• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.535-540
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Propolis has a rich source of bioactive compounds and has renal and hepatic protective properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of propolis against paracetamol-induced liver damage and impairment of kidney function, as well as hematological changes in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Six groups of rats were used; the first group was served as a control; the second and third groups were treated by propolis extract at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg.B.WT. respectively; the fourth group was treated by paracetamol (200 mg/kg.B.WT.); the fifth group was treated by propolis (50 mg/kg.B.WT.) for eight days and then received similar dose of propolis for following seven days with paracetamol at a dose of 200 mg/kg.B.WT. daily for the seven days; and the sixth group was treated with propolis (100 mg/kg.B.WT.) for eight days and then received similar dose of propolis for following seven days with paracetamol at a dose of 200 mg/kg.B.WT. daily for the seven days. All the animals were treated for a period of 15 days. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for measurement of the liver enzymes, serum albumin, protein and creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hematological parameters, and urine volume, protein and albumin. RESULTS: Paracetamol over dose significantly lowered hemoglobin, serum total protein, albumin, and uric acid, while it significantly increased blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, white blood cells, and platelet count as compared to the control. However, these alterations were significantly attenuated by the use of propolis extract and the effect was dose dependent. Interestingly, propolis prevented paracetamol induced proteinuria, low hemoglobin and body weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Propolis significantly prevented paracetamol induced renal, hepatic and hematological toxicity and might be useful in the management of liver and renal diseases particularly proteinuria.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.889-898
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• 1996

This study estimated the re!ation between psychological stress and stress hormones, nu­t tritional status of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM). Psycho­l logical stress such as depr'ession and anxiety in 34 diabetics was analyzedin relation to nutrient intake, blood components such as fasting blood sugar(FBS), hemoglobin AIC, stress hormones a and amino acids. The IeveIs of depression and anxiety were measured by The center for ep­i idemiological studies-depc$pm$111.49pg/ml for total catecholamine ( (norepmephrine and epinephrine) and 233.95 $pm$73.99pg/ml for norepinephrine, 94.03$pm$75. 9 97pg/ml for epinephrine, 13.lS$pm$5.55pl/dl for cortisol and 171.50$pm$62.50pg/ml for gul c cagon respectlveIy. The leveIs of stress hormones in diabetics such as total catecholamine, norep­i mephrine cortisol and glucagon were significantly higher than those in normal control. The lev­el of epmephrine was higher in diabetics but the diffierenee was not significant. The calorie m t take in diabetics was 1762$pm$292keal which is S1.4% lower than Korean recommended dietary a allowances(RDA). Calcium intake was slightly low but other nutrients intakeswere higher than R RDA. The value of fasting blood sugar(FBS), usual fasting blood sugar(usual FBS) which refteet a average FBS during 3 months and hemoglobin Al C in diabetics was 1S4.1S$pm$74.22mg/dl, 177.76$pm$42.77mg/dl and S.S4$pm$2.S2% respec디VeIy. The distribution of plasma amino acids in d diabetics was generally in the normal range. The leveI of anxiety in diabetics was positively cor­related with norepinephrine, concentration and usual FBS. The levels of glucagon, usual FBS a and hemoglobin Aj C were pOSI디veIy correlated with the branched chaimamino acid(BCM : leucme, isoleucme and valine)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-96
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• 1965

Observations were made on the blood picture of total 196 heads of healthy Korean cattles, including 98 males and 98 females in the purpose of determination of hematological values and its sex difference, and seasonal variations during one year period from December 1963 to November 1964. The blood sampling were scheduled by random in four different seasons and the sample size of both sex included in each season were designated to be same size. The ranges, averages or mean values of the erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell count and differential count were determined in this studies and their respective standard deviation, standard error of means, sex defferences and seasonal variations were as follows; 1. The erythrocyte count of male showed a range of $5.0{\times}10^6/c.mm$ to $8.75{\times}10^6/c.mm$ with a mean of $6.5{\pm}0.096{\times}10^6/c.mm$. Female showed a range of $5.0{\times}10^6/c.mm$ to $8.30{\times}10^6/c.mm$, with a mean of 6. $131{\pm}0.078{\times}10^6/c.mm$. There was a highly significant sex difference and seasomal variation was not found to be significant. 2. The hemoglobin value of male showed a range of 9.0g/100cc. to 14.5g/100cc. with a mean of $11.074{\pm}0.143g/100cc$. Female showed a range of 9.0g/100cc to 13.0g/100cc. with a mean of $10.745{\pm}0.034g/100cc$. There was a highly significant sex difference and seasonal variation was not found to be significant. 3. The hematocrit value of male showed a range of 28% to 45% and with a mean of $34.867{\pm}0.468%$. Female showed a range of 28% to 42% with a mean of $32.888{\pm}0.322%$. There was a highly significant sex difference and seasonal variation was not found to be significant. 4. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin of male showed a range of 14.4rr. to 19.6rr. with a mean of $17.1{\pm}0.112rr$. Female showed a range of 14.7rr. to 19.5rr. with a mean of $17.6{\pm}0.113rr$. 5. The mean corpusular volume of male showed a range of $42.5{\mu}^3$ to $62.2{\mu}^3$ with a mean of $53.9{\pm}0.419{\mu}^3$, Female showed a range of $44.2{\mu}^3$ to $60.0{\mu}^3$ with a mean of $53.8{\pm}0.375{\mu}^3$. 6. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of male showed a range of 28.1 % to 34.9% with a mean of $31.4{\pm}0.161%$. Female showed a range of 28.0% to 34.9% with a mean of $30.9{\pm}0.169%$. 7. The total leucocyte count of male showed a range of 4,000/c.mm to 13,100/c.mm. with a mean of $9,338{\pm}218.23/c.mm$. Female showed a range of 4,000/c.mm. to 14,000/c.mm. with a mean of $9,338{\pm}235.90/c.mm$. Six difference was not found to be significant and there was a highly significant seasonal variation. 8. The differential count of male, the means of neutrophil, stab, segmented cell, Iymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil were $31.173{\pm}0.570%$, 0.3%. $30.867{\pm}0.564%$, $55.112{\pm}0.603%$, $3.745{\pm}0.082%$, $9.867{\pm}0.422%$ and 0.14% rspectively. Female showed means of $31.010{\pm}0.572%$, 0.2%, $30.806{\pm}0.569%$, $53.929{\pm}0.634%$, $4.082{\pm}0.109%$, $10.908{\pm}0.503%$ and 0.12% respectively. There were significant sex differences in monocyte and highly significant sex difference in eosinophil, and seasonal variation were found to be highly significant in neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil. 9. Hematological comparison made between cattles infested with so called "small type piroplasma" and non-infested group. The result of investigation showed no significant difference upon the red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit values between lighty infested group and non-infested group. 10. Age distribution of test group in this study ranged from 2 years to 6 years in both sex and their average age were $4.45{\pm}0.114$(male) and $4.50{\pm}0.116$(female). There found to be no significant sex difference and seasonal variations in the age of test group.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.145-151
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• 1982

Breslau's report on the two stillbirths induced by illuminating gas poisoning made many investigators explore the hazards. of carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning to pregnancy. The pregnant woman, her fetus, and the newborn infant have been identified to be particularly vulnerable to CO even in low concentration. Several factors, such as placental barrier, membrane resistance of maternal and fetal red blood cells etc., were considered to be related to the delayed elimination of CO from fetus. Slower elimination of CO from fetus than from mother was confirmed in several in vivo studies. But there are few studies which have confirmed the difference of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) dissociation in adult and fetal bloods. Author investigated the effects of hemoglobin itself on the elimination of CO from mother and fetus. By observing the difference of CO dissociation from adult and fetal hemoglobin at the various partial pressures of oxygen, the author tries to suggest the base of the proper treatment measure for the CO poisoning of pregnant woman and newborn infant. The results were as follows: 1. The total hemoglobin amounts of adults and fetal bloods were $16.1{\pm}0.50gm%\;and\;15.7{\pm}0.32gm%$, respectively. The fetal hemoglobin proportions in adult and fetal bloods were $1.2{\pm}0.15%\;and\;72.7{\pm}3.01%$, respectively. 2. Adult and fetal bloods saturated by CO to 100% HbCO were exposed to ambient air$(21%\;O_2),\;100%\;O_2\;and\;3\;ATAO_2$. After 30 minutes exposure, the HbCO saturations of adult blood were 96.7%, 70.9%, and 52.8%, respectively, and those of fetal blood were 98.5%, 76.1%, and 62.2%, respectively. HbCO dissociation was proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen and the most marked dissociation was shown under 3 ATA $O_2$, HbCO dissociation of fetal blood was slower than that of adult blood in all conditions. According to the above results, it is possible that CO poisoning make more serious damage to the fetus and newborn infant than to the adult due to the delayed dissociation of HbCO. Thus in the treatment of CO poisoning of pregnant woman and newborn infant, hyperbaric oxygen therapy seems to be the most eflective treatment measure, but the duration of hyperbaric oxygenation should be lengthened accordingly.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 1977

Motor vehicles are the major source of environmental air pollution through the combustion of lead-containing gasolines. People who live in the areas with heavy traffic usually have the higher blood lead levels. This study was to investigate the lead level between the maternal blood and their infants cord blood. Immediatly after Placental delivary, the sampls of cord blood and maternal venous blood were obtained randomly from 14 infants whose mothers had spent their entire pregnancy in Seoul. Lead concentration was determined by the dithizone method. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Hemoglobin, Hct and RBC were significantly higher in cord blood than in the maternal blood, by 36%, 54.9%, 36.9% respectively. 2. MCV in cord blood was higher than that in maternal blood by 13.8%. But MCH and MCHC were lower than those in maternal blood, by 9.7%, 3.3% respectively. The differences were statistically significant. 3. Lead concentration of cord blood $(23.93\;{\mu}g%)$ was higher than that in maternal blood $(21.93\;{\mu}%)$ by 9.1%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.989-995
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• 1996

Excessive blood loss secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) may be encountered after open heart surgery and platelet dysfunction appears to be especially responsible for this problem. To evaluate the effect of low-dose aprotinin during hypothermic CPB on platelet aggregation, anticoagulation and clinical hemostasis,.40 patients undergoing valve replacement using hypothermic CPB procedures were randomized to give either a low dose aprotinin(2$\times$ 106 KIU in the CPB priming sol- ution, n=20) or a placebo(n=20). During postoperative 24 hours, blood and hemoglobin loss were lower in the aprotinin group (225.5 $\pm$ 121.9ml, and 11.3$\pm$2.4g) than the control group(572.2$\pm$)35.5ml and 26.3$\pm$9.8g)(P<0.01). The total blood and hemoglobin loss were lower in the aprotinin group (622.0$\pm$ 186m1 and 14.7$\pm$6.8g) than the con- trol group (102.1 $\pm$483.5ml and 39.7$\pm$ 16.4g) (P<0.01). The amonut of packed red cell needed decreased in the aprotinin group: 197.7$\pm$56.3ml vers s 651.2: 147.5ml (P<0.01). Hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts and fibrinogen checked at fixed times perioperatively did not differ between the two groups. Platelet aggregation was induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine and ristocetin before and after CPB. Maximum platelet aggregation was significantly reduced after CPB in control group (ranging from -31 % to -58% relative to prebypass values). Significant prolongation of activated clotting time(ACT) after 5 minute and 30 minute of hypothermic CPB were observed: 955.9 $\pm$35.1 and 967.5$\pm$32.7sec versus 743.8 $\pm$ 52.1 and 731.2: 54.6sec (P<0.01). There was no complication associated with aprotinin infusion. These results demonstrate that low-dose aprotinin significantly reduces blood loss and blood requirment and provides improved postoperative hemostasis which might be related to protection of platelet aggregation capacity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.253-265
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to obtain reference data of parameters for hematological health diagnosis in marine fish and also evaluate application of veterinary chemistry analyzer used to those blood tests. A blood profile of total 522 fish for black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), red seabream (Pagrus major), rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatu) and black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) cultured in mari-floating netcage of Gyeongnam province was determined by hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb) and blood chemistry tests (total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose). Ht was measured by microhematocrit method. Hb and plasma chemistry were analysed by establishing baseline ranges for a dry chemical system of FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000. Actually recorded values of Hb and plasma chemistry by the analyzer were notably outside from the minimum and/or maximum of the established reference value. Albumin and alanine aminotransferase were not detectable in the range of 68～66%. Lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, alkaline phosphatase and glucose were not detectable in the range of 42～21%. Total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, hemoglobin and creatinine were not detectable in the range of 18～3%. However, the values of blood urea nitrogen were below the detectable limits of the analyzer.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.201-202
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• 2009

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.14-19
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• 1962

Twenty-three dogs were used in a study to determine the effects of anesthetic does of Pentobarbital sodium on Leukocytes, erythrocytes, hematocrits and hemoglobin in dogs. The results showed that the leukocyte counts dereased significantly immedately afte

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 1974

The relative state of human iron storage may be ascertained more reliably through determination of the serum iron, iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and absorption of radioactive iron in conjunction with studies of red cell morphology than from the study of red cell morphology alone. Recent investigations have shown that there is an increase in red cell protoporphyrin concentration in iron deficiency anemia. The significance of the red cell protoporphyrin has been discussed greatly during the years since its discovery. Two of the main factors which appear to influence the amaunt of protoporphyrin are increased erythropoiesis and factors interfering with the utilization of iron in the synthesis of hemoglobin, and iron deficiency. Recently Heller et al. have described a simplified method for blood protoporphyrin assay and this technique could be used assess nutritional iron status, wherein even minor insufficiencies are detectable as increased protoporphyrin concentrations. Based on the evaluation of the relationship between nutritional iron status and red cell protoporphyrin as an index suitable for the detection of the iron deficiency is described in this paper. RESULTS 1. Hemoglobin Concentrations and Anthropometric Measurements. The mean and standard deviations of the various anthropometric measurements of different age and sex groups are shown in table 1. There measurements have been compared with the Korean Standard. In the absence of local standards for arm circumference and skin-fold thickness over triceps, they have been compared with the standard from Jelliffe. Table 2,3, and 4 give anthropometric measurements and frequency (%) of anemia in children surveyed. The mean height of the children studid was 10 to 20 percent; below the Korean Standard. The distribution of height below 80 percent of the Standard was 21.2 percent, however, among anemic group this percentage was 27.7 percent. In general, the mean weight of the children was 10 to 15 percent below the Korean Standard. The percentage of children with weight less than 80 percent of the Standard was about 35 percent. But in the anemic group of the children, this percentage was 44 percent. The mean arm circumference was about 15 percent lower than the Jelliffe's standard. 61.2 percent of the children had values of arm circumference below 80 percent of the standard. Children with low hemoglobin levels, this percentage was 80 percent. The mean skinfold thickness over the triceps of the children studied was about 25 Percent lower than the Jelliffe's standard and 61.2 percent of the children had the value less than 80 percent of the standard. Among anemic children, this percentage was 70.8%. As may be seen from table 5, the mean hemoglobin concentration of the total group was 11.3g/100ml. Hemoglobin concentration was less than 11.0g/100ml. in 65(36.5%) of the 178 children. The degree of anemia in most of these children was mild with a hemoglobin level of less than 8.0g/100ml. found in only one child. In general, the prevalence of anemia was high in female children than male and decreased its frequency with increasing age. Relatively close relationship was observed between hemoglobin level and anthrophometric measurements especially high between arm circumference and skinfold thickness and hemoglobin but very low in height and low in weight and hemoglobin level, estimated by chi-square value. II. Serum iron, Transferrin saturation (1) Serum iron, and transferrin saturation Serum iron, transferrin saturation and red cell protoporphyrin concentrations were estimated in sub-sample of 84 children from 1 to 6 years and 24 older children between 7 and 13 years of age. The findings are presented in table 6. The mean serum iron concentration of the total group was 59ug/100ml. However, the level incrased with age from 36.6ug/100ml. (1-3years) to 80.8ug/100ml. (7-13 years). 60 percent of these children had a serum iron level less than 50ug/10ml. in the 1-3 years age group and 31.4 percent for 4-6 years group. These contrast with the finding of 12.5 percent anemic children in the 7-13 years age group. The mean transferrin saturation for the total group was 18.1 percent and frequency of anemia by transferrin saturation was observed same pattern as serum iron concentration. (2) Red cell protoporphyrin concentrations. (a) Red cell protoporphrin levels of children: Red cell protoporphyrin and other biochemical data are shown in table 4. The mean concentration in red cell of all children was fround 46.3ug/100ml. RBC. and differences with age groups were observed; in the age group 1-3 years, the mean concentration was $59.5{\pm}32.14$ ug/100ml. RBC; 4-6 years $44.1{\pm}22.57$ ug/100ml. RBC. and 7-13 years, $39.0{\pm}13.56$ ug/100ml. RBC. (b) Normal protoporphyrin values in adults: It was observed that in 10 normal adult males studied here the level of protoporphyrin in red cell ranged from 18 to 54 ug/100ml. RBC. and the mean concentration was $47.5{\sim}14.47$ ug/100ml. RBC. Other biochemical determination made on the same subjects are presented in table 8. (c) Red tell protoporphyrin concentration of occupational blood donors: The results of analyses for red cell protoporphyrin as well as serum iron, transferrin saturation and hemoglobin in the 76 blood donors are presented in table 7 and 8. In this experiment, donors were selected at random, however, most of them bled repeatedly because of poor economic situation, I doubt. Table 9 shows the distribution of red cell protoporphyrin concentration and hemoglobin concentration of occupational donors. The mean hemoglobin value for the total was 11.9 g/100 ml. When iron deficiency anemia is defined as a transferrin saturation below 15%, prevalence of anemia was 47.4 percent and the mean serum iron was 27.1ug/100ml. and red cell protoporphyrin, 168.3ug/100ml. RBC. However, mean serum iron and protoporphyrin concentration of above 15% transferrin saturation were 11.6 ug/100 ml. and 58.8 ug/100 ml. RBC. respectively. The mean Protoporphyrin concentration of non-anemic (above 15% transferrin saturation) donors was slightly higher than the results of normal adult males.