• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2012

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Ingecheonggeumdan(ICD) on body weight and examined whether blood lipid levels and visceral fat are inhibited by it in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. Methods : 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 6 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, ICD-1(150mg/kg), ICD-2(300mg/kg), ICD-3(600mg/kg) and orlistat(10mg/kg). After mice were treated with ICD and orlistat for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin and lipid levels. We also performed histological analysis for liver and fat on the mice. Results : Compared with controls, ICD and orlistat-treated mice had lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in ICD-3. Compared with controls, ICD and orlistat-treated mice had lower blood leptin levels, the magnitude of which was prominent in ICD-3. Compared with controls, ICD and orlistat-treated mice had higher blood HDL-cholesterol and lower blood plasma LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride levels, the magnitudes of which were prominent in ICD-3. Blood plasma AST and ALT concentrations were not changed by ICD and orlistat, indicating ICD and orlistat do not show any toxic effects. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, the size of adipocytes and hepatic lipid accumulation were significantly decreased by ICD and orlistat. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that ICD and orlistat effectively reduce body weight gain, blood plasma LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride levels and improves abdominal fat, the magnitudes of which were prominent in ICD-3.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.1012-1018
• /
• 2010

This study investigated the functional effect by diets of Triticum aestivum sprout (TA) on the levels of blood glucose and lipid profiles in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes mellitus were induced by STZ intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg) into the male Balb/c mice. All mice fed AIN-93 diet for 3 weeks. Mice were divided to 4 groups: normal, diabetic control and two experimental groups (TA 5.0, diet with Triticum aestivum sprout 5.0% w/w; TA 2.5, diet with Triticum aestivum 2.5% w/w). The blood glucose level was decreased by TA intake in diabetic mice in the dose-dependant manner; 21.34% and 35.77% in TA 2.5 and TA 5.0 groups. The weight gain and feed efficiency ratio also were improved by TA intake compared with DM group. The weight gain was increased 1.28 and 1.09 folds in TA 5.0 and TA 2.5 groups, respectively. The weight of organs, including liver and kidney, was reduced but that of spleen and abdominal fat was increased by TA intake. Moreover, TA treatment increased the level of HDL but decreased the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood of diabetic mice. The blood of HbA1c also was significantly decreased without changing hematocrit by TA treatment compared with DM group. These results indicate the TA intake has the functional effects attenuating blood glucose and plasma lipid levels in insulin-dependent diabetes.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 커피박 첨가 사료가 육계의 사양 성적, 면역 장기 무게, 혈액성상 및 항산화 방어 작용에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 실험 설계로서 3일령 육계 162수를 각 처리구당 54수씩(n=6, 케이지당 9수) 대조군(CON), 커피박 0.5%(CM0.5) 및 1.0%(CM.0) 3 처리군에 완전임의 배치하여 35일령까지 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 커피박 분말은 육계 후기 사양 기간(2~35일령) 동안에 첨가하여 급여하였다. In vitro radical 소거능 분석(DPPH 방법) 결과, 커피박 추출물은 매우 높은 radical 소거능(RSA)을 보였다. 사양 시험 결과, 커피박 0.5 및 1.0% 참가 급여는 체중, 증체량, 사료 섭취량 및 사료 요구율에 따른 부정적 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 간, 비장 및 F-낭 등 면역 관련 장기 무게 역시 커피박 첨가에 따른 영향을 받지 않았으나, 흉선의 무게는 커피박 첨가군에서 유의적으로(P<0.05) 증가되었다. 혈액 생화학 성상에서도 glucose, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol 등은 차이가 없었으나, albumin은 커피박 첨가군에서 유의하게(P<0.05) 증가하였다. 소장점막세포 및 간조직에서 SOD, GPX 및 GST와 같은 항산화 효소의 활성도 및 GSH 함량은 커피박 첨가에 따른 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 간세포의 microsome 조직에서 지질과 산화도(MDA)는 커피박 첨가에 따라 감소되었으며, CM0.5 군에서 대조군에 비해 현저히(P<0.05) 감소되었다. 결론적으로 0.5~1.0% 수준의 커피박 첨가 급여는 육계의 사양 성적에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 오히려 간 조직의 지질과산화를 억제하여 체 조직에서 항산화력을 증가시키므로 육계 사료 내 천연 항산화 소재로서 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 인삼 부산물 첨가 급여가 고온에서 사육된 육계의 생산성, 장기발달, 혈액생화학적 특성, 면역반응 및 스트레스 지표에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 총 100수의 1일령 수컷 병아리(Ross 308)를 공시하여 5주간 육계용 실험 케이지에서 사육하였다. 첫 일주일간은 동일한 초기사료를 급여하였고, 2주차부터 대조구(CON), 진생베리 0.5% 첨가(GB1), 진생베리 1.0% 첨가(GB2), 인삼 잎·줄기 0.5% 첨가(GLS1), 인삼 잎·줄기 1.0% 첨가(GLS2), 총 5개의 시험구에 임의배치 하였다. 환경 온도는 매일 오전 9시부터 오후 5시까지 32±1℃, 이후 시간은 28±1℃를 유지하였고, 사료와 물은 자유채식 시켰다. 생산성은 처리구들 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 사육후기(21~35일)와 전 기간(7~35일)에는 증체량이 모든 첨가급여구들에서 CON보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 혈액 생화학적 특성은 빌리루빈 수치를 제외하고는 시험구들 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈청 면역글로불린과 코르티코스테론 수치는 시험구들 간에 유의차가 나타나지 않았으나, 코르티코스테론 함량이 CON보다 첨가급여구들에서 첨가수준에 따라 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 결론적으로, 인삼 부산물의 사료 내 첨가급여는 육계의 생산성 및 각종 생리지표에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않으면서 성장기 육계의 고온 스트레스 저감에 긍정적인 효과가 기대되어 향후 지속적인 관심과 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2005

To examine the combined effects of a high-protein diet and aerobic exercise on body weight and composition and blood lipid profiles in overweight women, 30 young women were recruited and placed into three groups: The high-protein diet and exercise group (HPE), the exercise-only group (EXO) and the control group (CON) (30$\pm$3%, 27$\pm$2%, and 29$\pm$3% body fat, respectively) for an 8-week experimental period. Daily diet included 25% isolated soybean protein (>90% protein, approximately 400 kcal) combined with each subject s usual diet for the HPE group. The exercise program consisted of aerobic-type exercises undertaken >3 times/wk and for>30 min/session at 50-60% of maximal capacity. Physical fitness, body composition, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glucose were measured before and after the experiment. Maximal aerobic capacity increased by the end of experiment in both the HPE (from 27.2$\pm$3.5 to 35.l$\pm$5.9 ml/kg/min, p<0.01) and EXO (from 30.3$\pm$5.4 to 33.8$\pm$3.8 mㅣ/kg/min, p<0.05) groups. Percent body fat decreased by 3.3% (p<0.01) in the HPE group and by 1.5% (p<0.05) in the EXO group by the end of the experiment, but not in the CON group. Lower back strength and agility increased only in the HPE group. In the HPE group, TC decreased from 168$\pm$20 to 155$\pm$18 mg/dL and HDL-C increased from 57$\pm$l0 to 61$\pm$9 mg/dL in HPE (p<0.01). But TC and HDL-C did not change in the EXO and CON groups. TG and glucose did not vary among the groups. Although the EXO group showed a similar outcome to that of the HPE group, a favorable change in body composition and blood lipids as well as an improvement in aerobic capacity was more marginal in the latter group.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.329-336
• /
• 2011

Obesity contributes to an increased risk for chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. The prevalence of obesity has increased in Korea. We compared the clinical and dietary characteristics of obese adults (n = 30, 17 men and 13 women, mean age 29.9) to those with a normal weight (n = 15, 8 men and 7 women, mean age 26.5). We determined lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure, and serum free fatty acid (FFA). Dietary intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 3-day dietary record. Exercise patterns and average alcohol intake were determined. The average body mass index was 28.3 kg/$m^2$ in the obese and 21.2 kg/$m^2$ in the normal weight groups. The obese group had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, lower levels of HDL cholesterol, and higher blood pressures compared to the normal weight group. FBS was not significantly different between the two groups. The obese group had significantly more subjects with metabolic syndrome (26.7%) compared to the normal weight group (0%). Serum FFA levels tended to be higher in the obese (P = 0.087). No significant difference in caloric intake was observed between the two groups. No differences in carbohydrate, protein, or fat intake between two groups were observed from the FFQ. However, results from the 3-day dietary record showed that the percentage of energy from fat was significantly higher in the obese group. The frequency and amount of exercise did not differ between the two groups. Alcohol consumed per drinking episode was significantly higher in the obese group. These results confirm that excessive weight is associated with disturbances in lipid metabolism in these fairly young and otherwise healthy adults. Dietary factors, including higher fat intake and alcohol consumption, seem to be contributing to the obesity of these subjects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.743-748
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the molecular characteristics of the horse vascular endothelial growth factor alpha gene ($VEGF{\alpha}$) by constructing a phylogenetic tree, and to investigate gene expression profiles in tissues and blood leukocytes after exercise for development of suitable biomarkers. Using published amino acid sequences of other vertebrate species (human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, cow, pig, chicken and dog), we constructed a phylogenetic tree which showed that equine $VEGF{\alpha}$ belonged to the same clade of the pig $VEGF{\alpha}$. Analysis for synonymous (Ks) and non-synonymous substitution ratios (Ka) revealed that the horse $VEGF{\alpha}$ underwent positive selection. RNA was extracted from blood samples before and after exercise and different tissue samples of three horses. Expression analyses using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed ubiquitous expression of $VEGF{\alpha}$ mRNA in skeletal muscle, kidney, thyroid, lung, appendix, colon, spinal cord, and heart tissues. Analysis of differential expression of $VEGF{\alpha}$ gene in blood leukocytes after exercise indicated a unimodal pattern. These results will be useful in developing biomarkers that can predict the recovery capacity of racing horses.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 2016

혈중 LDL 콜레스테롤 농도는 이상 lipoprotein metabolism의 유효한 지표로 간주되고 있으며, 관상동맥질환 및 동맥경화증의 위해성과 직접 연관이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다(Goldstein and Brown, 1983; Venter et al., 1990). 또한 HDL 콜레스테롤은 말초조직에서 간으로의 콜레스테롤의 이동에서 중요한 역할을 하며, 유리형 콜레스테롤의 에스테르화를 촉매하는 효소인 lecithin:cholesterol acetyltransferase (LCAT)를 활성화하여 세포 안으로 콜레스테롤의 유입을 억제함으로써 동맥경화를 막는 역할을 한다(Steinberg and Witztum, 1990). 본 연구 결과 석창포 열수 추출물은 혈중 triglyceride 수준을 유의하게 낮추는 효과가 입증되었다. 또한 석창포 열수 추출물은 혈중 total cholesterol과 HDL-cholesterol 수준을 WKAG-M, WKAG-H군에서 유의하게 감소 시켰으며 LDL-cholesterol 수준은 석창포 열수 추출물 투여에 의해 유의적으로 증가되었다. 또한 이러한 결과로부터 석창포 열수 추출물은 혈중 지질 조절에 의해 동맥 경화 지수를 감소시킬 수 있으며 심장 위험 지수 또한 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 추후 석창포 열수 추출물 분획 중의 각 성분들이 혈중 지질 성상에 미치는 효과를 규명하는 연구를 수행하여 유효성분에 대한 연구를 계속할 예정이다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.116-125
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension in postmenopausal women. Methods : The study was a multi-center, four-arm, non-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. The experimental groups received 10 acupuncture sessions over 4 weeks(Group A, n=20) or 20 sessions over 8 weeks(Group B, n=20) along with usual care. The acupoints were GB20, LI11, ST36, and SP6, bilaterally. The acupuncture groups were followed-up for an additional 12 weeks after acupuncture treatment. The control groups received usual care for 16 weeks(Group C, n=10) or 20 weeks(Group D, n=10). The outcomes were blood pressure, blood pressure control rates, lipid profile, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP). Results : After 4 weeks, DBP in the acupuncture groups(A+B) showed no significant decrease compared to the control group(C+D). However, after 8 weeks of acupuncture treatment, group B showed a significant decrease in DBP after acupuncture treatment and follow-up period compared to control group. Although there was no difference between the acupuncture and control groups in SBP after acupuncture treatment, group B showed a significant decrease in SBP compared to control group after follow-up period. Lipid profiles and hs-CRP did not differ significantly between acupuncture and control groups. Conclusions : Acupuncture treatment for 8 weeks showed the effect on prehypertension and mild hypertension. To verify the effect of acupuncture on blood pressure, rigorous trials including more participants are required.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권12호
• /
• pp.2094-2103
• /
• 2017

Aging is associated with distinct changes in immune cells and a decline in immune function, leading to increased susceptibility to infection and reduced responses to vaccination. Certain strains of lactic acid bacteria exert beneficial effects on the immune system. Previously, we reported that Weissella cibaria JW15 isolated from kimchi possesses immune stimulatory activity in vitro. In the present study, we further investigated whether oral administration of JW15 improves immune function in aged mice. Eighteen-month-old female mice were administered JW15 daily at low (JW15-L; $1{\times}10^8CFU/mouse$) or high dosage (JW15-H; $1{\times}10^9CFU/mouse$), or with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) using oral gavage. Two-month-old female mice were included as healthy young mice. After 4 weeks, the mice were euthanized and immune profiles were analyzed using whole blood and spleen. In complete blood count analysis, the numbers of white and red blood cells were significantly increased in the JW15-L group compared with those in the old mouse (OM) control group. In addition, administration of either JW15 of LGG resulted in higher numbers of splenocytes in comparison with the OM group. Furthermore, proliferative potentials were higher in all probiotic groups than OM. Cytokines such as IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-6 were secreted at higher levels in splenocytes isolated from JW15-fed mice than in OM control mice. Similarly, mRNA expression of various cytokines was altered in the JW15 groups. Collectively, these results suggest that JW15 supplementation induces immunomodulatory effects in aged mice and indicate JW15 as a potential probiotic strain to improve immune function in aged animals.