• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.647-656
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between vitamin D level and dyslipidemia in Korean adults aged 19 years and older. The data for analysis were obtained from the sixth Korea National Health Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 and 2014. Result: This study showed that 74.4% of the specified adult population had vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was found to be 39.6% in the same population. Dyslipidemia differed significantly according to gender (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), smoking status (p<0.001), subjective health status (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), blood pressure (p<0.001), FBS (p<0.001), physical activity (p<0.001), and vitamin D level (p<0.001). When vitamin D deficiency was less than 20.0 ng/mL, there was a significant risk of dyslipidemia with an odds ratio of 1.29 (95% Cl, 1.11-1.51). The relationship between vitamin D level and a diagnosis index of dyslipidemia with controlled status of physical activity was statistically significant; in Korean adults, the odds ratio for total cholesterol was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.04-1.81) and for triglyceride was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11-1.66). Conclusion: Our results showed the relationship between vitamin D level and dyslipidemia was significant in Korean adults, and total cholesterol and triglycerides, which are indicators of dyslipidemia, was significant. Future studies, such as a more systematic cohort study investigating the relationship between vitamin D level and dyslipidemia may be helpful in confirming the causal relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.195-201
• /
• 2014

Body fluid has been studied for diverse fields like Ringer's solutions, artificial joint fluids, cell growth culture media because it plays a crucial role in controlling body temperature and acts as a solvent for diverse metabolite processes in the body and delivery media of mineral, energy source, hormone, signal and drug from and to cell via blood or lymphatic vessel by osmotic pressure or active uptake. Stratum corneum containing extracellular lipids and NMF (natural moisturizing factor) absorbs atmospheric water residing outside of cells and utilize it to hydrate inside of their own. This process is related to skin barrier function. In this study, we conducted the cell viability test with Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$, which mimicks body fluids including amino acids, peptides, and monosaccharides to strengthen skin barrier, and the clinical skin improvement test with cosmetics containing Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$. In the cell viability test, HaCaT cell was treated with PBS for 3 hours, followed by the treatment of a cell culture medium (DMEM) and isotonic solution (PBS) and Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$ for 3 hours each. Then, MTT assay and image analysis were conducted. In the clinical skin improvement test, twenty-one healthy women participated. Participants applied cosmetics containing Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$ on their face for a week and evaluated the skin hydration, skin roughness, brightness and evenness. All measurements were conducted after they washed off their face and took a rest under the constant temperature ($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and constant humidity conditions ($50{\pm}5%$) for 20 minutes. All the data were analyzed by SPSS (version 21) software program. Results showed that Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$ improved both the cell viability and in vivo skin conditions such as skin hydration, roughness, brightness and evenness.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 2005

Objectives : Allergic rhinitis is a prevalent disease. Nasal obstruction is one of the main symptom in allergic rhinitis. It induces sleep disturbances, depression, attention deficit, memory impairments. Acupuncture treatment for rhinitis was mentioned in literature, but there is not enough report that provide evidence by well designed clinical study. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of acupuncture treatment for nasal obstruction of allergic rhinitis. Methods : In this randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled study, we compared active acupuncture with minimal acupuncture for the treatment of nasal obstruction owing to persistent allergic rhinitis. Acupoints used in active acupuncture group were I120($Y{\hat{o}}nghyang$), GV23($Sangs{\hat{o}}ng$), IL4(Hapkok). Volunteers who satisfied the requirements were enrolled in study. Total nasal volume(NV) and total nasal minimum cross-sectional area(MCA) were measured by acoustic rhinometry before and after treatments(0min, 7.5min, 15min). Results : 101 subjects finished study. There were not difference between two groups on age, sex, weight, height, blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, severity of persistent allergic rhinitis, number of positive antigen. After treatment(0min) total NV were significantly increased compared with before treatment in active acupuncture group(p=0.0007) and minimal acupuncture group(p=0.0175). After treatment(15min) total NV of minimal acupuncture group was decreased compared with before treatment(p=0.2560), but total NV of active acupuncture group was maintained increasing in degree of borderline significance(p=0.0871). After treatment(0min) total NV were significantly increased compared with before treatment in active acupuncture group(0.0007) and minimal acupuncture group(p=0.0175). After treatment(Omin) total MCA were significantly increased compared with before treatment in active acupuncture group(p<0.000l) and minimal acupuncture group(p=0.0005). After treatment(15min) total MCA of minimal acupuncture group was decreased compared with before treatment(p=0.6082), but total NV of active acupuncture group was maintained increasing in degree of borderline significance(p=0.0929). Conclusion : Acupuncture treatment reduced nasal obstruction in persistent allergic rhinitis. Further study in the form of long term is needed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.108-118
• /
• 1999

Background: To evaluate the risk factor and long-term result of arterial switch operation , a retrospective study was done. Material and Method: A retrospective analysis was done to evaluate the early and long-term results on 58 patients who underwent an arterial switch operation(ASO) for transposition of the great arteries(TGA) with intact ventricular septum, between January 1988 and December 1996. Beforesurgery, 36 patients(62.1%) underwent balloon atrial septostomy, 32 patients(51.7%) received PGE1 infusion, and preparatory banding of pulmonary artery was performed on 6 patients(mean LV/RV pressure ratio 0.53$\pm$0.11). Result: The age at operation ranged from 1 to 137 days(mean 24$\pm$26 days) and the weights ranged from 1.8 to 6.8 kg (mean 3.5$\pm$0.8 kg). There were 14 early deaths(24.1%), but of the last 24 patients operated on since 1994, there were only 2 early deaths(8.3%). In the risk factor analysis, the date of operation was the only risk factor for early death(p-value < 0.01). Eight of the 14 early deaths were due to acute myocardial failure(mainly inadequate coronary blood flow). The length of follow-up ranged from 2 months to 8 years, average of 36$\pm$27 months. The follow-up included sequential noninvasive evaluations and 21 catheterizations and angiographic studies performed 5 to 32 months postoperatively with particular attention to the great vessel and coronary anastomosis, ventricular function, valvular competence, and cardiac rhythm. There were 5 late deaths(11.4%), one of thesedeaths was related to the late coronary problems, two to aspiration, one to uncontrolled chronic mediastinitis, and one to progressive aortic insufficiency and heart failure. The most frequent postoperative hemodynamic abnormality was supravalvular stenosis and the degree of pulmonary or aortic obstruction had slowly progressed in some cases, however there were no children who had to undergo a reoperation for supravalvular pulmonary or aortic stenosis. Aortic regurgitation was identified in 9 patients, which was mild in 7 and moderate in 2 and had progressed in some cases. Two patients who had an unremarkable perioperative course were identified as having coronary artery obstructions. The other late survivors were in good condition, were in sinus rhythm, and had normal LV functions. Actuarial survival rate at 8 years was 68.8%. Conclusion: We concluded that anatomic correction will be established as the optimal approach to the TGA with intact ventricular septum, though further long-term evaluations are needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.13-28
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Clinical character of chronic tension-type headache is bilateral, moderate intensity, persistent and chronic, repeating disease and CTTH is a common prevalent disease, but pathophysiology and likely mechanism remain unclear. It impedes subjective quality of life. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of sa-am acupuncture method for chronic tension-type headache. Methods : In this randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled study, we compared active acupuncture with sham acupuncture for the treatment of chronic tension-type headache. Volunteers who satisfied the requirements were enrolled in study. Evaluation of chronic tension-type headache was measured by VAS and Headache Disability Inventory(HDI), Six point Linkert Scale before and after treatments. Results : 26 subjects finished study. There were not difference between two groups on age, sex, weight, height, blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, Byeonjeung, sunrise of treatment. In change of VAS, there were not difference between two groups on before treatment. Before treatment per visit, VAS of 6th and 7th visit were significantly decreased in active acupuncture(each p=0.039, p=0.008) and were not decreased in sham acupuncture. In change of VAS on a withdrawing needling after treatment, VAS of 1st, 2nd, 6th and 7th visit were significantly decreased in active acupuncture (each p=0.001, 0.038, 0.035, 0.008) and VAS of 2nd, 4th and 5th, 6th visit were significantly decreased in sham acupuncture(each p=0.033, 0.032, 0.035, 0.031). In change of VAS on 2hrs after treatment, VAS of 4th and 5th, 6th visit were significantly decreased in active acupuncture(each p=0.014, 0.023, 0.027) and 5th visit were significantly decreased in sham acupuncture(each p=0.004, 0.009). In change of VAS on 4hrs after treatment, VAS of 4th and 5th, 6th visit were significantly decreased in active acupuncture(each p=0.018, 0.011, 0.015) and 5th, 6th visit were significantly decreased in sham acupuncture(each p=0.020, 0.015). In change of VAS on the next day after treatment, VAS of 3th and 4th and 5th, 6th visit were significantly decreased in active acupuncture(each p=0.032, 0.011, 0.005, 0.012) and 4th, 5th visit were significantly decreased in sham acupuncture(each p=0.001, 0.012). In change of VAS according to a current time(before treatment, after a withdrawing needling, 2hrs, 4hrs, the next day), total score of VAS was decreased more active acupuncture group than sham acupuncture group, but there were no statistical significance compared with sham acupuncture group. In change of HDI score, after treatment was decreased than before treatment in two group, but there were no statistical significance compared with two group. In change of Six point Linkert scale score, after treatment was decreased than before treatment in two group on 6th, 7th visit(active acupuncture 6th 7th each p=0.002, 0.003, sham acupuncture 6th 7th each 0.003, 0.009), but there were no statistical significance compared with tow group. Conclusion : Sa-am acupuncture treatment is effective to improve the symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic tension-type headache.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.129-140
• /
• 1994

The survey has for its object to detect prevalence rate of hypertension in target population, to find out the risk factor to hypertension, to detect the hypertensive patients cared pattern and therefore, to consider a effective counter plan for the long term about hypertension. The study, population of this survey was 894 out of 1013 target population from Feb. 1 1994 to March 31 1994 in Kyougsang-namdo Ulsan-gun Samnam-myoun. For these two month, check of blood pressure and direct measurement of height and weight was carried out by mass screening and home visiting and had an interview about risk factors for hypertension and cared pattern by questionnaire. The results of survey were as follows : 1. The prevalence rate of 894 study, population was 27.5% and 26.0% in man and 28.6% in women. 2. In male, the prevalence rate for age group, family history of hypertension, drinking, salt intake by risk factors were significant statistically. 3. In female, the prevalence rate for salt intake, body mass index by risk factors were significant statistically. 4. Motivation which was diagnosed as hypertension was that be examined for subjective symptoms of hypertension and routine check for health was only 25.0%, 9.1% and visiting to the hospital for other diseases, detect hypertension by chance was 65.9%. 5. The experience of treatment in prevalent cases was significant statistically in middle class of SES. And the place of treatment by risk factors could not be significant statistically in spite of the majority selected hospital generally. 6. The reasons of non-compliance in prevalent cases was restricting daily activities for its 45.5% most high and the interruption of treatment in prevalent cases was far from hospital geographically for its 47.6% most high 7. The preventive behavior about hypertensive by risk factors or general characteristics wasn't significant statistically. 8. Being treated or not in the near future about age group, SES, family history of the hypertension was significant statistically. And with regard to the place of treatment in the near future, in spite of the majority selected hospital generally, it wasn't significant statistically. 9. The reasons of non-compliance in incidence cases was restricting daily activities for its 46.8% most high. 10. The preventive behavior in the near future about age group, education level, SES, family history of hypertension was significant statistically.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2009

urpose : The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been demonstrated to play a major role in regulating blood pressure. Therefore, components of the RAS are likely candidate genes that may predispose an individual to essential hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Among them, the M235T polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene has been speculated to be associated with elevated circulating angiotensinogen concentrations and essential hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism in hypertensive adolescents and investigate its relationship with cardiovascular risks. Methods : Forty Korean hypertensive adolescents (aged 16-17, systolic $BP{\geq}140 mmHg$ and/or diastolic $BP{\geq}90 mmHg$) and fifty seven normal adolescents were included. Obesity index (OI), body mass index (BMI) were calculated. BP was measured by oscillometric methods in resting state. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was performed on DNA from the hypertensives subjects to analyze the M235T polymorphism. Serum homocysteine, insulin, renin, aldosterone and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were tested according to each genotype. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid artery diameter, Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were measured according to each genotype. Results : Genotype frequencies of T/T, M/T and M/M were 62.5%, 35.0%, 2.5%, respectively in hypertensive adolescents. The results were not significantly different compared to control group. Serum insulin, renin levels, BMI and OI were significantly higher in thoses with the M/M genotype as compared to those with the T/T of M/T genotype. Conclusion : This study showed that the M235T polymorphism was not associated with essential hypertension or any cardiovascular risks. Further clinical research is required to ascertain the relationship between this polymorphism and cardiovascular complications in Korean hypertensive adolescents.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Preeclampsia is a multisystem human pregnancy-specific disorder. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is linked with over-stimulation of inflammatory cytokines by placental ischemia via reduced uterine perfusion pressure during pregnancy. Although an increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been reported in preeclamptic women, there is little evidence of a relationship between TNF-alpha gene variations and preeclampsia. In this study, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), C-850T, in the TNF-alpha gene promoter region in Korean preeclamptic women and investigated the association between this SNP and the development of preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This polymorphism was analyzed in peripheral blood samples from 198 preeclamptic pregnancies and 194 normotensive pregnancies using a SNapShot kit and an ABI Prism 3100 Genetic analyzer. Results: Genotypes and allele frequencies for C-850T did not differ between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. The distributions of genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were 74.3%, 22.2% and 3.5%, respectively, in preeclamptic pregnancies, and 71.6%, 25.8% and 2.6%, respectively, in normotensive pregnancies. The frequencies of the C and T alleles were 0.85 and 0.15 in preeclamptic pregnancies and 0.84 and 0.16 in normotensive pregnancies, respectively. There was no increased risk of preeclampsia in subjects with the CT (OR, 0.83; P=0.44) or TT genotypes (OR, 1.32; P=0.64). Conclusion: We found no differences in the genotypes or allele frequencies of the TNF-alpha gene polymorphism between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. This study suggests that the TNF-alpha gene polymorphism may be not associated with the development of preeclampsia in pregnant Korean women.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Recently, after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation in preterm infants, unexplained hemodynamic instabilities are reported. To determine the incidence, risk factors and clinical manifestations of hemodynamic instability after PDA ligation in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: This retrospective multicenter study enrolled 18 VLBW infants who underwent PDA ligation from January 2002 to February 2008. Hemodynamic instability defined as unexplained cardiopulmonary dysfunction with increased dependency on mechanical ventilation and decreased blood pressure. Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight (BW) of all infants were $27^{+6}{\pm}1^{+6}$ weeks and 951${\pm}$245 g. Hemodynamic instability group (HI) included seven infants (39%) and hemodynamic stability group (HS) included 11 infants (61%). Compared to HS, HI had lower BW (1,033${\pm}$285 g vs. 821${\pm}$126 g, P=0.048) and weight on operation day (1,195${\pm}$404 g vs. 893${\pm}$151 g, P=0.042), longer hospital days (105${\pm}$29 vs. 141${\pm}$39, P=0.038), more severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), (no/mild/moderate/severe, 2/5/2/2 vs. 0/1/2/4, P=0.038) and higher preoperative $FiO_2$ (0.29${\pm}$0.06 vs. 0.38${\pm}$0.09, P=0.02). One case of mortality due to sepsis, which was not associated with ligation, was observed among HS. Conclusion: The incidence of hemodynamic instability after PDA ligation in VLBW infants was 39%. Low BW, low weight on operation day and preoperative high $FiO_2$ might be risk factors of hemodynamic instability after PDA ligation in VLBW infants. The hemodynamic instability could increase the severity of BPD and hospital days.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2003

All diets were based on feeds of fattening period pigs(LY x D, ca. 90 kg) with six treatments, which were the control, containing 5% beef tallow(C), 3% beef tallows and 2% perilla seeds oil(T1), 250 ppm vit. E(${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate) in T1(T2), 3% beef tallow and 2% squid viscera oil(T3), 250 ppm vit. E in T3(T4), and 3% beef tallow and 2% CLA(T5), respectively. Produced porks and their carcass characteristics were as follows. The daily gain of pigs was higher in T2 and 73 than any other treatments(p<0.05). Its T2 and T3 was 3.71 and 3.80 respectively, however, there was no significance in feed intake. The highest back fat thickness was shown in control group on market weight, while there was no significant difference on their initial weight. Loin-eye muscle area did not show any significant difference on initial weight and on market weight, however, its T5 was about twice as large as T2's. Content of triglyceride in blood was high in control group as compared to others; especially, the values for T3, T4 and T5 were significantly low(p <0.05). There was no significant difference in total cholesterol contents, and the ratio of HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol was higher in vit. E treated samples than untreated sample. Atherogenic index was high in sample with T3 and low in sample with T2. The perilla seed oil, squid fish oil, and vit. E decreased atherogenic index. Dressing percentage, back fat thickness, and grade did not show any significant difference(p >0.05); however, T2, C and T3, T1 and T5 showed 4.67, 4.29, 4.00 respectively, in grades.