• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1978

Effects of Acanthopanax EtOH Extract (AEE) on the serum total cholesterol content of normal and cholesterol administered rabbits were investigated as a series of studies on pharmacological action, especially blood pressure to Korean Acanthopanax. AEE was administered orally(100mg/kg/day) and subcutaneously (30mg/kg/day) in both normal and cholesterol administered rabbits for 36 days. In this experiment the results obtained by comparing with values of the corresponding control group were as follows; 1) In the normal rabbits, long-term administration of AEE for 36 days did not entirely influence the serum total cholesterol content measured at 12th, 24th and 36th day and also not affect the original blood pressure and changes of blood pressure to norepinephrine, angiotensin and acetylcholine recorded at 36th day. 2) In the cholesterol administered rabbits, hypercholesteremia was induced by oral administration of cholesterol(300mg/kg/day) with feed. The rise rate of serum total cholesterol content was not modified at 12th day, whereas significantly inhibited at 24th and 36th days after begining this examination in both groups orally and subcutaneously administered AEE. Original blood pressure was declined and depressor action of acetylcholine was weakened in only group admininstered orally AEE of cholesterol-fed groups. Changes of blood pressure to norepinephrine and angiotensin in these all cholesterol-fed groups, and to acetylcholine in subcutaneous group of these cholesterol-fed groups were not affected significantly by AEE.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.2 s.133
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• pp.145-149
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• 2003

Many chemotherapeutic drugs were developed and contributed to the increase of cure rate of cancer, however severe side effect of these drugs is a major cause of poor quality of life of cancer patients. Effect of deer blood on cancer therapy was investigated in mouse tumor model. Deer blood itself was shown to have mild antitumor activity. However it has significant effect on the reduction of the side effects of chemotherapy. Deer blood recovered the reduction of WBC and platelet (myelotoxicity) during fluorouracil chemotherapy. Deer blood also recovered the increase of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN; indicator of renal toxicity) and increase of serum amylase activity (AMY; indicator of pancreatic toxicity) almost to the control level during cisplatin chemotherapy. Fluorouracil and cisplatin are major chemotherapeutic drugs which are currently used in clinical cancer therapy, and the results strongly suggest that deer blood can be used for reducing the side effects and improving the quality of life during chemotherapy of cancer patients.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

This study has attempted to establish an analysis method through validation against heavy metals in the body (Pb, Cd and Hg) using ICP-MS and Gold amalgamation and find out the relevance between heavy metal and Alzheimer's disease after analyzing the distribution of heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cd and Hg) and correlations between a control group and Alzheimer's disease group. In this study, Pb and Cd levels in the blood and serum were validation using ICP-MS. For analysis of Hg levels in the blood and serum, the gold amalgamation-based 'Direct Mercury Analyzer' has been used. According to an analysis on the heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cd and Hg concentration) in the blood, Cd concentration was high in the Alzheimer's disease group. In the serum, on the contrary, Pb and Hg were high in the Alzheimer's disease group. For analysis of correlations between heavy metal levels in the blood and serum and Alzheimer's disease, t-test has been performed. Even though correlations were observed between the blood lead levels and Alzheimer's disease, they were statistically insignificant because the concentration was higher in a control group. No significance was found in Cd and Hg. In the serum, on the other hand, no statistical significance was found between the heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Hg) and Alzheimer's disease. In this study, no statistical significance was observed between heavy metal and decrease in cognitive intelligence. However, it appears that a further study needs to be performed because the results of the conventional studies were inconsistent.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.337-345
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in the serum of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride(TG) and phospholipid (PL) in serum were significantly higher in the STZ (55 mg/kg B.W.)-induced diabetic group (group 2) and STZ(I.P.)+Prunus persica 5.0 g% extract group(group 3) than those in the control group (group 1, basal diet + water). But the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, TG and PL in serum were remakably lower in the group 3 than those in the group 2. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, Prunus persica 5.0 g% extract administration group(group 3) were higher percentage than in the group 2. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum were rather lower in the Prunus persica 5.0 g% extract administration group(group 3) than in the STZ- induced diabetic group (group 2). From the above results, it was suggested that the Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. were effective on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in serum of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, in Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. was effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in adult disease.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2005

Objectives : We conducted this study to examine the association between serum GGT levels within the normal range and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases Methods : We examined the cross-sectional association between serum GGT and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLcholesterol), and uric acid among 975 subjects that participated in the health examination of a university hospital located in Daegu city. All the patients' GGT levels were within the normal range. Results : After adjustment were made for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, drinking frequency, exercise frequency and coffee intake, the serum GGT level was positively associated with fasting blood glucose (p<0.01), total cholesterol (p<0.01), and triglyceride (p<0.01) in men, and it was positively associated with fasting blood glucose (p<0.01), total cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01), and uric acid (p<0.01) in women. The associations were not significantly different depending on the status of alcohol drinking or obesity, except for the associations of serum GGT with diastolic blood pressure (P for interaction=0.04) and uric acid (P for interaction=0.04) between the lean and obese subjects. Conclusions : Serum GGT levels within the normal range were positively associated with fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and uric acid in most subgroups irrespective of the drinking or obesity status. These results suggest that GGT has important clinical implications as being more than just a marker of alcohol consumption and hepatobiliary disease.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.549-557
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• 2005

Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (AS) on blood sugar content and serum lipid profiles of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Experimental groups were classified into four groups, that is, normal control (NC) group, diabetic mellitus (DM) group, AS-fed group and DMAS-fed group. The AS group showed lower feed efficiency than the NC group, but the efficiency of DMAS group was higher than DM group. DMAS group showed the decreased water intake and urine by $45.5\%$ and $23.7\%$ respectively, compared with DM group. Compared with DM group, DMAS group decreased blood sugar by $46.9\%$ and triglyceride by $17.8\%$, total cholesterol by $10.0\%$ and LDL cholesterol by $22.0\%$ in serum, but increased serum HDL cholesterol by $14.4\%$ The relative percentage of liver or kidney per body weight, and the serum ALT activity in DMAS group were lower than those of DM group. There were no significant differences in hepatic glutathione(GSH) contents and total xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities among experimental groups. The hepatic lipid peroxide(LPO) content in DMAS group decreased by $54.6\%$ compared with that in DM group. The XOD (O type) and the ratio of O type to total type of both STZ-treated groups (DM and DMAS) were higher than those of NC group, but less conversion of D to O type was observed in DMAS group than in DM group. There was no significant difference in GST activity between NC and AS, but STZ-treated groups showed lower glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity than NC. In conclusion, it seems that AS reduces blood sugar by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase type O as an oxygen-free radical generating system which induces the tissue damage. Antidiabetic effect of AS may regulate diabetes-induced high lipid profiles in blood.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 1993

Enzyme activity changes in rat blood as biochemical indicator useful for evaluating exposure dose were experimentally studied. The experimental results obtained are as follows: 1) Alkaline phosphatase activities increased in the blood serum until 24 hours after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2 and 4Gy irradiation and its activities returned normal condition after 72 hours of post-irradiation. Creatine kinase activities increased in the blood serum until 72 hours after 2 and 4Gy irradiation but any significant activity changes were not detected after 0.1, 0.25Gy irradiation. 2) Malate dehydrogenase activities did not reveal available changes after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy irradiation and lactate dehynrogenase activities decreased in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy irradiation.3) Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity changes were detected in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4Gy(0.1Gy/min.) and GOT activities increased after 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7Gy(0.5Gy/sec.). Any acid phosphatase activities were detected in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4Gy(0.1Gy/min.) and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7Gy(0.5 Gy/sec.) irradiation. Potentially some of these enzymes can be used as indicator protein for radiation injury. Futher investigation is needed to find better biochemical indicators utilizing recent know-ledge and techniques of biochemistry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Zizyphus jujuba seed extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipids in the serum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in serum were significantly higher in the STZ (55mg/kg B.W.)-induced diabetic group (group 2) and STZ (I.P.)+ Zizyphus jujuba seed extract group (group 3) than those in the control group (group 1, basal diet + water). But the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, TG and PL in serum were remakably lower in the group 3 than those in the group 2. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, Zizyphus jujuba seed extract administration group (group 3) were higher percentage than in the group 2. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were rather lower in the Zizyphus jujuba seed extract administration group (group 3) than in the STZ- induced diabetic group (group 2). From the above results, it was suggested that the Zizyphus jujuba seed were effective on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in serum of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, in Zizyphus jujuba seed was effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in adult disease.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.287-294
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• 2008

Protective effects of cheonggukjang fermented with 20% red ginseng (RC) were observed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by measuring levels of blood glucose, serum lipid profiles, and hepatic reactive oxygen species generating and scavenging enzymc activities. RC diet was prepared by mixing with AIN-76 diet at the final concentration 2%, and it was fed to STZ-induced diabetic rats for 3 weeks. The RC dict was significantly improved body weight, feed efficiency ratio, levels of serum glucose, and serum and hepatic lipids in diabetes. The significantly elevated O type activity of xanthine oxidase in diabetes was also greatly decreased by the RC diet. The treatment of RC showed the improved hepatic glutathione s-transferase activities in the diabetic animals. The present study indicates that cheonggukjang fermented with red ginseng could ameliorate STZ-induccd diabetic symptoms such as aggravated blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles, and even the conditions of oxidative stress.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 1987

The effects of ginseng on the blood biochemical components of heavy metals poisoning in mice were examined and following results were obtained. Albumin was decreased slightly in the heavy metal administration groups. But Serum Calcium, Glucose were almost the same as that of control group during the period. Heavy metal poisoning mice showed low levels of serum Total protein and A/G ratio. They also showed high levels of serum GOT, GPT, BUN, Cholesterol, Creatinine and Triglycerides. However, the administration of ginseng significantly inhibited the elevation of them.