• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7893-7895
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• 2015

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinctive clinical, biological and molecular subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. However, data from Pakistan are scarce. Therefore we reviewed the demographic and clinical profile along with risk stratification of APL patients at our center. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, 26 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were enrolled from January 2011 to June 2015. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age was $31.8{\pm}1.68years$ with a median of 32 years. The female to male ratio was 2:1.2. The majority of our patients had hypergranular variant (65.4%) rather than the microgranular type. The major complaints were bleeding (80.7%), fever (76.9%), generalized weakness (30.7%) and dyspnea (15.38%). Physical examination revealed petechial rashes as a predominant finding detected in 61.5% followed by pallor in 30.8%. The mean hemoglobin was $8.04{\pm}2.29g/dl$ with the mean MCV of $84.7{\pm}7.72fl$. The mean total leukocyte count of $5.44{\pm}7.62{\times}10^9/l$; ANC of $1.08{\pm}2.98{\times}10^9/l$ and mean platelets count were $38.84{\pm}5.38{\times}10^9/l$. According to risk stratification, 15.3% were in high, 65.4% in intermediate and 19.2% in low risk groups. Conclusions: Clinico-epidemiological features of APL in Pakistani patients appear comparable to published data. Haemorrhagic diathesis is the commonest presentation. Risk stratification revealed predominance of intermediate risk disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.357-360
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• 2016

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an acquired clonal frequent malignant disorder of myeloid progenitor cells. Our aim was to study demographical and clinicopathological features of adult Pakistani AML patients at presentation. Materials and Methods: In this single centre study extending from January 2010 to December 2014, data were retrieved from the patient records with a predetermined performa and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: Overall 125 patients were diagnosed at our institution with de novo AML during the study period. There were 76 males and 49 females (ratio 1.5:1), with an age range between 15 and 85 years and a mean age of $38.8{\pm}20.1years$. The major complaints were fever (72.8%), generalized weakness (60%), bleeding (37.6%) and dyspnea (12%). Physical examination revealed pallor in 56.8%, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly in 16% and 12.8%, respectively, and lymphodenopathy in 10.4%. The mean hemoglobin was $8.19{\pm}2.12g/dl$ with a mean MCV of $86.0{\pm}9.83fl$, a mean total leukocyte count of $43.1{\pm}68.5{\times}10^9/l$, an ANC of $3.09{\pm}6.66{\times}10^9/l$ and a mean platelet count of $62.3{\pm}78.6{\times}10^9/l$. Conclusions: AML in Pakistani patients is seen in a relatively very young population with male preponderance, compared with the west. However, clinico-pathological features appear comparable to published data.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1857-1859
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• 2016

Background: Hodgkin's lymphoma (formerly, Hodgkins disease) is a potentially curable malignancy with distinctive biological behavior and specific clinical characteristics. Limited information is available from developing countries for patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). Therefore we reviewed the demographical and clinico-hematological profiles along with bone marrow infiltration patterns in adult patients presenting at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 62 adult (${\geq}15years$) patients with cHL were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014. Results: The mean age was $29.7{\pm}13.8years$ with a median of 30 years. The male to female ratio was 2:1. B symptoms were present in 72.5% of patients and lymph node enlargement in 85.4%. The frequency of bone marrow infiltration in our cHL patients was found to be 27.4%, the pattern being predominantly focal followed by diffuse. The mean hemoglobin was $9.4{\pm}1.9g/dl$ with a mean MCV of $78.1{\pm}7.9fl$, a mean total leukocyte count of $10.9{\pm}20.6{\times}10^9/l$ and a mean platelet count of $241.6{\pm}150.1{\times}10^9/l$. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that clinico-pathological features of cHL in Pakistan are comparable to published data. Peripheral lymphodenopathy associated with B symptoms is the commonest presentation. Bone marrow involvement is more common in our setup as patients usually presented at an advanced stage of disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2307-2309
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• 2016

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease in which early lymphoid precursors proliferate and replace the normal hematopoiesis. It has distinctive clinical and biological features. In respect to adult ALL, available data from Pakistan are limited. Therefore we reviewed the demographical and clinicohematological profiles along with FAB stratification of adult patients with ALL presented at our hospital. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 51 adults (${\geq}15years$) patients with ALL were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014. Results: The mean age was $23.8{\pm}12.9years$ with the median age of 18.0 years. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The major complaints were fever (60.7%), generalized weakness (47.0%), overt bleeding (19.6%) and weight loss (13.7%). Physical examination revealed lymphodenopathy as a predominant finding detected in 43.1% followed by splenomegaly and hepatomegaly in 23.5% and 21.5%, respectively. The mean hemoglobin level was $9.0{\pm}2.75g/dl$ with a mean MCV of $82.2{\pm}15.4fl$, a mean total leukocyte count of $31.1{\pm}64.0{\times}10^9/l$, a mean ANC of $2.1{\pm}3.0{\times}10^9/l$ and a mean platelet count of $71.7{\pm}85.7{\times}10^9/l$. According to FAB classification, 47.1% were L1 type, 45.1% L2 and 7.8% L3 variant. Conclusions: Clinico-pathological features appeared comparable to published data. Febrile illness associated with lymphodenopathy was the commonest presentation. FAB classification revealed a predominance of ALL-L1 variant in Pakistani adult patients with ALL.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2031-2033
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• 2016

Background: Symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) is an acquired B-cell malignant proliferation of antibody secreting plasma cells, characterized by end organ damage due to monoclonal immunoglobulin secretion. The aim of this study wa to determine the stage stratification according to an international scoring system in adult Pakistani MM patients at presentation. Materials and Methods: This single centre retrospective study extendedfrom January 2012 to December 2015. Data were retrieved from the departmental maintained records. Results: A total of 39 patients were diagnosed at our center with MM during the period of the study, 25 males and 14 females. Age ranged between 36 and 81 with a mean of $54.5{\pm}14.8$ and a median of 57 years. Common presenting complaints included fatigue (80.9%), backache (79.3%) and bone pain (66.2%). Overall, 9 patients were in ISS stage I (23%), 12 were in stage II (30.7%) and 18 were in stage III (46.1%). Out of the total, 29 (74.3%) had kappa immunoglobulin andthe remaining 10 (25.6%) had lambda type myelomas. IgG myeloma was commonest, seen in 26 (66.6%) followed by IgA in 11 (28.2%) with non secretory myeloma in one (2.5%) and light chain disease also in one patient (2.5%). Conclusions: MM in Pakistani patients is seen in a relatively young population with male predominance. Primarily patients are symptomatic and risk stratification revealed a predominance of advanced stage III disease in our setting.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1833-1835
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• 2016

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an acquired clonal B-cell malignancy which primarily affects elderly individuals with an annual incidence of approximately 1% of all malignancies. Our aim is to study demographic and clinicopathological features of adult Pakistani MM patients at presentation. Materials and Methods: This single centre retrospective study extended from January 2010 to December 2014. Data were retrieved from the patients' maintained records on predetermined performa. Results: Overall, 61 patients were diagnosed at our institution with MM during the study period. There were 43 males and 18 females. Age ranged between 34 and 81 years with a mean of $56.1{\pm}12.8$ and a median of 57 years. The male to female ratio was ~2:1. Common presenting complaints included fatigue (81.9%), backache (80.3%) and bone pain (67.2%). Physical findings revealed pallor (44.2%) as a presenting clinical feature. The mean hemoglobin value was $8.9{\pm}1.7g/dl$ with a mean MCV of $85.3{\pm}11.0fl$. Severe anemia with hemoglobin <8.5 gm/dl was seen in 40.9%. The mean total leukocyte count was $8.9{\pm}8.2{\times}10^9/l$, the ANC was $5.0{\pm}3.1{\times}10^9/l$ and the mean platelet count was $188.4{\pm}150.6{\times}10^9/l$. Conclusions: MM in Pakistani patients is seen in a relatively young population with male preponderance. The majority of patients present with symptomatic anemia and backache to seek medical attention. However, clinico-pathological features appear comparable to the published literature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.525-531
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fermented red ginseng (FRG) on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, blood hematology and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 96 ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) pigs ($71.64{\pm}1.20\;kg$) were randomly allocated into one of the following dietary treatments: i) CON, basal diet; ii) FRG1, basal diet+1 g/kg fermented red ginseng; iii) FRG2, basal diet+2 g/kg fermented red ginseng and iv) FRG3 basal diet+4 g/kg fermented red ginseng. There were 6 replications per treatment with 4 pigs (2 gilts and 2 barrows) per pen. Throughout the whole period of the trial, there were no effects of FRG addition on ADG or G/F. Pigs fed FRG2 diet had lower ADFI (p<0.05) than those fed CON diet during 0-4 weeks while FRG2 and FRG3 treatments decreased ADFI (p<0.05) compared with CON treatment both during 5-8 weeks and the entire experiment. No differences were observed in apparent nutrient digestibility and blood hematology. However, FRG2 and FRG3 administration decreased the drip loss compared with CON (p<0.05). Pigs in FRG2 treatment had higher LMA (p<0.05) and lower WHC (p<0.05) than those in CON treatment. In conclusion, the supplementation of FRG had a minor effect on performance while partially improved meat quality in finishing pigs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2153-2158
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• 2014

Beclin 1 is a key factor for initiation and regulation of autophagy, which is a cellular catabolic process involved in tumorigenesis. To investigate the role of alternative splicing of Beclin1 in the regulation of autophagy in leukemia cells, Beclin1 mRNA from 6 different types of cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 2 healthy volunteers was reversely transcribed, subcloned, and screened for alternative splicing. New transcript variants were analyzed by DNA sequencing. A transcript variant of Beclin 1 gene carrying a deletion of exon 11, which encoded a C-terminal truncation of Beclin 1 isoform, was found. The alternative isoform was assessed by bioinformatics, immunoblotting and subcellular localization. The results showed that this variable transcript is generated by alternative 3' splicing, and its translational product displayed a reduced activity in induction of autophagy by starvation, indicating that the spliced isoform might function as a dominant negative modulator of autophagy. Our findings suggest that the alternative splicing of Beclin 1 might play important roles in leukemogenesis regulated by autophagy.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2005

This study was designed to establish a strategy for the bioequivalence study of doxifluridine, an anticancer drug, in dogs instead of cancer patients. Although the results from animals may not occur in the same manner from human, those would be worth enough in terns of the bioequivalence. As for critically ill population such as cancer patients, bioequivalence studies in animals bring many advantages. Six healthy Beagle dogs were selected on the basis of hematology and blood chemistry test. After an over night fast, 200 mg of doxifluridine was orally administered, and blood was serially taken up to 12 hours. Plasma concentration of doxifluridine was measured using a newly validated bioanalytical method by a HPLC coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Time course of plasma doxifluridine concentration was analyzed with non-compartmental and compartmental approaches. Consequently, we represented hematology and blood chemistry database for the selection of healthy Beagle dogs, and suggested a sensitive and validated analytical method of doxifluridine, as well as a study design for the bioequivalence of doxifluridine in dogs.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2015

A humanized mice (hu-mice) model is extremely valuable to verify human cell activity in vivo condition and is regarded as an important tool in examining multimodal therapies and drug screening in tumor biology. Moreover, hu-mice models that simply received human $CD34^+$ blood cells and tissue transplants are also overwhelmingly useful in immunology and stem cell biology. Because generated hu-mice harboring a human immune system have displayed phenotype of human $CD45^+$ hematopoietic cells and when played partly with functional immune network, it could be used to evaluate human cell properties in vivo. Although the hu-mice model does not completely recapitulate human condition, it is a key methodological factor in studying human hematological malignancies with impaired immune cells. Also, an advanced humanized leukemic mice (hu-leukemic-mice) model has been developed by improving immunodeficient mice. In this review, we briefly described the history of development on immunodeficient SCID strain mice for hu-and hu-leukemic-mice model for immunologic and tumor microenviromental study while inferring the potential benefits of hu-leukemic-mice in cancer biology.