5-level graded pressure, and selecting optimum pulse waveforms. Also to proposing the possibility of using AW(Area of the 1/3 upper height of h1) rate in respect to AT(Total Area) for risk assessment of hypertension or arteriosclerosis is another aim of the study. Methods : Pulse waveforms of normotensive were measured by 5-level graded pressure. The pulse waveforms well reflecting properties of blood vessel(having the largest h1) were selected for optimum pulse waveforms. Various parameters(h-parameter, t-parameter, and others) of optimum pulse waveforms were analyzed. AIx(Augmentation index) was calculated by height-parameters to assess arterial stiffness. The area rate of the 1/3 upper height for h1 in respect to total area was analyzed according to aging. Results : According to aging 1. in height-parameter, h2 and h3 were increased but h5 was decreased. 2. In time-parameter, t2, t3, and t5 were getting short. 3. Area of systolic period was increased, and that of diastolic period decreased. 4. AIx rose by aging. 5. AW was significantly increased despite no changes in AT. Conclusions : By analyzing optimum pulse waveforms of 5-level graded pressure method, we could complement weakness of single graded pressure method. Also, possibility of applying the AW rate to risk assessment of hypertension or arteriosclerosis was confirmed in normotensive population which might not be assessed by AIx.

Effect of Exercise Program of a Public Health Subcenter for Middle and Old Aged Women in an Urban Area (장.노년기 여성의 운동 프로그램 시행 전.후의 신체계측치와 혈액검사치의 변화 비교- 일개 도시 보건지소를 중심으로 -)

  • Gueon, Jun-Gyeong;Lee, Kyeong-Soo;Hwang, Tae-Yoon;Sohn, Seok-Joon;Kim, Kyoung-Won;Jang, Eun-Jin
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.359-367
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    • 2009
  • Objectives: This study was to identify the changes of body fat, blood pressure, blood glucose and serum lipid of middle and old aged women after participation in exercise program which includes aerobic(dance sports) and anaerobic(dumbbell gymnastics) exercises. Methods: One hundred women aged from 55 to 72 were surveyed before and after an exercise program. The exercise program was provided to the subjects performed during 6 months from July, 2007 to December, 2007 at a public health subcenter in Gumi City. Questionnaire survey for general characteristics, anthropometric measurement and blood test were taken before starting the program and anthropometric measurement and blood test after completing the program. Results: Body Weight, body fat and blood pressure showed significant change after the exercise program(p<0.05). Additionally in total glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride significant change was observed(p>0.05). Waite circumference decreased, however did not show statistically significant difference. Conclusions: It was effective to participate in dance sports and dumbbell gymnastics exercise regularly. All of the positive changes through the study showed that there should be the program for middle and old aged women to exercise actively and also the middle and old aged women need have a active exercise habits as regular as possible. Additional studies confirming the results of this study are needed to compare the effects of the dance sports and dumbbell gymnastics exercise on the other age groups.

An Analysis on Risk Factors of Colon Polyps with Health Examination Examinees (건강검진 대상자에서 대장용종의 위험요인 분석)

  • Park, Yoen-Hwa;Yu, Ji-Hyun;Lee, Tae-Yong
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.1641-1649
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    • 2014
  • This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of colon polyps and also risk factors of colon polyps. Among health examination examinees, 508 people were included who underwent colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography at the same time. Physical measurements also performed such as height, weight, blood pressure, waist measurement and BMI. General characteristics including age, sex, smoking, drinking and exercise as a risk factors were checked. At the same time, we analyzed various blood tests and fasting blood sugar through blood-gathering. In the results, regarding risk factors of colon polyps, AST, ALT, TC, fatty liver, obesity and smoking were shown significantly high. As a dependent variable with colon polyps, the highest relation was fatty liver(3.4 times), and then T-C(2.3 times). Smoking factor showed 2.3 times higher relation than non-smokers.

Development of Korean Medicine Data Center(KDC) Teaching Dataset to Enhance Utilization of KDC (한의임상정보은행 활용도 제고를 위한 교육용 데이터 개발)

  • Baek, Younghwa;Lee, Siwoo
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.242-247
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    • 2017
  • Objective Korean medicine Data Center (KDC) has established large-scale biological and clinical data based on Korean medicine to demonstrate and validate its theory. The aim of this study was to develop KDC teaching dataset and user guideline to improve utilization of the KDC. Method KDC teaching dataset were selected using stratified random sampling according to the Sasang constitution (SC). This dataset included 72 variables of 500 sample subjects. The user guideline described how to conducted eight statistical analysis methods using the teaching dataset. Results The KDC teaching dataset was sampled from 200(40%) Taeeumin, 125(25%) Soeumin, and 175(35%) Soyanain. It was consisted of questionnaire (basic, habit, disease, symptom), physical exam (body measurement, blood pressure), blood exam, and expert' SC diagnosis. The usage guidelines provided instruction for users to perform several statistical analysis step by step with KDC teaching dataset. Conclusion We hope that our results will contribute to enhancing KDC utilization and understanding.

Effects of Individualized Cardiac Health Education on Self Care Behavior and Serum Cholesterol in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (심장병 관리 개별교육이 관상동맥질환자의 자가간호수행과 혈중 콜레스테롤에 미치는 효과)

  • Cho, Hye-Young;Kim, Hee-Seung
    • Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.322-328
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an individualized cardiac health education on self-care behavior and serum cholesterol levels patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: Twenty-two patients in the intervention group and 22 in the control group were assigned randomly in this study. The intervention group received an individualized cardiac health education program which consisted of four different sessions for a total of four sessions. Specifically, two sessions occurred during the patients' hospitalization with a third session at the time of discharge with a fourth session scheduled via telephone one week post discharge. Data were collected through a questionnaire for self-care behavior and a blood test for total cholesterol at the time of admission and the two weeks after discharge. The questionnaire for self-care behavior was a standardized instrument and serum cholesterol was measured by Accutrend GC (Roche, Germany). Results: Self-care behavior scores included diet, medication, exercise, risk factor, blood pressure measurement, and visits to hospital were significantly more in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that the individualized cardiac health education was effective in increasing of self-care behavior.

Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors related to Severity of Coronary Artery Diseases in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (한국인 급성 심근경색증 환자의 관상동맥 중증도에 영향을 미치는 대사증후군 위험요인)

  • Cho, Sook Hee;Choi, Myung Ja;Jeong, Myung Ho
    • Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.171-181
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MS), and to examine factors affecting the severity of coronary artery diseases in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: A total of 894 patients who had admitted C national university hospital from 2008 to 2010 participated in this study. Collected data were lipid profiles, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS) level, participants' demographic data and other risk factors by interview, measurement, and review of participants' medical records. MS was defined according to modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and Asia-Pacific Criteria. Results: The participants' mean age was 64.7 (${\pm}11.0$) years and 65% was male patients. The participants' with MS was 37.6% in men and 71.4% in women. According to binary logistic regression analysis, high FBS (95% CI 1.7-2.0) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (95% CI 1.1-1.9) were independent predictors of severe coronary artery disease. Conclusion: These risk factors of severe coronary artery disease will be utilized as an important basic data in part of management, education, and countermeasure of patients with both MS and AMI.