• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.179-204
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of Goiwhasan extract powder on the gastric injuries, antiulcer, gastrointestinal tract and blood hemostasis. Animals were used through this studies mice and rats. All animals were divided into 3 groups, contol group(no treatment), sample Ⅰ group(375mg/kg administration), sample Ⅱ group(750mg/kg administration). The gastric injuries and ulcer have been made by using pyloric ligation, indomethacin, HCI-ethanol, acetic acid and then The histological observation was followed. In the gastrointestinal tract, gastric juice secretion, gastric acidity, pepsin output, blood gastrin and secretin level, transport potentials in the small and large intestine were checked. And studies on blood hemostasis were performed on normal hemostatic activities and plasma prothrombin time, plasma recalcification time, plasma fibrinogen levels in the hypoprothrombinemic mice induced by warfarin. The results were as follows: 1. The antigastric ulcer effects on the pyloric ligation, indomethacin, HCl-ethanol, acetic acid induced gastric injuries were shown in Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.05). 2. Through the morphologic examination on the acetic acid induced ulcer, Sample Ⅰ group showed mild regeneration of epithelium and slight decrease of periulcer edema then that of Control group, while Sample Ⅱ group showed more retraction of round ulcer site, remarkable loss of swelling and edema then that of Control group, and revealing the regenerated epithelium in the surrounding ulcer site. Thus it was noted that both Sample groups have antigastriculcer effects on the experimentally induced gastric ulcer. 3. The inhibitory effects on gastric juice were noted in both Sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). However, only Sample Ⅱ group showed the inhibitory effects on total acidity and pepsin output(p<0.05). 4. The significant inhibition of blood gastrin level showed at 30 min.(P<0.05) and 90 min.(P<0.05) after starting medication in only Sample Ⅱ group, but significance of blood secretin level in both groups was not recognized. 5. Any significant changes in barium sulfate transport in the small intestine of mice was not recognized in both groups, but the significantly inhibitory effect in large intestine was recognized in both Sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.001). 6. In hemostatic effect on both normal mice and hypoprothrombinemic mice induced by warfarin, the significantly shortening effect on coagulation time was seen in only Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). 7. On plasma prothrombin time in hypoprothrombinemic rat induced by warfarin, Sample Ⅱ group have shortened the prothrombin time significantly(p<0.001). 8. On plasma reclcification time in hypoprothrombinemic rat induced by warfarin, the recalcification time have been shortened significantly in both Sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). 9. On plasma fibrinogen levels in hypoprothrombinemic rat induced by warfarin, the fibrinogen contents in Sample Ⅱ have been decreased significantly(p<0.01). Overall the above results suggest that Goiwhasan has an therapeutic efficacy on antigastric ulcer and blood hemostasis. Further studies would be needed on the interaction of its herbal medicine and its mechanism in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary iron levels on lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male 16-month-old rats weighing 618 $\pm$ 6 g were raised for 10 days with medium-iron diet (35 ppm in diet) and blocked into 4 groups according to their body weights. One of groups was sacrificed to obtain initial data and the rest 3 groups were raised for 3 months with experimental diets containing different levels of iron (5 ppm, 35 ppm, and 350 ppm). Total lipid, triglyceride and total chole-sterol concentrations in plasma and liver, HDL-cholesterol concentration in plasma, fecal total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in plasma LDL + VLDL (low density lipoprotein + very low density lipoprotein) fractions, blood-clotting time and eicosanoids levels in plasma were measured. The results are as follows: Plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions were increased and blood-clotting time tended to be shortened during 3 months of experimental period. Low (5 ppm) iron diet improved lipid metabolism via increasing HDL-cholesterol and fecal choles-terol excretion. High (350 ppm) iron diet decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations as compared to medium (35 ppm) iron diet and lowered body weight and epididymal fat pad weight. On the other hand, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions and blood-clotting time were increased with high iron diet. It is plausible that low iron diet improves lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 1998

Background: Recently, it has been demonstrated that endothelin(ET) and endothelin related peptides are present in the blood and plasma ET levels are increased after operation. But the causes of increasing plasma ET levels are not clearly understood. This current study was to investigate the relationship between postoperative pain and endothelin. Methods: Thirty adult patients, scheduled for upper abdominal operation under general anesthesia, were included. After operation, epidural catheterization was done for postoperative analgesia. Before induction, on complained of pain and 1 hour after analgesics administration, blood samples were obtained to measure plasma ET levels. Plasma ET concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Pain score was measured by visual analogue score(VAS). Mean arterial pressure(MAP) and heart rate(HR) were also recorded every sampling time. Results: There were no significant changes in plasma ET levels at the time before induction versus at the time of the pain complaints and at 1 hour after analgesic administration. Pain score was significantly reduced after epidural analgesia. There was no significant correlations between pain score and plasma ET levels. There were no significant correlation between plasma ET levels and either MAP or HR. Conclusions: These results indicate that there is lack of relationship between postoperative pain and endothelin.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 1999

This study was done to investigate the nutrient intakes and plasma biochemcial indices in 68 female college students according to their skin types. Nutrient intakes were investigated by quick estimation. The plasma TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by the Spotchem sp-4410. The plasma levels of retinol and $\alpha$-tocopherol were measured by HPLC. In addition, the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes such as plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase(GHS-Rd) were determined. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. The results of this study were as follows : The average age, height, weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure ofthe subjects were $20.9{\pm}1.9yr, 160.7{\pm}4.3cm, 53.0{\pm}7.1kg, 20.5{\pm}2.4kg/m^2, 105.3{\pm}11.5mmHg and 70.6{\pm}7.7mmHg$, respectively. Ten students(14.7%) had normal skin type, 19 students(27.9%) had dry skin type, 11 students(16.2%) had oily skin type, 17 students(25.0%) had acne and 11 students(16.2%) had mixed skin type. The intakes of energy and fats in oily skin group were significantly higher(p<0.05) than those of the dry skin group, but vitamin C intake in the mixed skin group was significantly higher(p<0.05) than those of the dry skin group, but vitamin C intake in the mixed skin group was significantly lower(p<0.05) than that in other skin types. The intakes of other nutrients were not significantly different among skin types. The analysis of lipids showed that the plasma total-cholesterol level of mixed skin group was significantly lower(p<0.05) than that of the oily skin group, whereas other lipid levels were not significantly different. The other parameters such as retinol, $\alpha$-tocopherol, GSH-Px and GSH-Rd of plasma were not significantly different among skin types. Overall results indicate that dietary intake pattern may influence skin type and thereby some blood biochemical indices can be different by skin types.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2012

We investigated dietary effects of prickly pear cactus (Opuntina ficus-indica) on plasma lipids, platelet aggregation (PA), hemolysis, plasma TBARS and liver enzymes. Twenty eight volunteer diving women in Jeju island had daily 20 g cactus tea containing 27% prickly pear cactus (PPC) powder for 4 weeks, and data for the study subjects were analyzed, on the basis of diagnostic criteria for blood pressure (BP)(${\geq}$ 140/90 mmHg), plasma cholesterol (${\geq}$ 200 mg/dL) and triglyceride (${\geq}$ 150 mg/dL). The subjects with higher BP had higher plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations than those with normal BP. Those with higher TC also had higher TG. Subjects with normal BP or normal TC had higher initial slope of PA than their higher counterpart in BP and TC. PPC intake decreased plasma TG in those with higher BP. PPC intake significantly decreased the elevated initial slope in groups with normal BP, TC, and TG. Hemolysis after PPC intake decreased significantly in all the subjects and plasma TBARS decreased in the subjects with higher plasma TC and higher TG. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) significantly increased and total bilirubin significantly decreased in all the subjects after PPC intake. The present study with diving women showed that beneficial effects of short term intake of prickly pear cactus might differ depending on the subject conditions in term of blood pressure, and plasma lipids. However, long term usage of prickly pear cactus may provide preventive effects of cardiovascular diseases to all the population, presumably by hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and antioxidant actions of its bioactive flavonoids and soluble fiber.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2001

Many prospective studies have confirmed the predictive value of plasma fibrinogen levels for vascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease. Several polymorphisms of the $\beta$fibrinogen gene have been investigated in relation to plasma fibrinogen levels. The blood samples for DNA were collected from 109 healthy Koreans who have no relationship by blood (67 males and 42 females) in due consideration of some other factors such as gender, age, and smoking status. Four polymorphisms of the $\beta$fibrinogen gene that consist of HaeIII, AluI, MaII and BcII restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were investigated to examine the associations between RFLPs and plasma fibrinogen levels. In conclusion, the significant associations between HaeIII, AluI, MnII RFLPs(H$_1$H$_2$, M$_1$M$_2$, $A_1$A$_2$) and the concentration of plasma fibrinogen were shown by the smokers as well as by the old people more than 50, whereas the association between BcII and plasma fibrinogen were shown no connection with the status of age and smoking. The concentration of plasma fibrinogen was significantly shown higher by the old people ($\geqq$50) by the younger people ($\leqq$49) in male and also higher by the smokers than by the nonsmokers.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1991

There are many pretreatment and detection methods for divalent cations in blood. But our purpose was to study the pretreatment of blood for the determination of cations by Ion Chromatography. We compared with recovery of Mg$^{++}$, and Ca$^{++}$ contained in plasma according to four pretreatment methods, that is, add of trichloroacetic acid and perchloric acid, dilution with distilled water and membrane filter method. As a result, add of trichloroacetic acid was found to be the most suitable method for good recovery of Mg$^{++}$ (98.0%) and Ca$^{++}$(96.0%) in plasma, and the Mg$^{++}$ and Ca$^{++}$ contents in plasma was 20 and 102 ($\mu$g/ml)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.583-585
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• 1995

Following importation of temperate Australian breeds of sheep into Malaysia, it was demonstrated that there was variability in libido and semen productivity. Consequently, a study was conducted to determine the concentration of testosterone and relate it with libido and semen production. A total of 10 rams each of Dorset Horn, Cross of Merino with Border Leicester, Siamese Long Tail, Suffolk and local Malin were used to study the composition of testosterone in the blood plasma of these breeds. The study showed that there was significant difference between the testosterone level of different breeds in Spring and Summer but not in Autumn and Winter. The difference was pronounced in August and January. A significant difference (p > 0.05) was recorded in the testosterone levels of the different breeds during the day where Malin had better libido compared to the other breeds. There was no significant difference between the testosterone levels of the different breeds at night. The testosterone level of Suffolk, however, was elevated throughout the night (2.00 ng/ml and over) which resulted in better libido at night compared to the other breeds.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.218-223
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• 1997

For the utilization of animal blood produced in slaughter for the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria, the nitrogen sources in a complex(MRS) medium were replaced by blood plasma proteins. Focusing the purpose on the industrial production of a probiotics, the hydrolytic activities of three industrially applicable proteases were compared for the effective digestion of the proteins, and Alcalase(the product of Novo Nordisk) was selected with comparatively high activity. The growth of Streptococcus thermophilus KCCM12020 was best among the four strains of lactic acid bacteria tested. With Alcalase-digested proteins in the medium, the growth rates and the final cell concentrations were higher than those with non-digested proteins. The cell mass produced in the medium containing blood proteins as nitrogen sources, $2.5{\times}10^9$ CFU/ml, was significantly high and about 70% of that in MRS medium, showing a great possibility for the utilization of animal blood proteins as economic nitrogen sources in the production of cell mass of lactic acid bacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2001

The physiochemical properties and interactions between porcine blood and waxy rice were determined. Addition of calcium chloride (0.15%) improved acceptability of blood cake and increased the gelatinization degree of waxy rice. The water-holding capacity of porcine blood gel (blood/water=60/40, v/v), extent of absorption and gelatinization of waxy rice, and scanning electron microscopy showed that blood protein matrix and waxy rice are competitors for holding water in the cooking procedure. Non-haem iron content increased linearly (R=0.95) when heating temperature rose. The presence of blood proteins caused increasing of peak temperature (Tp) of gelatinization in differential scanning calorimetric thermal gram, The microstnlcture of plasma proteins and haemoglobin appeared continuous changes, and interacted with surface of waxy rice flour in terms of network and mosaic form, respectively. The electrophoretic patterns revealed an interaction between plasma proteins and waxy rice glutelin and haemoglobin when heated could be found at temperatures above $60^{\circ}C$.