• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in liver of KK mice of various ages and various duration of diabetes. Diabetes was induced by feeding high fat diet containing 20% corn oil(wt/wt). Weaned KK mice were fed high fat diet containing 51 IU or 2080 IU vitamin E per kg diet. Animals were sacrificed at 4, 6, and 9 months of age. In nondiabetic group, we found the decrease of antionxidative enzyme activities with aging. In diabetic group, antioxidative enzyme activities were decreased, and the change of hepatic vitamin E was related to glutathione peroxidase activity (r=0.71, p<0.001). Treatment with vitamin E did not modify the level of fasting blood glucose. However, it was observered that glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as hepatic glutathione levels were increased by vitamie E supplementation, whereas catalase activity did not changed. The present result suggest that high vitamin E supplementation protects against lipid peroxidative damage in diabetic KK mice.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.184-194
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• 2023

Recently, interest in food-derived bioactive peptides as promising ingredients for the prevention and improvement of hypertension is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and antihypertensive effect of an antioxidant peptide purified from velvet antler in a previous study and evaluate its potential as a various bioactive peptide. Molecular weight (MW) and amino acid sequences of the purified peptide were determined by quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of the purified peptide was assessed by enzyme reaction methods and in silico molecular docking analysis to determine the interaction between the purified peptide and ACE. Also, antihypertensive effect of the purified peptide in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was investigated. The purified antioxidant peptide was identified to be a pentapeptide Asp-Asn-Arg-Tyr-Tyr with a MW of 730.31 Da. This pentapeptide showed potent inhibition activity against ACE (IC₅₀ value, 3.72 μM). Molecular docking studies revealed a good and stable binding affinity between purified peptide and ACE and indicated that the purified peptide could interact with HOH2570, ARG522, ARG124, GLU143, HIS387, TRP357, and GLU403 residues of ACE. Furthermore, oral administration of the pentapeptide significantly reduced blood pressure in SHRs. The pentapeptide derived from enzymatic hydrolysate of velvet antler is an excellent ACE inhibitor. It might be effectively applied as an animal-based functional food ingredient.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2007

This study is to find out the antioxidative effect and serum lipid composition of wild grape seed powder in vivo. 20 white Sprague Dawley rats of six weeks old were divided into 2 groups and AIN-93 basic diet, high fat and cholesterol were provided. And they were examined to know how wild grape seed powder worked for antioxidative effect and serum lipid composition. For the comparing group, wild grape seed powder consisting 5% of the diet weight was provided and the quantity of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and cellulose was controlled following the analysis of the ingredients. The rats were fed for four weeks with experimental diet. Serum lipid and the antioxidant enzyme activity in blood and liver microsome were measured after 4 weeks of experiment. The results are as follows; There was no difference between the experimental groups in the initial body weight, final body weight, weight gain and FER. Food intake was higher in the group wild grape seed powder was provided than in the control group(p<0.05). Serum total cholesterol in the control group was significantly higher than that in the group wild grape seed powder was provided.(p<0.05). There was no difference serum HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol between the groups. Serum triglyceride showed no significant difference between the groups. In blood, glutanthione peroxidase activity was higher in the group supplemented with wild grape seed powder than in the control group. The glutathione reductase activity of blood showed no difference between the groups. In liver, the glutanthione peroxidase activity was higher in the group supplemented with wild grape seed powder than in the control group(p<0.05). Glutathione reductase activity in liver showed no difference in accordance with the supplementation of wild grape seed powder.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2022

Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, exhibits a strong anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of quercetin on chemotactic activity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) to culture supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, we determined whether this effect is related to interleukin (IL)-8 and changes in cytoskeleton. The chemotactic activity of PMNs was evaluated by a modified Boyden chamber assay. Total cellular filamentous (F)-actin levels were measured by method of fluorescence microscopy. The levels of IL-8 mRNA and protein were measured by real time polymerase reaction method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Quercetin (0-50 µM) itself has no chemoattractant effect for PMNs. The culture supernatant from PBMCs (2 × 10⁶ cells/mL) treated with LPS (1 ㎍/mL) showed remarkable increase in chemotaxis of PMNs. However, this effect was reduced dose-dependently by treatment with quercetin. In addition, PBMCs treated with LPS revealed enhanced levels in IL-8 protein and mRNA. Co-treatment of LPS with quercetin (50 µM) in PBMCs decreased IL-8 production and expression. Treatment of quercetin (0-50 µM) on PMNs to rpIL-8 (10 nM) decreased dose-dependently the chemotactic activity of PMNs. Treatment of quercetin on PMNs to IL-8 also reduced their total cellular F-actin level. These results suggested that quercetin attenuates chemotactic activity of PMNs, which is mediated by down-regulation of IL-8 production from LPS-stimulated PBMCs and inhibition of F-actin polymerization in PMNs.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 2000

There was not noticeable differences in decreasing blood alcohol concentrations between Korea and China-produced Hovenia dulcis $T_{HUNB}$, showing only 1-2 % higher decreasing rate for Korea-produced seed extracts than those from China. It was also found that the blood alcohol decreasing ability was greatly enhanced by partitioning the crude extracts produced from both places. The both extracts (crude and partitioned) accelerated the reducing rate of blood alcohol concentrations down to 1-2 hours, compared to that of control (taking only ethanol). The crude extracts from imported seeds seemed to have slightly better effect on improving in vivo ADH and ALDH activities than domestic ones; however, not for partitioned extracts. It was interesting that the partitioned extracts from both countries enhanced ADH enzyme activity up to 60% than the crude, compared to the control, while ALDH activity was not much affected by the partitioned extracts. It was also confirmed that both ADH and ALDH activities were well balanced in controlling blood alcohol concentration maintaining 28-29% of enzyme activities in vivo. The extracts proved to have better effect on enhancing ALDH activity than ADH activity, which is one of possible explanation that Hovenia dulcis $T_{HUNB}$ can effectively relieve the hangover by fast decreasing acetaldehyde concentration in the liver and blood. GST activity was also increased in the range of 120 to 300% by adding crude or partitioned extracts from both countries; however, there was no difference in enhancing GST activity between the extracts from two countries. The extracts showed competitive inhibition with GST activity, showing the reduction of enzyme activity at higher than 0. 6 (g/L) of the imported extracts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1981

The effects of total, protopanaxadiol-and protopanaxatriol-saponins on the in vitro activities of several enzymes in rat serum were observed Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased 61 % by total saponin and 46% by protopanaxatriol-saponin, compared to control group. While SCOT activity was slightly decreased by total saponin and protopanaxatriol- saponin, it was slightly increased by Protopanaxadiol-saponin And while SCPT activity was slightly decreased by total saponin, it was increased by protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol-saponin. Creatine phosphokinase activity had a tendency to be increased by protopanaxatriol-saponin. Lactate dehydrogenase activities were increased in three saponin treated groups, but those were nonignificant. Compared to the control group, lipase activity was increased by all saponin samples. It was increased 157% by total saponin The increase in lipase activity by total saponin corresponded with the decrease in serum t total lipid by total saponin .

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate changes in blood enzyme parameters and to evaluate the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), antler growth and body weight during the antler growth of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Serum enzyme activity and IGF-1 concentrations were measured in blood samples collected from the jugular and femoral veins at regular intervals during the antler growth period. Blood samples were taken in the morning from fasted stags (n = 12) which were healthy and showed no clinical signs of disease. Alfalfa was available ad libitum and concentrates were given at 1% of body weight to all stags. The experimental diet was provided at 9 am with water available at all times. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during antler growth, but alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased with antler growth progression, and the highest alkaline phosphatase concentration was obtained 55 days after antler casting. Serum IGF-1 concentrations measured from blood samples taken from the jugular vein during antler growth, determined that levels of IGF-1 was associated with body weight and antler growth patterns. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were higher at the antler cutting date than other sampling dates. Antler length increased significantly during antler growth (p<0.001), and there was a similar trend to between right and left beams. Body weight increased with antler growth but was not significant. Consequently it appeared that serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was related to antler growth and both antler growth and body weight were associated positively with IGF-1 concentrations during antler growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.497-501
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted on crossbred male calves to study the effect of arsenic (As) on immunity status and certain hematological parameters. Ten crossbred male calves of 3-4 months of age were distributed into two equal groups. Group I was kept as control, whereas, group II was supplemented daily with 50 ppm As (as $As_sO_3$) up to 90 days, in the diet. Calves of both groups were fed as per ICAR standards and their requirements were fulfilled by feeding concentrate mixture and green oats. All calves were kept under similar managemental conditions. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals to estimate various haematological parameters and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. Serum Ig and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were also measured. Cell-mediated immune responses of the calves were monitored at 0, 45 and 90 of experimental feeding, through lymphocyte proliferation. No change in blood total leukocyte counts (TLC), differential leukocyte counts (DLC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and SGPT was observed with As supplementation. A decrease in SOD activity was noticed in group II calves. Stimulation index (SI) for lymphocyte proliferation decreased from 1.14 to 0.79 in group II calves during 90 days experimental feeding, whereas, there was no change in SI values in group I indicating significant decrease in immune response of As supplemented calves. Blood As concentration increased in group II calves with the decrease in immune response. Short term supplementation of As to growing calves suggested suppressive effects on cell-mediated immunity. However, long term experiments are required to demonstrate clearly the efects of this toxic metal in calves.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

Objectives : Ojayeonjonghwan(五子衍宗丸) is composed of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB, and some medical herbs that are known as formula of senescence delay effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate th effect of Ojayeonjonghwan on antioxidant enzyme activities, such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione preoxidase (GSH-px) in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, Normal group (supplied enough water and feeds only, Normal Group), D-galatose administered group(injected D-galatose 50mg/kg, 1time/day for 6 weeks, Control Group) and Ojayeonjonghwan administered group (D-galactose 50mg/kg and Ojayeonjonghwan extracts 245.0mg/200g 1time/day for 6 weeks, OJY Group). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, GSH-px, Plasma total lipid, Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were measured in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Results : TBARS in plasma concentration of OJY group was significantly lower than that of control group. Red blood cell(RBC) SOD activity of OJY group was significantly higher than that of control group(F=16.057, p=0.0001, ANOVA test), RBC GSH-px activity of OJY group was increased(F=4.271, p=0.034, ANOVA test). RBC catalase activities of all experimental group were not significantly different. Total lipid and triglyceride concentration in plasma of all experimental groups were not significantly different. Total cholesterol concentrations in plasma of OJY group were significantly lower than those of control group(F=4.387, p=0.032, ANOVA test). Conclusions : According to the above results, it is considered that Ojayeonjonghwan is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidative enzyme activities in D-galactose induced aging rat.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 2005

Omeprazole (OMP) is a proton pump inhibitor used as an oral treatment for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. In the liver, it is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) isoenzymes such as CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. 5-Hyroxyomeprazole (5-OHOMP) and omeprazole sulfone (OMP-SFN) are the two major metabolites of OMP in human. Cimetidine (CMT) inhibits the breakdown of drugs metabolized by CYP450 and reduces, the clearance of coad-ministered drug resulted from both the CMT binding to CYP450 and the decreased hepatic blood flow due to CMT. Phenobarbital (PB) induces drug metabolism in laboratory animals and human. PB induction mainly involves mammalian CYP forms in gene families 2B and 3A. PB has been widely used as a prototype inducer for biochemical investigations of drug metabolism and the enzymes catalyzing this metabolism, as well as for genetic, pharmacological, and toxicological investigations. In order to investigate the influence of CMT and PB on the metabolite kinetics of OMP, we intravenously administered OMP (30 mg/kg) to rats intraperitoneally pretreated with normal saline (5 mL/kg), CMT (100 mg/kg) or PB (75 mg/kg) once a day for four days, and compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of OMP. The systemic clearance ($CL_{t}$) of OMP was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in CMT-pretreated rats and significantly (p<0.05) increased in PB-pretreated rats. These results indicate that CMT inhibits the OMP metabolism due to both decreased hepatic blood flow and inhibited enzyme activity of CYP2C19 and 3A4 and that PB increases the OMP metabolism due to stimulation of the liver blood flow and/or bile flow, due not to induction of the enzyme activity of CYP3A4.