• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2003

목 적 : 연도별 항균제 감수성의 추이를 파악하는 것은 항생제 치료에 대한 정보를 얻는데 매우 중요하다. 이에 저자들은 1997년부터 2001년까지의 혈액, 뇨, 분변 및 뇌척수액에서 분리된 균종 및 그들의 항균제 감수성검사를 분석하였다. 방 법 : 1997년 1월부터 2001년 12월 사이에 신생아에서 18세까지의 한일병원 소아과 외래 및 입원환아로부터 혈액, 요, 분변 및 뇌척수액에서 분리된 검출물을 대상으로 검사대장을 통해서 원인균주와 항균제 감수성 검사를 후향적으로 조사 분석하였다. 결 과 : 6,974검체의 혈액배양에서 226검체(3.3%), 4,549검체의 요배양에서 365검체(8.0%), 2,593검체의 분변 배양에서 50검체(1.9%) 및 655검체의 뇌척수액배양에서 9검체(1.4%)로부터 원인 균주가 분리되었다. 1) 혈액배양에서 Staphylococcus epidermidis(33.5%), Staphylococcus aureus(19.7%), Escherichia coli(13.8%)와 Burkholderia cepacia(9.0%) 순으로 많았고 요배양에서 E. coli(74.7%), GroupD Enterococcus(11.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.1%)와 Proteus mirabilis(2.5%) 순으로 많았으며 분변배양에서 Group D Salmonella 및 뇌척수액배양에서 Group B Streptococcus가 많이 분리되었다. 연도별 주요 원인균주의 빈도는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 2) 혈액배양에서 40명의 S. aureus 양성 환아 중 27명에서 methicillin에 내성을 갖는 S. aureus가 관찰되었다. 3) 혈액배양에서의 E. coli의 amikacin과 3세대 cephalosporin제제인 ceftizoxime 및 ceftriaxone에 대한 감수성률은 1997년도에 각각 80%, 100%, 80%와 2001년도에 각각 60%, 80%, 60%이었고 요배양에서 K. pneumoniae의 amikacin과 ceftizoxime 및 ceftriaxone에 대한 감수성률은 1997년도에 각각 80%, 100%, 80%와 2001년도에 각각 50%, 83%, 50%이었다. 4) 요배양에서의 Group D Enterococcus 양성률은 1997년도에 6.7%에서 2001년에는 15.8%에서 분리되었으며 다약제 내성을 보였고, 특히 vancomycin에 대해서는 11~33% 정도의 균주가 내성을 보였다. 5) Group D Salmonella의 amikacin과 3세대 cephalosporin계 항생제인 ceftizoxime 및 ceftriaxone에 대한 감수성률은 각각 96%, 96%, 92%이었다. 결 론 : 혈액배양에서 methicillin에 내성을 갖는 S. aureus가 67%에서 관찰되었으나 vancomycin에 내성을 갖는 S. aureus는 관찰되지 않았다. 혈액배양에서의 E. coli와 요배양에서의 K. pneumoniae의 amikacin과 3세대 cephalosporin제제에 대한 내성이 증가하는 경향이었으며 요배양에서의 Group D Enterococcus의 검출율이 증가하였고, vancomycin에 대한 내성이 17%에서 관찰되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2014

Purpose: Blood culture is the most important tool for detecting bacteremia in children with fever. However, blood culture contamination rates range from 0.6% to 6.0% in adults; rates for young children have been considered higher than these, although data are limited, especially in Korea. This study determined the contamination rate and risk factors in pediatric patients visiting the emergency room (ER) or being admitted to the ward. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of blood cultures obtained from children who visited Yonsei Severance Hospital, Korea between 2006 and 2010. Positive blood cultures were labeled as true bacteremia or contamination according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Healthcare Safety Network definitions for laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection, after exclusion of cultures drawn from preexisting central lines only. Results: Among 40,542 blood cultures, 610 were positive, of which 479 were contaminations and 131 were true bacteremia (overall contamination rate, 1.18%). The contamination rate in the ER was significantly higher than in the ward (1.32% vs. 0.66%, P<0.001). The rate was higher in younger children (2.07%, 0.94%, and 0.61% in children aged <1 year, 1-6 years, and >6 years, respectively). Conclusion: Overall, contamination rates were higher in younger children than in older children, given the difficulty of performing blood sampling in younger children. The contamination rates from the ER were higher than those from the ward, not accounted for only by overcrowding and lack of experience among personnel collecting samples. Further study to investigate other factors affecting contamination should be required.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Thorough screening of donors medical and social history, extensive serological and bacterial screening combined with developed processing and sterilization methods have improved the safety of the allogeneic tissues in recent decades. The risk of bacterial infection through allogenic tissue transplantation is one of the major problems facing tissue banks. The purpose study is to report the contamination rate in 358 retrieved tissues obtained strictly aseptic conditions, between 2001 and 2002 in Korea Tissue Bank. Samples from 9 donors(total 13 donors) were used in blood culture, and in 7 donors the blood culture were negative. Of the 358 tissues cultured in their entirety, 186(52%) were initially culture negative and 177(48%) were positive. Organism low pathogenicity were cultures from 20.2% of the tissues. To minimize the bacterial load, donors should be obtain in operating rooms, using aseptic techniques with only a few personnel for procurement. The procurement cultures from donors and retrieved tissues with multiple should be carefully interpreted. Blood cultures should be taken account, since these can help to find contamination not detect swab culture. A prospective cohort study is needed to determine which of the varied processing and sterilization methodologies gives the best quality.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2011

목적: 미숙아에서 피부상재균 배양 검사를 하는 것은 세균의 집락화가 침습성 감염에 선행되며 이런 집락화된 세균을 알고있는 것이 추후 발생할 수 있는 전신 감염의 원인균을 예측하는데에 도움이 될 수 있다는 근거에 기반한다. 본 연구에서는 초극소 저체중출생아에서 시행하고 있는 상재균 감시 배양 검사의 결과를 분석하고 이를 좀 더 효과적으로 시행할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 방법: 4년 동안 113명에게서 초극소 저체중 출생아에서 시행한 상재균 감시 배양 검사를 분석하였다. 상재균 감시 배양 검사는 겨드랑이, 외이도, 비강, 인후(삽관한 경우 기관흡입액), 항문, 이렇게 다섯 군데에서 일주일에 한번씩 총 4주간 시행하였다. 패혈증이 의심되는 환자에서 패혈증 당시의 혈액균 배양 검사와 이전 13일 동안 시행되었던 상재균 감시 배양 검사를 각각 비교하여 상재균 감시 배양 검사의 감도, 특이도 및 양성예측률을 계산하였다. 총 1,894쌍이 비교되었고, 상재균 감시 배양 검사의 감도와 특이도 및 양성예측률은 각 배양 장소와 배양된 균, 그리고 양성 혈액 배양 검사와의 시간 간격에 따라 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 상재균 감시 배양 검사의 감도는 45.9%, 특이도는 22.4%, 양성예측률은 6.8%였다. 양성예측률은 인후/기관의 배양 검사에서 11.0%로 가장 높았고, 항문 배양 검사에서 2.3%로 가장 낮았다. 상재균 감시 배양 검사의 감도, 특이도 및 양성예측률 모두 패혈증 시점과 가까워질수록 혈액 배양 검사와의 관련성이 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 상재균 배양 검사의 장소에 따른 분석에서는 겨드랑이와 인후/기관의 배양 검사만이 패혈증 원인균의 예측에 유용하였고, 비강과 외이도 및 항문의 배양 검사는 큰 도움이 되지 못하였다. 결론: 상재균의 감시 배양 검사는 패혈증 원인균을 예측하는데 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 이러한 감염 감시 검사를 현재의 다섯군데에서 겨드랑이와 인후/기관, 두 군데로 줄여서 지속시키는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 1980

Open heart surgery patients have additional risks arising from the special nature of the operative procedure. And postoperative infections in patients with extracorporeal circulation are associated with high incidence of serious sequelae. To investigate the incidence and organisms of contamination, and the relation between the duration of extracorporeal circulation and contamination, following study was done. Eighty-four of the open heart surgery patients were examined with cultures from the blood and priming solution before and after bypass. 1. Cultures before bypass were sterile, but 2 cases of cultures from the blood and priming solution after bypass were positive, and culture positive group was 5% of all patients. 2. The organisms were Gram-negative, aerobic coliform bacilli; 3. The culture positive group had significantly longer bypass time.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2018

목적: 국내에서 소아를 대상으로 시행하는 혈액배양의 적응증과 방법, 정도 관리 현황을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 종합병원에 근무하는 소아감염분과 전문의(소아감염)와 신생아집중치료센터를 운영하는 병원에 근무하는 신생아분과 전문의(신생아)를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 하였다. 결과: 소아감염의 81.1% (30/37)와 신생아의 72.2% (52/72)가 설문에 응하였다. 적응증과 무관하게 정규 검사로 혈액배양을 실시하는 경우는 소아감염의 33.3%, 신생아의 59.6%였다. 소아감염의 40%와 신생아의 65.4%가 균혈증 의심 환자에서 혈액배양을 1회 시행한다고 했다. 가장 많이 사용되는 피부 소독제는 포비돈-아이오딘이었고, 여러 피부 소독제를 사용하는 경우 그 순서는 기관마다 다양하였다. 배양 양성률 및 오염률을 모니터링하는 기관은 전체의 2/3 정도였으나 결과를 채혈자에게 피드백하는 곳은 적었다. 채혈 담당자에게 정기적인 교육을 하는 곳은 전체의 1/2 이하였다. 결론: 기관별로 혈액배양의 적응증과 방법이 다양하였으며 정도 관리를 적극적으로 시행하는 병원은 적었다. 소아에서 실시되는 혈액배양의 질 향상을 위해 표준 지침의 정립이 필요하며 정도 관리를 위한 기관들의 노력이 요구된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 1985

Isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria from blood cultures are still technically demanding procedures. Recently, with the use of gas liquid chromatography, the accuracy of identification is much improved. However, there has never been a satisfactory data analysis on anaerobic bacteremia in Korea. The authors evaluated both the clinical and the bacteriological data of 129 anaerobic bacteremias found at the Yonsei Medical Center during the period of 1973 to 1984. The most frequently isolated anaerobic bacteria were Bacteroides (52.7%), among which the major species was B. fragilis (38.7%). Incidence of anaerobic bacteremia by sex was 57% in male and 43% in female. Mortality was higg in groups below 1-year old and above 50-year old. The cause of death seemed closely correlated with the patient's age, general condition and the severity of the underlying disease. Various neoplasms were the most common (20%) underlying diseases predisposing the anaerobic bacteremia. Biliary tract was considered the most frequent route of infection in anaerobic bacteremia. The frequent clinical signs in anaerobic bacteremia were fever (65%), followed by liver function abnormality (29%), jaundice (20%) and hypotention(18%). When analysis of positive rate of blood culture was made on the patients from whom 4 cultures were done within 24 hours, it was found that 33% of the samples were positive. Isolation rate of anaerobic bacteria in thioglycollate medium was 83.8%, while it was 44% in Tryptic soy broth. Among the anaerobic bacteremia, 25.4% were polymicrobial infections with aerobic bacteria (92.5%), such as E. coli(33.3%). From these studies, it is concluded that B. fragilis is the most important causative organism in anaerobic bacteremia, with high fatality, particularly in those who have underlying diseases. The ports of entry are mainly biliary, gastrointestinal and female genital tract. Fever is the most frequent clinical sign. Single blood culture is not sufficient to detect all anaerobic bacteremia, therefore more cultures with optimal time interval are needed. The incidence of polymicrobial infection in anaerobic bacteremia is higher than that in overall bacteremia.

• 동의생리학회지
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• 제14권2호통권20호
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• pp.83-97
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• 1999

By inserting Boa-tang into culture median of lymphocytes from spleen of rat and lymphocytes in human peripheral blood The results were as follow. 1. In case of spleen lymphocytes of rat, cultures of lymphocytes did not significantly increased which were inserted Boa-tang $100{\mu}g/ml$, and which were inserted $10{\mu}g/ml$ at 3rd day 2. In case of spleen lymphocytes of rat, cultures of lymphocytes were significantly increased which were inserted Boa-tang $10{\mu}g/ml$ with Con A $2.5{\mu}g/ml$ at 2nd, 3rd day, and Boa-tang $1{\mu}g/ml$ with ConA $2.5{\mu}g/ml$ at 3rd day than inserted ConA $2.5{\mu}g/ml$ 3. In case of lymphocytes in human peripheral blood, cultures of lymphocytes were significantly increased which were inserted Boa-tang $100{\mu}g/ml$ and $10{\mu}g/ml$ at 2nd day to 5st day, and which were inserted Boa-tang $1000{\mu}g/ml$ at 2nd day to 5th day, and which were inserted $1{\mu}g/ml$ at 2nd day By looking at the following results, in case of rat cultures of lymphocytes were significantly increased which were inserted the lower density, but in case of human cultures of lymphocytes were significantly increased which were inserted the higher density.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 1964

A study on chromosome of leucocytes in blood cultures derived from 6 normal Korean was performed . Exact chromosome counts were carried out on 205 cells in male, 211 in female , of which 86.05% revealed a chormosome mordal number of 46. On the basis of relative chromosome lengths and position of centromeres, the Karyotype that the human chromosomes were classified into 7 groups with 22 airs of autosome and one pair of sex chromosome was determined accoridng to the method of denver report. The chromosome number on metaphase was observed in short term cultures of leucocytes from the peripheral blood of 2 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia and 1 patient with acute granulocitic leukemia . and the chromosome morpholoogy was also investigated in one acute leukemic patient. In all leukemic cases the leucocytes showed the constant value of 46 in the stem -line of chormosome number. But the frequency of cells with 46 chromosomes appeared in the 3 cases was 67.30% in average with a slightly higher range in hypo-andhyper-diploid chromosome numbers than in normal human, The idiogram analysis did not show any abnormality of chromosome in acute leukemic cells.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.136-139
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• 2023

Although cardiac myxoma is one of the most common types of benign cardiac tumors, infected cardiac myxoma is very infrequent. The diagnosis of infected cardiac myxoma may be challenging because the presenting symptoms are non-specific and established management guidelines are lacking. This report describes a 39-year-old woman with a 5-month history of uncontrolled fever, chills, and myalgia who was diagnosed with myxoma and underwent mass excision. Although blood and urine cultures were negative for growing bacteria, a pathologic examination showed that the excised mass was a left atrial myxoma, with pan-bacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the surgical specimen revealing Haemophilus parainfluenzae at 99.87%, resulting in a diagnosis of infected cardiac myxoma. Laboratory tests, such as PCR, may supplement culture results in the diagnosis of infected cardiac myxoma.