• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.463-471
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• 2005

Recently, the number of diabetic patients have been increased with westernized living way and meal habitation. The regulation of blood sugar concentration is very important for diabetic patients to keep homeostasis and, to prevent acute or chronic complications. Epinephrine combined with lidocaine is used in dental clinic extensively. And epinephrine combined with lidocaine also effects on decreasing the blood leakage volume by constricting micro vessle and arteriole. But, So far there are few researches about the effect of epinephrine contained in dental local anesthetic agent on the blood sugar of diabetes during minor oral surgery. The purpose of this study was intended to investigate whether epinephrine which combined with dental local anesthetics influence body glucose level in diabetes patients by glucose monitoring. The subject of this study were 38 diabetic patients and 38 normal adults, each patient was checked body glucose after a meal 2 hours later with resting state, and injection 1:100000 epinephrine with dental lidocaine 54 ml or lidocaine 54 ml only. And then the body glucose level was checked 5 minutes and 30 minutes after injection. The results were analyzed by two way ANOVA test (p<0.05). The results were as follows: In the experimental group 1, the mean of the blood sugar level was 180.3 mg/dl before an anesthetic injection, 182.8 mg/dl after 5minutes of the anesthetic injection and 182.2 mg/dl after 30minutes of the anesthetic injection. The change of the blood sugar level was not statistically by two-way ANOVA tests (p<0.05). In the experimental group 2, the mean of the blood sugar level was 237 mg/dl before an anesthetic injection, 234.5 mg/dl after 5minutes of the anesthetic injection and 231.8 mg/dl after 30minutes of the anesthetic injection. The change of the blood sugar level was not statistically by two-way ANOVA tests (p<0.05). In the controlled group 1, the mean of the blood sugar level was 117.6 mg/dl before an anesthetic injection, 119.1 mg/dl after 5minutes of the anesthetic injection and 129.3 mg/dl after 30minutes of the anesthetic injection. The change of the blood sugar level was not statistically by two-way ANOVA tests (p<0.05). In the controlled group 2, the mean of the blood sugar level was 104.2 mg/dl before an anesthetic injection, 102 mg/dl after 5minutes of the anesthetic injection and 105.3 mg/dl after 30minutes of the anesthetic injection. The change of the blood sugar level was not statistically by two-way ANOVA tests (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.169-180
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• 1995

To determine the effects of guar suksolgi on blood glucose and lipids in type-ll diabetic subjects, a piece of guar suksolgi(36.3g, 54Kcal) was administered to eight patients for 3 weeks every meal. No significant differences occured indietary intakes and body weight before and after the treatment. Fasting blood glucose levels were decreased from 132.38mg/dI to 114.75mg/dI after the treatment, but not statistically significant. Blood TG levels were increased from 159.13mg/dI to 175.00mg/dI after the treatment, but not statistically significant. Excluding one patient who had extremely high TG level, blood TG levels tended to be decreased from 148.00mg/dI to 121.00mg/dI. TC LDL-c, HDL-c levels were decreased after the treatment, but not statistically significant. HbAIC concentrations were decreased from 8.54mg/kI to 7.80mg/dI after the treatment, but not statistically significant. In the case of three patients who had had normal fasting blood glucose levels, blood glucose levels tended to be decreased at postprandial 30, 60 minutes, and blood insulin levels tended to be decreased at postprandial 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes, although none of the levels were statistically significant. Therefore, if guar suksolgi is adinistered to type-ll diabetic subjects being more hyperglycemic than our patients, their blood glucose and lipids will be decreased significantly.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2016

Sepsis is the life-threatening response to infection which can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. In the current study, the effect of orally administered D-glucose on the mortality and the blood glucose level induced by D-Galactosamine (GaLN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis was examined in ICR mice. After various amounts of D-glucose (from 1 to 8 g/kg) were orally fed, sepsis was induced by injecting intraperitoneally (i.p.) the mixture of GaLN /LPS. Oral pre-treatment with D-glucose dose-dependently increased the blood glucose level and caused a reduction of sepsis-induced mortality. The oral post-treatment with D-glucose (8 g/kg) up to 3 h caused an elevation of the blood glucose level and protected the mortality observed in sepsis model. However, D-glucose post-treated at 6, 9, or 12 h after sepsis induction did not affect the mortality and the blood glucose level induced by sepsis. Furthermore, the intrathecal (i.t.) pretreatment once with pertussis toxin (PTX; $0.1{\mu}g/5ml$) for 6 days caused a reduction of D-glucose-induced protection of mortality and hyperglycemia. Furthermore, once the hypoglycemic state is continued up to 6 h after sepsis initiated, sepsis-induced mortality could not be reversed by D-glucose fed orally. Based on these findings, it is assumed that the hypoglycemic duration between 3 and 6 h after the sepsis induction may be a critical time of period for the survival. D-glucose-induced protective effect against sepsis-induced mortality appears to be mediated via activating PTX-sensitive G-proteins in the spinal cord. Finally, the production of hyperglycemic state may be critical for the survival against the sepsis-induced mortality.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among blood glucose, HbA1c, and self management comparing these with general and illness characteristics of subjects with Type II Diabetes living in the community. Methods: Using a comprehensive survey developed for the study, data were collected from 82 type II diabetes patients who were registered at five community health departments. The variables of self management, blood glucose and HbA1c were assessed by nurses. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics including t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient to compare self management and level of HbA1c by subject's general and illness characteristics and to examine the relationships among variables. Results: About 73.2% of the subjects' HbA1c were 7.0% or higher and 54.9% of subjects' blood glucose were 200 mg/dL or higher. The level of self management was moderate. Most frequently perceived reasons for failure of blood glucose control were dietary failure (32.9%). There was significant relationship between self management and HbA1c(r=-.223, p=.040). The mean score of self management were higher among female (t=-2.37, p=.021), who are not on diabetes medication (t=6.70, p=.011). Conclusion: Comprehensive intervention is needed to improve dietary self management, especially for male and those who is on diabetes medication.

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

The paper is a study to develop and verify a blood glucose level prediction model based on biosignals obtained from photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, ICT technology and data. Blood glucose prediction used the MLP architecture of machine learning. The input layer of the machine learning model consists of 10 input nodes and 5 hidden layers: heart rate, heart rate variability, age, gender, VLF, LF, HF, SDNN, RMSSD, and PNN50. The results of the predictive model are MSE=0.0724, MAE=1.1022 and RMSE=1.0285, and the coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.9985. A blood glucose prediction model using bio-signal data collected from digital devices and machine learning was established and verified. If research to standardize and increase accuracy of machine learning datasets for various digital devices continues, it could be an alternative method for individual blood glucose management.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2007

This study was carried out to see the effect of individualized diet education on the improvement of blood glucose level according to the changes of nutrient intake with the subjects of 25 people. Among 25 people who participated in diabetic education program held in Chilgok-gun public health center, Gyeongbuk, there were 15 diabetic patients(3 males and 12 females) and 10 healthy people(2 males and 8 females) and after the diet education, the results were as follows. As for clinical characteristics, the diabetic group tended to have slightly higher blood pressure than the control group, especially diastolic blood pressure of diabetic group was higher than the control group with a significant level(p<0.05). Blood glucose level measured 2 hours after the meal was higher in the diabetic group than the control group with significant level(p<0.0001). For the clinical characteristic changes before and after the diet education, the blood glucose level in the diabetic group reduced significantly(p<0.01). For the daily diet intake, intake of fat in the diabetic group increased significantly compared to the one before the education(p<0.05). When comparing the ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat, it was changed from 72.9 : 16.2 : 12.9 before the education to 63.8 : 15.1 : 21.1 after the education. From the above results, it is necessary to perform the diet education which carries out in the health center for diabetic patients with individualized goal by stepwise way rather than as one time try, and by developing the diabetic education media which is appropriate for the patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2019

A 10-year-old, 8.28 kg, intact female Cocker Spaniel was presented with continuous polyuria and polydipsia. The dog had proestrus bleeding 5 weeks earlier, and hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketouria, and high level of serum fructosamine in laboratory findings. Based on hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketouria, and ketosis, the patient was tentatively diagnosed as diabetes mellitus (DM) with ketouria. After diagnosis, 5 to 7 U/body porcine lente insulin was administered during 11 days from initial presentation as the remission of DM for the dog. But, blood glucose was still high level. Because there was no reaction to porcine lente insulin, it was replaced by 4-10 U/body neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) during 3 days. But, NPH also did not regulate blood glucose level. Because insulin therapy failed to regulate blood glucose level, the dog was considering insulin-resistant diabetes. The dog was tentatively diagnosed with progesterone-resistant DM on the basis of the history that had revealed proestrus bleeding 5 weeks earlier. Progesterone level was moderate high (43.7 ng/ml; reference range, 15.0-90.0 ng/ml). Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) was performed to remove the cause of the dog's diabetes. After OHE 11 days, blood glucose was gradually declined by insulin treatment. Consequently, blood glucose was well controlled in reference range without insulin treatment after 2 months. This case is a report on progesterone-induced DM treated with OHE and insulin treatment during the diestrus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.601-605
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• 2007

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Inonotus obliqua extract on blood glucose, insulin, and other biochemical parameters in genetically diabetic mice $(C57BL/KsJ^-m^{+/+}Lepr^{db})$. The mice were divided into four groups-control, Chaga 1 (dose of 0.09 mg/kg of body weight), Chaga 5 (5 times of Chaga 1), and Chaga 10 (10 times of Chaga 1) - according to supplemented dose. Inonotus obliqua extract was orally administered to the animals for 6 weeks. The body and organ (liver and kidney) weights were not different among groups. Fasting blood glucose level was significantly lower in the Chaga 5 group compared with the control (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin A1c content was significantly lower in the Chaga 5 group compared with either the control and Chaga 1 group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum insulin level among groups. The glucose-6-phosphatase activity in liver was significantly the lowest in Chaga 10 group and was significantly lower in Chaga 5 group as compared with those of control and Chaga 1 groups. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that Inonotus obliqua extract alleviates many of the symptoms of diabetes in genetically obese mice and may offer a possibility as a therapeutic supplement for the normalization of blood glucose levels in human with hyperglycemia and have beneficial effects in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 1994

In this study, we examined gangliosides from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat brain. To obtain the diabetic rat brain, we sacrified the rat three days after injecting the streptozotocin into venus in tail. We measured blood glucose level according to Somogy-Nelson method and measured insulin level using $^{125}$ I-insulin RIA kit. The gangliosides were extracted according to Folch-Suzuki method from the rat brain. We also examined the effect of major lipid components extracted from deer antler on diabetic rat brain. The results showed that the major lipids components lowered both blood glucose and insulin level in normal rat. However only the blood glucose level in diabetic rat was lowered with major lipid components. In diabetic rat brain, gangliosides metabolism were changed. The amount of GMla was increased while GDla, GDlb, and GTlb were not synthesized. Furthermore, undefined ganglioside was found. In major lipid component-treated diabetic rat brain, the ganglioside metabolism proceeded as same as the normal rat. On the contrary, in bovine brain gangliosides-treated diabetic rat brain, the gangliosides metabolism was not recovered to normal one.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess changes in blood glucose level, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in elderly women aged over 65 years with hypertension and either normal glycemic control, impaired fasting glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus. We also wished to investigate the relationship between stages of diabetes and physical fitness. [Methods] A total of 24 elderly women with hypertension were assigned to a control group (CON; n=7), impaired fasting glucose group (IFG; n=9), and diabetes mellitus group (DM; n=8). In each group, blood glucose level, brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), and blood pressure were measured at baseline as well as 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. Physical fitness factors such as hand grip strength, balance test, 4 m gait speed test, chair stand test, short physical performance battery, and 6-minute walking test were subsequently assessed. [Results] In all three groups, blood glucose levels were significantly increased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. In the DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly higher before and after a 75 g OGTT than in the CON group. In the CON group, PWV was significantly increased at 60 minutes after a 75 g OGTT; however, there were no changes in other groups after glucose ingestion. In the CON group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT compared to baseline. However, there was no change in blood pressure after ingestion in the DM group. The IFG group had greater grip strength than the CON group; however, there were no differences in other variables between the groups. [Conclusion] After a 75 g OGTT, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes maintain higher blood glucose levels compared to those with hypertension alone. Unlike elderly women with hypertension alone, those with hypertension and diabetes did not show changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure after a 75 g OGTT. Therefore, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes may not be able to control their blood vessels following a 75 g OGTT due to impaired vascular endothelial function. Moreover, there was no association between diabetes stage and physical fitness in elderly women with hypertension.