• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 1988

알쯔하이머병 환자 11명, 우울증 환자 7명 그러고 정상 대조군 12명을 대상으로 $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ 뇌 SPECT를 이용하여 국소 뇌혈류 분포를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) SPECT소견은 정상 대조군과 우울증군에서는 모두 정상이 있으나 알쯔하이머병군에서는 7명은 양측 측두엽 및 두정엽에, 3명은 편측 측두엽 및 두정엽에 그리고 1명은 전두엽에 뇌혈류 감소의 소견을 보였다. 2) 대뇌반구간 혈류분포의 변화를 비교하는 지수인 Cerebral asymmetry index는 정상 대조군에서 $0.08{\pm}0.03$, 알쯔하이머병군에서는 $0.11{\pm}0.04$ 그리고 우울증군에서는 $0.09{\pm}0.03$으로서 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 소뇌반구간 혈류분포의 변화를 비교하는 지수인 Percent index of cerebellar asymmetry는 정상 대조군에서 $0.4{\pm}0.7%$, 알쯔하이머병군에서 $-0.7{\pm}0.08%$ 그리고 우울증군에서 $-0.7{\pm}0.7%$로서 세군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4) 소뇌 계수치를 대조값으로 각 영역별 혈류분포의 변화정도를 비교하는 지수인 Region to cerebellum ratio는 우울증군에서는 정상 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 알쯔하이머병군에서는 양측 두정엽과 측두엽에서 유의한 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ 뇌 SPECT는 알쯔하이머병의 진단에 있어서 유용한 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.469-479
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• 1992

Searching for the clinical effects of colloid solutions that used to increasing the oncotic pressure of priming solutions at the cardiopulmonary bypass, 29 patients [who were diagnosised as simple VSD around 10kg of body weight and scheduled to be operated from June 1990 to December 1990 at Sejong General Hospital] were divided randomly and prospectively to the two groups: A group [15] was received 4gm% albumin as addition to the priming solutions and B Group [14] the same amount of Ringer`s lactated solution. 34 clinical parameters [Body weight, sex, age, body surface area, Qp/Qs, pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiopulmonary bypass time, anesthetic time, intraoperatively infused crystalloid and colloid amount, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity, urine osmolarity, urine specific gravity, serum concentration, serum osmolarity, urine osmolarity, urine specific gravity, serum protein, serum albumin concentration, urine output, central venous pressure, postoperatively infused colloid amount, immedediate post-operative peak inspiratory pressure, cardiac index, blood pressure and pump flow during cardiopulmonary bypass, inotro-pic assist, diuretics, extubation period, total drain amount, duration of ICU] were measured and compaired between the two groups. There were no differences of preoperative and operative clinical parameters. And postoper-atively, practically there were no nearly differences at the clinical outcomes between the two groups, but some parameters [cardiac index, PIP, BP and pumpflow during CPB, etc] contributed to being preferable to the Group A at certain times [P<0.05]. Conclusively, it might be thought that the priming solution of cardiopulmonary bypass added by colloid solution had some beneficial effects on the patients, especially younger and associated with complex anomaly to be expected taken longer time of cardiopulmonary bypass, and more studies about the neonatal and complex anomaly cases were needed in that points.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 2024

Objectives: Nitric oxide is the most important mediator of penile erection after the onset of sexual excitement. It activates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), increasing penile blood flow. Most pharmaceutical medications prevent enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) from breaking down cGMP, thus keeping its level high. However, due to the adverse effects of pharmacological therapies, herbal drugs that improve sexual function have gained attention recently. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of ginseng, Tribulus terrestris, and L-arginine amino acid on the sexual performance of individuals with erectile dysfunction (ED) using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Methods: Over three months, 98 men with erectile dysfunction were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg of herbal supplements or placebo pills. Each herbal tablet contained 100 mg of protodioscin, 35 mg of ginsenosides, and 250 mg of L-arginine. Results: The results showed that the changes in the average scores of ILEF-5 within each group before and after the intervention indicated that all parameters related to the improvement of sexual function in patients with erectile dysfunction improved in the herbal treatment group (p < 0.001). The herbal group significantly improved IIEF-5 scores in nondiabetics (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the changes of IIEF-5 scores between the two intervention and control groups in diabetic patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, ginseng, Tribulus terrestris, and L-arginine have properties that increase energy and strengthen sexual function, making them suitable for patients with sexual disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 1991

Arterial fraction of total hepatic blood flow was estimated by a new method, slope method, on radionuclid angiogram using $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ and was compared with that from $^{99m}Tc-Phytate$ radionuclide angiogram. This study included 11 of normal subjects, 37 of intermediate group with various liver diseases, and 25 patients with liver cirrhosis. We analyzed the datas with slope method from radionuclide angiograms and the results were compared with hepatic arterial fractions from uptake method, introduced by Lee et al. at 1986. The hepatic arterial fractions from radionuclide angiograms using $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ and $^{99m}Tc-Phytate$ were $0.32{\pm}0.09\;and\;0.31{\pm}0.11$ respectively in normal subjects, and $0.75{\pm}0.18\;and\;0.77{\pm}0.21$ respectively in patients with liver cirrhosis. The hepatic arterial fractions by the slope method was well correlated with those of the uptake method on $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ scan. There was high correlation between the hepatic arterial fractions from $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ and $^{99m}Tc-Phytate$ scans. Hepatic arterial fraction estimated by the slope method is a useful index for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and the evaluation of status of portal hypertension.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 1998

Background and Purpose : Cerebrovascular reactivity(CVR) can be estimated by measuring the change of cerebral blood flow that occurs during vasostimulation. To estimate the cerebrovascular reactivity, we investigated the change of flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery(MCA) during hyperventilation and hypoventilation with the transcranial doppler. So we studied whether the CVR measured by this method could show a significant difference between the normal and the cerebral infarction subjects and whether the CVR may decrease with age in normal subjects. Methods : Using transcranial doppler, we measured the mean velocity(Vm), the pulsatility index(P.I.) at the resting state, the end of breath-holding and the end of hyperventilation in 36 normal and 10 cerebral infarction subjects, so we calculated the percentile change of mean velocity(%${\Delta}$Vm) and P.I.(%${\Delta}$P.I.) after the vasostimulation. We estimated the change of Vm, P.I., %${\Delta}$Vm and %${\Delta}$P.I. by the age group and compared those parameters between the age-matched normal control and cerebral infarction subjects. Results : The Vm in MCA significantly decreased with age(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Vm and P.I. between normal and cerebral infarction subjects. The %${\Delta}$Vm and %${\Delta}$P.I. in response to hyperventilation significantly decreased with age in MCA and there was significant difference in $%{\Delta}Vm$ of MCA after breath-holding between the normal and cerebral infarction subjects. Conclusion : The breath-holding and hyperventilation tests could be non-invasive and useful methods in estimation of the cerebrovascular reactivity and could be applied in the basal and follow-up evaluation of the cerebrovascular reserve of the ischemic stroke patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2000

Background: From our clinical experience, there were some problems in paratracheal stellate ganglion block at 6th cervical level (C 6 SGB), for example, lesser change in blood flow of the upper extremity and more occurrence of hoarseness. This study was undertaken to compare the various effectiveness of C 6 SGB and paratracheal stellate ganglion block at 7th cervical level (C 7 SGB). Methods: Forty patients were equally divided into 2 groups. In the Group I, patients were undertaken C 6 SGB with 0.25% bupivacaine 6 mL and in the Group II, patients were undertaken C 7 SGB with 0.25% bupivacaine 6mL. The skin temperature of index finger was measured before and after SGB and the warm sensation on face and upper extremity, hoarseness and upper extremity paralysis were studied. Results: The skin temperature of index finger was increased significantly from $33.95{\pm}0.89^{\circ}C$ to $34.51{\pm}0.90^{\circ}C$ in the Group I and from $33.94{\pm}0.82^{\circ}C$ to $35.38{\pm}0.66^{\circ}C$ in the Group II (P<0.05) The increase of skin temperature of index finger after procedure was $0.56{\pm}0.09^{\circ}C$ in the Group I and $1.44{\pm}0.02^{\circ}C$ in the Group II. The increase of skin temperature of index finger in the Group II was more statistically significant than Group I (P<0.05). The occurance of hoarseness in the Group II was significantly less than in the Group I. There was no significant difference in warm sensation on face and upper extremity and paralysis of upper extremity in both Groups. Conclusions: C 7 SGB showed better sympathetic block effect on upper extremity than C 6 SGB and hoarseness did not occur in C 7 SGB.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.230-239
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• 1999

Digital color doppler ultrasonographic system(DCDUS) has a lot of diagnostic functions. One of these is a detection of low velocity vessels in the organs of abdominal cavity. The purpose of study was to determine the clinical usefulness of DCDUS. Interlobar artery resistive index(RI), pulsatility index(PI) and systolic diastolic ratio(SDr) were measured for diagnosis of obstructed urinary tract. RI, PI and SDr were a measure of intrarenal blood flow impedance. This study was consisted of 2 groups. The normal group was studied in 16 normal adult dogs and the study group was studied 7 dogs with surgically induced, unilateral ureteral obstruction. In the study group, parameters were checked in normal condition and on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day after ligation. The result were summarized as follows. In the normal group, RI, PI and SDr of the left kidney was $0.65{\pm}0.04$, $1.25{\pm}0.12$ and $292.45{\pm}29.40$, respectively. RI, PI and SDr of the right kidney were $0.64{\pm}0.05$, $1.28{\pm}0.20$ and $282.25{\pm}37.26$, respectively. In the study group, RI of the left kidney induced ligation was increased significantly on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day. RI of the left kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day were $0.75{\pm}0.05$, $0.71{\pm}0.03$, $0.74{\pm}0.04$, $0.74{\pm}0.02$, $0.73{\pm}0.02$ and $0.73{\pm}0.04$, respectively. PI of the left kidney was increased significantly on 1, 3, 5 and 7th day. PI of the left kidney on 1, 3, 5 and 7th day were $1.57{\pm}0.21$, $1.54{\pm}0.24$, $1.60{\pm}0.15$ and $1.60{\pm}0.26$, respectively. SDr of the left kidney increased significantly on 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7th day. SDr of the left kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7th day were $412.18{\pm}86.69$, $352.14{\pm}47.05$, $399.77{\pm}65.54$, $369.43{\pm}48.34$ and $365.57{\pm}22.46$, respectively(p<0.05). In the study group, RI of the left kidney was more increased than that of the right kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day. PI of the left kidney was more increased than that of the right kidney on 1, 3, 5, and 7th day. SDr of the left kidney was more increased than that of the right kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7th day(p<0.05). RI was effective in the diagnosis of an acute unilateral ureteral obstruction. PI and SDr were insufficient in the diagnosis of an acute unilateral ureteral obstruction.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.11-27
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• 1970

Cardiac output, plasma volume and renal plasma flow were determined to evaluate hemodynamic changes in 29 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The mean plasma volume was 3793+895ml and it was significantly higher than the normal controls. The mean blood volume ($5266{\pm}1222ml$) and blood volume per kg body weight ($95.7{\pm}23.41ml$) were also increased significantly. The mean plasma volume per kg body weight ($69.1{\pm}19.1ml$) showed increased tendency and the mean difference between blood volume and plasma volume per kg body weight ($26.4{\pm}7.05ml$) was in lower limit of normal range. 2. The mean cardiac output was $7708{\pm}2652ml/min$ and it was significantly increased. The mean cardiac index ($4924{\pm}1998ml/min/M^2$), stroke volume ($96.2{\pm}34.2ml/beat$), stroke index ($62.3{\pm}27.34ml/M^2$) and fractional cardiac index ($1.54{\pm}0.577$) were also increased significantly. The mean total -peripheral resistance was $1664{\pm}753.8\;dynes\;sec\;cm^{-5}M^2$ and it was significantly lower than the normal controls. 3. The mean renal plasma flow was $537{\pm}146.8ml/min/1.73M^2$ and it was normal to decreased tendency. The mean endogenous creatinine clearance ($66.7{\pm}23.0ml/min/1.73M^2$) was significantly decreased. Filtration fraction was variable, but it was slightly lower than normal in most cases. The mean renal fraction of cardiac output ($11.4{\pm}6.27%$) was relatively decreased. 4. Although renal plasma flow was normal or decreased in general, it was definitely diminished in patients with creatinine clearance less than $60ml/min/1.73M^2$, resistant ascites, and signs of azotemia (elevated BUN and serum creatinine). 5. Diminished glomrular filtration rate with low filtration fraction and decreased renal fraction of cardiac output observed strongly supported increased renal afferent arteriolar resistance. 6. Renal circulatory impairment preceded azotemia or oroliguria in cirrhosis. 7. Clinical findigns and liver function were not correlated with hemodynamic changes, except for esophageal varices associated with high cardiac output obsedved. 8. No definite correlation of renal hemodynamics with plasma volume or cardiac output was found.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1065-1077
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• 1999

Background : Ventricular assist devices(VADs) are being used for patients in postcvardiotomy cardiogenic shock status bridge to cardiac transplant settings and in post-myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock. The VAD which was developed at the Deparment of medical engineering in Dankook University College of Medicine was a pneumatically driven device and can maintain pulsatile flow. The goal of this study is to develop animal experimental models using the VAD and to clarify the reliability and hemodynamic property adequacy of end organ perfusion durability and severity of thrombotic-hemolytic tendency of the device. Material and Method : The pneumatic VAD was applied to 8 adult female lambs, We examined some hemodynamic parameters such as arterial blood pressure pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(pcwp) pulmonary artery pressure(PAP) left atrial pressure hour urine output cardiac index VAD flow EKG to determine the reliability of the VAD and hemodynamic compatibility of the experimental animals within 24 hours of experiment. We also observed the end organ perfusion durability of the VAD and thrombotic-hemolytic property of the VAD after 24 hours of VAD insertion. Result: We could monitor all hemodynamic parameters including pcwp PAP cardiac index EKG, adn hour urine as true clinical settings. We observed that the reliability of the VAD was excellent and the hemodynamic property of the experimental animal and end organ perfusion were adequate within 24 hours of experiment. In four lambs surviving 24 hours after insertion the reliability of the VAD and end organ perfusion were excellent and no thrombotic-hemolytic tendency was noted. However after 15 days of experiment the diaphragm of the VAD was torn and it was recommende that the durability of the VAD should be extended. Conclusion : e conclude that the pneumatic VAD developed at Dankook University Biomedical Engineering has good hemodynamic property and low thromboembolic tendency and presents adequate end organ perfusion but we noted that the durability of the device should be expanded further. It will be possible to do more reliable experiment in the future according to the animal experimental method developed in this study especially with the heart failure models.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.603-612
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• 2003

Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease. This is due to primarily dyslipidemia accompanying the loss of estrogen secretion. Soy isoflavones are known to have weak estrogenic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether isoflavone supplement improves the risk of cardiovascular disease in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Subjects consisted of 39 Korean postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol $\geq$ 200 mg/㎗ or LDL cholesterol $\geq$ 130 mg/㎗). Subjects were divided into 2 groups; placebo group (PG), isoflavone supplement group (IG). During 12 weeks, subjects were given placebo and 80mg isoflavone daily. Anthropometric measurement, blood sample analysis and dietary intake measurement were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (p ＜ 0.01) and plasma HDL cholesterol level was increased significantly (p ＜ 0.05) in IG. But there were no significant changes in plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels after isoflavone supplementation. There was a negative correlation between initial plasma HDL cholesterol level and the extent of plasma HDL cholesterol reduction in IG (r＝-0.572, p＝0.012). Atherogenic index (AI), total-/LDL- cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio were improved significantly after isoflavone supplementation. In subjects whose initial plasma LDL cholesterol level were above 160 mg/㎗, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level were decreased and total antioxidant status (TAS) were increased significantly after isoflavone supplement (p ＜ 0.05). However there were no significant changes in flow-mediated dilator (FMD), the marker of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and nitroglycerine-mediated dilator (NMD), the marker of endothelium-independent vasodilation and the extent of DNA damage after isoflavone supplement. In conclusion, these results indicate that isoflavone supplement may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease via improving blood pressure, HDL cholesterol level and AI in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Futhermore, in case of subjects with elevated LDL cholesterol level, isoflavone supplementation may have more antiatherogenic effects via improving antioxidant status.