• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.467-481
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical characteristics, intake of energy, and nutrients by household income levels of Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Methods: Data from the 6th (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) were used for the study. A total of 1,839 (966 boys, 873 girls) subjects were included, and they were divided into four income groups according to their household income level. We examined general characteristics (gender, region of residence, skipping or not-skipping breakfast, lunch, dinner, frequency of eating-out), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, weight status), biochemical characteristics (fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), the quantitative intake of energy and nutrients using the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRI), and the qualitative intake evaluated by the nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) of the four groups. Results: There were significant differences by income group within the region of residence and the rate of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The low-income group had a higher rate of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner. According to the income group, there was a difference in the height of boys, and there was no difference in the weight and obesity of boys and girls. In the biochemical characteristics, only the hematocrit of girls showed differences by income group. The quantitative intake of energy and nutrients compared with KDRI differed by income group. There were differences in energy, carbohydrates, proteins, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and phosphorus levels in boys and protein, vitamin A, niacin, and sodium levels in girls. The qualitative intake of energy and nutrients examined using NAR and MAR also differed according to the income group. The NAR showed differences in calcium in boys and vitamin C and calcium in girls. The MAR revealed differences in both boys and girls by income group. Conclusions: Among adolescents in the low-income group, the rate of skipping meals was high, and the quantitative and qualitative intake of energy and some nutrients was low. It is suggested that the nutritional intake can be improved by lowering the rate of skipping breakfast, lunch, dinner. We suggest that even just providing breakfast in schools can be considered highly effective in improving the rate of avoidance of skipping meals and improving nutrient intake. Also, we suggest that it is necessary to improve the food environment, food availability, and food accessibility through national and social support for low-household income adolescents.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2022

본 연구는 연어(Oncorhynchus keta) 치어의 성장, 생존 및 혈액 성상에 미치는 염분 농도의 영향을 파악하고자 실시되었다. 실험은 염분 농도 0, 10, 20 및 30‰에서 30일간 실시되었으며 3반복으로 진행되었다. 4주 후 생존율은 0, 10 및 20‰ 실험구에서 87.5% 이상이었으나, 30‰ 실험구는 75%로 유의한 감소를 보였다. 증중율(Weight gain), 일간 성장률(specific growth rate), 사료효율(feed efficiency), 일간 사료섭식량(daily feed intake), 일간 단백질섭취율(daily protein intake), 단백질효율(protein efficiency ratio)은 10‰ 실험구에서 가장 높았다. 혈장성분 중 ALT(alanine aminotransferase)는 10, 20 및 30‰ 실험구가 0‰ 실험구에 비해서 유의한 감소를 보였으나, Na⁺ (sodium)과 Cl^- (chloride)는 유의한 증가를 보였다. 또한, 실험기간 중 TP (total protein)과 K⁺ (potassium)은 변동을 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 연어 치어(11~33 g)의 성장과 생존에 적합한 최적의 염분 농도는 10‰로 보이나, 혈액 성상의 영향은 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.306-314
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• 2022

Background: Due to the rapid aging of the South Korean population, neurological diseases such as dementia are increasing. Many studies have reported that the incidence of dementia is associated with environmental factors along with age. Objectives: This study analyzed the association between cognitive function and ten heavy metals in the body: arsenic, aluminum, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, zinc, and lead. Methods: From 2018 to 2019, a total of 120 participants who suffered from cognitive impairment were recruited for this study. Blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Demographic information was obtained through face-to-face questionnaires completed by a trained investigator. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Korean version of the Boston Name Waiting Test. The associations between cognitive function scores and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The average age of the 120 participants was 72.7 years, and 69.2% were female. The mean of the MMSE-K and K-BNT scores were 22.9 and 37.9, respectively. The geometric mean of aluminum (Al) was 8.42 ㎍/L. MMSE-K was associated with iron (Fe), but the significance was removed in the logistic regression based on 24 points. K-BNT was significantly associated with aluminum and the odds ratio for K-BNT above 38 decreased by 45% as the aluminum concentration increased. Conclusions: The association between aluminum and the K-BNT score indicated that aluminum is associated with language-related cognitive decline. Based on this result, further study will be conducted by considering co-exposure effects of heavy metals including aluminum.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.228-240
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cocoa consumption is associated with health benefits due to its high content of polyphenols. However, the effects of short-term cocoa consumption remain unclear. We aimed to determine the effects generated by cocoa consumption (for 7 days) in young adults in normoweight and class II obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Before-and-after study was carried out in normoweight (NW) (n = 15) and class II obesity (CIIO) (n = 15) young adults. The NW and CIIO participants consumed 25 and 39 g of cocoa, respectively, per day for 7 days. The effect of cocoa consumption was evaluated on the lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation. Oxidative damage was also examined by assessing the biomarkers of oxidative damage in plasma. In addition, recombinant human insulin was incubated with blood obtained from the participants, and the molecular damage to the hormone was analyzed. RESULTS: Cocoa consumption resulted in decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both groups (P = 0.04), while the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were maintained at the recommended levels. Initially, IR was detected in the CIIO group (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] = 4.78 ± 0.4), which is associated with molecular damage to insulin. Interestingly, intervention with cocoa resulted in improved IR (HOMA = 3.14 ± 0.31) (P = 0.0018) as well as molecular damage to insulin. Finally, cocoa consumption significant decreased the arginase activity (P = 0.0249) in the CIIO group; this is a critical enzymatic activity in the inflammatory process associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term consumption of cocoa improves the lipid profile, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and protects against oxidative damage. Results of this study indicate that cocoa consumption can potentially improve IR and restore a healthy redox status.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 65세 이상 고령자를 대상으로 대사증후군 진단을 위한 지질비율 지표의 유용성을 비교하고자 하였다. 2018년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지 서울지역 종합병원에서 건강검진을 받은 65세 이상 1,464명을 대상으로 하였다. 혈액검사를 통해 혈장 동맥경화 지수를 포함한 지질비율 지표를 측정하였다. 지질비율 지표의 사분위수에 따른 대사증후군 유병률은 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 확인하였다. 또한 수신자 조작 특성(receiver operating characteristic, ROC) 곡선으로 지질비율 지표의 대사증후군 예측능력과 절단값을 추정하였다. 동맥경화 지수와 허리둘레의 상관성이 남녀 모두에서 가장 높았으며(r=0.278, p<0.001 vs r=0.252, p<0.001), 지질비율 지표는 1사분위수와 비교하여 4사분위수에서 대사증후군 발병률이 높았다. 혈장 동맥경화 지수는 다른 지질비율 지표보다 ROC 곡선 아래의 면적(area under the ROC curve; AUC)값이 남녀 각각 0.826(95% CI=0.799-0.850), 0.852(95% CI=0.820-0.881)로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 최적 절단값은 남녀 모두 0.44였다(p<0.001). 따라서 지질비율 지표 중 혈장 동맥경화 지수는 65세 이상 고령자의 대사증후군 진단에 가장 유용한 지표로 나타났다.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was aimed to assess the distribution of Sasang constitution(SC) in acute stroke patients. Methods : We assessed the type of SC of acute stroke patients in the oriental medical hospitals of 3 universities located in metropolitan region from October 2005 to October 2006 by Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Clssification II(QSCCII). We investigated general characteristics, stroke type, blood test results, alcohol drinking, smoking and dietary preferences according to SC. Results : 236 subjects were included into the final analysis. 1. This study showed that the proportion of So-yang was highest of all constitutions(45.3%). And the body weight, body mass index, the waist circumference(WC), the hip circumference(HC), and the WC/HC ratio recorded the significantly high result in Tae-eum. 2. In the TOAST classification, SVO was the major type occupying 81.7% in the total subjects. 3. In Tae-eum, total cholesterol, triglyceride and 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose level were the highest and fasting glucose was significantly highest of all constitutions. Conclusion : From this study, we could roughly seize the distribution of Sasang constitution in acute stroke patients. For the further research, it seems to be necessary to construct fundamental databases for stroke by increasing the number of patients and by analyzing delicate characteristics of each constitution type.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2012

Oxygen is the final acceptor of electron transport from fat and carbohydrate oxidation, which is the rate-limiting factor for cellular ATP production. Under altitude hypoxia condition, energy reliance on anaerobic glycolysis increases to compensate for the shortfall caused by reduced fatty acid oxidation [1]. Therefore, training at altitude is expected to strongly influence the human metabolic system, and has the potential to be designed as a non-pharmacological or recreational intervention regimen for correcting diabetes or related metabolic problems. However, most people cannot accommodate high altitude exposure above 4500 M due to acute mountain sickness (AMS) and insulin resistance corresponding to a increased levels of the stress hormones cortisol and catecholamine [2]. Thus, less stringent conditions were evaluated to determine whether glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity could be improved by moderate altitude exposure (below 4000 M). In 2003, we and another group in Austria reported that short-term moderate altitude exposure plus endurance-related physical activity significantly improves glucose tolerance (not fasting glucose) in humans [3,4], which is associated with the improvement in the whole-body insulin sensitivity [5]. With daily hiking at an altitude of approximately 4000 M, glucose tolerance can still be improved but fasting glucose was slightly elevated. Individuals vary widely in their response to altitude challenge. In particular, the improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by prolonged altitude hiking activity is not apparent in those individuals with low baseline DHEA-S concentration [6]. In addition, hematopoietic adaptation against altitude hypoxia can also be impaired in individuals with low DHEA-S. In short-lived mammals like rodents, the DHEA-S level is barely detectable since their adrenal cortex does not appear to produce this steroid [7]. In this model, exercise training recovery under prolonged hypoxia exposure (14-15% oxygen, 8 h per day for 6 weeks) can still improve insulin sensitivity, secondary to an effective suppression of adiposity [8]. Genetically obese rats exhibit hyperinsulinemia (sign of insulin resistance) with up-regulated baseline levels of AMP-activated protein kinase and AS160 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle compared to lean rats. After prolonged hypoxia training, this abnormality can be reversed concomitant with an approximately 50% increase in GLUT4 protein expression. Additionally, prolonged moderate hypoxia training results in decreased diffusion distance of muscle fiber (reduced cross-sectional area) without affecting muscle weight. In humans, moderate hypoxia increases postprandial blood distribution towards skeletal muscle during a training recovery. This physiological response plays a role in the redistribution of fuel storage among important energy storage sites and may explain its potent effect on changing body composition. Conclusion: Prolonged moderate altitude hypoxia (rangingfrom 1700 to 2400 M), but not acute high attitude hypoxia (above 4000 M), can effectively improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance for humans and antagonizes the obese phenotype in animals with a genetic defect. In humans, the magnitude of the improvementvaries widely and correlates with baseline plasma DHEA-S levels. Compared to training at sea-level, training at altitude effectively decreases fat mass in parallel with increased muscle mass. This change may be associated with increased perfusion of insulin and fuel towards skeletal muscle that favors muscle competing postprandial fuel in circulation against adipose tissues.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.137-154
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• 1997

골격근의 과축적 당원의 운동 중 이용 양상과 골격근의 구성 섬유 특성에 따른 당원의 이용 양상을 규명한 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 정상 군의 당원 농도는 가자미근에서 $4.57{\pm}0.34mg/gm\;wet\;wt.$(이하 동일 단위)였으며 적색 비복근은 $5.11{\pm}0.24$, 족척근은 $6.55{\pm}0.20$으로서 족척근이 가장 높았다. 가자미근의 당원 농도는 운동 부하 후 당투여 1시간 군에서 정상 군에 비해서 약 1.9배 높았으며 적색 비복근은 1.8배 높았다. 족척근의 당원 농도는 운동 후 당 투여 군에서 정상 군과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 각 당원 농도는 정상군에서 $41.0{\pm}1.47$이였으며 대조 군에서는 정상군의 2.9%에 불과했으나 당투여 1시간, 2시간 및 운동 부하 후 당투여 1시간 군등 모든 군의 당원농도는 정상 군의 19 - 32%의 범위 내에 있었다. 혈당 및 인슐린은 운동 부하 후 당 투여 군에서 가장 높았으며 유리 지방산은 대조군 및 당투여 2시간군에서 높았다. 운동 부하 중 가자미근 및 적색 비복근의 당원감소는 초 과축적 당원군, 과축적군 및 정상 군에서 다같이 운동 부하 첫 30분에 급격하였으나 초 과축적군에서 더 급격하였다. 운동 부하 30분에서 60분 사이에는 초 과축적군 및 정상 군에서 다같이 당원 감소는 거의 없었으나 과축적군에서는 지속적인 감소 상을 보였다. 간 당원은 정상 군에서 가장 급격한 감소를 보였으며 골격근과는 달리 운동 부하 60분간 지속적으로 감소하였다. 초 과축적당원군의 간 당원 농도는 변화가 없거나 증가하는 경향이었다. 운동 부하 중 혈당은 모든 실험군에서 감소하였으며 인슐린은 운동 부하 후 당투여 군에서 감소하였다. 혈중 유리 지방산 농도는 모든 군에서 증가하였으며 운동 부하 후 당투여 군에서 가장 낮았다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1990

간-부분절제후 재생과정에서 간 polyamine 대사에 교감신경계가 촉진적으로 간여하는지를 확인하기 위하여 본 실험을 시행하였다. Guanethidine 25mg/kg를 1회 (G-1), 또는 매일 1회씩 3(G-3), 5(G-5) 및 6일간(G-6) 각각 복강내-주사하고, diethyl ether 마취하에서 웅성 백서의 간을 부분$(70.4{\pm}1.99%)$-절제하여, 절제 전후의 혈압, 혈장 catecholamine치 및 간 polyamine 함량의 변동을 검토하여 다음의 성적을 얻었다. 1. 백서 꼬리에서 측정한 정상 수축기 혈압은 $98.0{\pm}3.9mmHg$이며, 이는 G-1에 별 영향을 받지 않았으나, G-3, G-5 및 G-6에 의하여는 25% 이상 현저히 저하되었다. 2. 혈장 norepinephrine 및 epinephrine치는 간-부분절제하고 3시간 후에 각각 $20.38{\pm}2.23pmole/ml$ 및 $56.06\pm4.63pmole/ml$로써 현저한 증가를 보였으며 그 증가율은 G-1 및 G-6에 의하여 80.46% 이상 현저히 억제되었다. 3. 간-부분절제 전의 putrescine, spermidine 및 spermine 함량은 각각 $118.6{\pm}14.1$, $873.8{\pm}27.7$ 및 $875.6{\pm}42.1nmole/g$ wet liver로서 절제후 6시간에 각각 5.5배, 1.5배 및 1.3배 이상 증가되었으며, putrescine의 증가만이 G-6에 의하여 유의하게 억제되었을 뿐 guanethidine-전처치에 별 영향을 받지않았다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어 볼 때, 간-부분절제후 재생과정에서 나타나는 polyamine대사의 촉진현상에 교감신경성 catecholamine들이 직접적으로 중요한 역할을 수행한다고 보기는 어렵다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.613-620
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• 1999

배경: 최근 항암제의 전신성 독성을 최소화 하면서 고농도의 항암제를 투여할 수 있는 방법으로서 항암제의 국소 관류 혹은 장기의 분리 관류 방법이 다시 연구되고 있다. 폐암의 항암제로 널리 사용되고 있는 cisplatin 을 사용하여 분리 폐 관류를 시행하였을 때 폐에 미치는 약물학적 및 병리학적 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 25마리의 가토를 I군 10마리, II군 15마리로 나눈다음, 각 군을 다시 5마리씩 2, 3개의 소 군으로 나누어 I군에서는 cisplatin 5 mg/kg을 정맥주사와 분리 폐 관류한 후 30분 경과하였을 때의 폐, 신장 및 혈장 에서의 platinum 농도를 비교하였고, II군의 첫번째 5마리에서는 10% pentastarch 용액만으로 분리 폐 관류 후 30분, 1주일째의 병리학적 변화를 관찰하였으며, II군의 두 번째 5마리에서는 cisplatin 5 mg/kg으로 분리 폐 관류 후 30분, 1주일째, II군의 나머지 5마리에서는 cisplatin분리 폐 관류 후 4주일째의 병리학적 소견을 비교 관찰 하였다. 결과: Cisplatin 5 mg/Kg을 정맥 주입한 군에서 폐와 신장 조직, 혈장에서의 평균 platinum 농도 는 각각 1.50$\pm$0.43 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 7.65$\pm$2.49 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1.19$\pm$0.03 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml로서 신장 조직에서 platinum 농도가 가장 높았으며 (p< 0.05), 폐 조직과 혈장에서는 비슷하였다. 그러나 Cisplatin 5 mg/Kg을 분리 폐 관류한 군에서의 platinum 농도는 폐, 신장, 혈장에서 각각 75.43$\pm$11.47 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1.30$\pm$0.35 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 0.13$\pm$0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml로서 분리 폐 관류 군의 폐 조직에서의 platinum 농도는 정맥주입 군에서 보다 약 50배 가량 높게 측정되었으며, 신장 조직 및 혈장에 서는 현저히 낮게 측정되었다(p< 0.05). 분리 폐 관류 후의 폐 조직의 병리학적 변화는 pentastarch 용액과 cisplatin을 사용한 군 모두에서 비슷한 소견을 나타냈다. 즉, 관류 직후인 30분에는 경미한 간질성 부종 외에 는 비교적 정상적인 소견을 보였으며, 1주일 이상 4주까지에서는 비교적 폐포는 정상적 구조를 유지하면서 부분적으로 소폐동맥 중막의 비후와 간질에 호산구 침윤의 소견이 특징적으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 분리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다