Acknowledgement
This study was conducted using Highsense Barij® tablets manufactured by Barij Essence Company in Iran, and this company was supported all financial support.
References
- Adam DR, Alem MM. Erectile dysfunction: pharmacological pathways with understudied potentials. Biomedicines. 2022;11(1):46.
- Heruti R, Shochat T, Tekes-Manova D, Ashkenazi I, Justo D. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction among young adults: results of a large-scale survey. J Sex Med. 2004;1(3):284-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.04041.x
- Sin VJ, Anand GS, Koh HL. Botanical medicine and natural products used for erectile dysfunction. Sex Med Rev. 2021;9(4):568-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.10.005
- Wang H, Zhao M, Zhang J, Yan B, Liu S, Zhao F, et al. The efficacy of acupuncture on patients with erectile dysfunction: a review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022:4807271.
- Shankhwar SN, Mahdi AA, Sharma AV, Pv K. A prospective clinical study of a prosexual nutrient: Nano Leo for evaluation of libido, erection, and orgasm in Indian men with erectile dysfunction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:4598217.
- Sangiorgi G, Cereda A, Benedetto D, Bonanni M, Chiricolo G, Cota L, et al. Anatomy, pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and clinical management of erectile dysfunction in patients affected by coronary artery disease: a review. Biomedicines. 2021;9(4):432.
- Irwin GM. Erectile dysfunction. Prim Care. 2019;46(2):249-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2019.02.006
- Castela A, Costa C. Molecular mechanisms associated with diabetic endothelial-erectile dysfunction. Nat Rev Urol. 2016;13(5):266-74. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2016.23
- Hatzimouratidis K, Salonia A, Adaikan G, Buvat J, Carrier S, El-Meliegy A, et al. Pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction: recommendations from the fourth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2015). J Sex Med. 2016;13(4):465-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.01.016
- uckert S, Kuczyk MA, Oelke M. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors in clinical urology. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2013;6(3):323-32. https://doi.org/10.1586/ecp.13.16
- Panahi Y, Akhavan A, Sahebkar A, Hosseini SM, Taghizadeh M, Akbari H, et al. Investigation of the effectiveness of Syzygium aromaticum, Lavandula angustifolia and Geranium robertianum essential oils in the treatment of acute external otitis: a comparative trial with ciprofloxacin. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2014;47(3):211-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2012.10.002
- Masuku NP, Unuofin JO, Lebelo SL. Promising role of medicinal plants in the regulation and management of male erectile dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;130:110555.
- Chauhan NS, Sharma V, Dixit VK, Thakur M. A review on plants used for improvement of sexual performance and virility. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:868062.
- Taghizadeh M, Ostad SN, Asemi Z, Mahboubi M, Hejazi S, Sharafati-Chaleshtori R, et al. Sub-chronic oral toxicity of Cuminum cyminum L.'s essential oil in female Wistar rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017;88:138-43.
- Taghizadeh M, Farzin N, Taheri S, Mahlouji M, Akbari H, Karamali F, et al. The effect of dietary supplements containing green tea, capsaicin and ginger extracts on weight loss and metabolic profiles in overweight women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Nutr Metab. 2017;70(4):277-85. https://doi.org/10.1159/000471889
- Zhang H, Abid S, Ahn JC, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Yang DC, et al. Characteristics of Panax ginseng cultivars in Korea and China. Molecules. 2020;25(11):2635.
- Kim JY, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Ryu JH. Induction of nitric oxide synthase by saponins of heat-processed ginseng. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005;69(5):891-5. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.69.891
- Hossein M, Hossein A, Mohsen T, Jamileh J, Mohadese M, Mahnaz M. Evaluation of the effects of capsules containing Tribulus terrestris extract and L-carnitine on treatment of oligospermia in males. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2018;7(29):3266-70. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2018/736
- Gunarathne R, Nadeeshani H, Lu A, Li J, Zhang B, Ying T, et al. Potential nutraceutical use of Tribulus terrestris L. in human health. Food Rev Int. 2022;39(8):5326-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2022.2067172
- Santos CA, Reis LO, Destro-Saade R, Luiza-Reis A, Fregonesi A. Tribulus terrestris versus placebo in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a prospective, randomized, double blind study. Actas Urol Esp. 2014;38(4):244-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acuro.2013.09.014
- Gagnier JJ, Boon H, Rochon P, Moher D, Barnes J, Bombardier C. Reporting randomized, controlled trials of herbal interventions: an elaborated CONSORT statement. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(5):364-7. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00013
- Zou H, Zhang X, Chen W, Tao Y, Li B, Liu H, et al. Vascular endothelium is the basic way for stem cells to treat erectile dysfunction: a bibliometric study. Cell Death Discov. 2023;9(1):143.
- Aversa A, Bruzziches R, Pili M, Spera G. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(27):3467-84. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161206778343046
- Papagiannopoulos D, Khare N, Nehra A. Evaluation of young men with organic erectile dysfunction. Asian J Androl. 2015;17(1):11-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/1008-682X.139253
- Jurys T, Burzynski B, Potyka A, Paradysz A. Post-radical prostatectomy erectile dysfunction assessed using the IIEF-5 questionnaire - a systematic literature review. Int J Sex Health. 2021;34(1):55-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2021.1936333
- Su H, Lu Y, Ma C, Li H, Su X. Impact of atorvastatin on erectile dysfunction: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Andrologia. 2022;54(6):e14408.
- de Andrade E, de Mesquita AA, de Almeida Claro J, de Andrade PM, Ortiz V, Paranhos M, et al. Study of the efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Asian J Androl. 2007;9(2):241-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7262.2007.00210.x
- Choi YD, Park CW, Jang J, Kim SH, Jeon HY, Kim WG, et al. Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract on sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study. Int J Impot Res. 2013;25(2):45-50. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijir.2012.45
- Qi LW, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges. Nat Prod Rep. 2011;28(3):467-95. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0np00057d
- Yu J, Eto M, Akishita M, Kaneko A, Ouchi Y, Okabe T. Signaling pathway of nitric oxide production induced by ginsenoside Rb1 in human aortic endothelial cells: a possible involvement of androgen receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;353(3):764-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.119
- Leung KW, Cheng YK, Mak NK, Chan KK, Fan TP, Wong RN. Signaling pathway of ginsenoside-Rg1 leading to nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. FEBS Lett. 2006;580(13):3211-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.080
- Wang X, Chu S, Qian T, Chen J, Zhang J. Ginsenoside Rg1 improves male copulatory behavior via nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. J Sex Med. 2010;7(2 Pt 1):743-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01482.x
- Kang YJ, Sohn JT, Chang KC. Relaxation of canine corporal smooth muscle relaxation by ginsenoside saponin Rg3 is independent from eNOS activation. Life Sci. 2005;77(1):74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.12.016
- Najafabadi BT, Jafarinia M, Ghamari K, Shokraee K, Tadayyon F, Akhondzadeh S. Vitamin E and ginseng combined supplement for treatment of male erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial. Adv Integr Med. 2021;8(1):44-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2019.12.001
- Kamenov Z, Fileva S, Kalinov K. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Tribulus terrestris in male sexual dysfunction - a prospective, randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Maturitas. 2015;81(1):P208.
- Gauthaman K, Ganesan AP. The hormonal effects of Tribulus terrestris and its role in the management of male erectile dysfunction--an evaluation using primates, rabbit and rat. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(1-2):44-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2007.11.011
- Kam SC, Do JM, Choi JH, Jeon BT, Roh GS, Hyun JS. In vivo and in vitro animal investigation of the effect of a mixture of herbal extracts from Tribulus terrestris and Cornus officinalis on penile erection. J Sex Med. 2012;9(10):2544-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02889.x
- Zhang H, Tong WT, Zhang CR, Li JL, Meng H, Yang HG, et al. Gross saponin of Tribulus terrestris improves erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats by repairing the endothelial function of the penile corpus cavernosum. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019;12:1705-1716. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S205722
- Rhim HC, Kim MS, Park YJ, Choi WS, Park HK, Kim HG, et al. The potential role of arginine supplements on erectile dysfunction: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med. 2019;16(2):223-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.12.002
- Klotz T, Mathers MJ, Braun M, Bloch W, Engelmann U. Effectiveness of oral L-arginine in first-line treatment of erectile dysfunction in a controlled crossover study. Urol Int. 1999;63(4):220-3. https://doi.org/10.1159/000030454