• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2010

We performed the tests of acute and subchronic inhalation toxicity of methyl formate, which has limited toxicological data in spite of its widespread use and enhanced hazard consequent on its high volatility. The median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) was evaluated to be above 5,000ppm(12.27 mg/L). In the test with subchronic inhalation, there are no deaths, but with reduction of body weight, food intake, organ weight by exposure to 400 (0.98 mg/L) and 1,600 (3.92 mg/L) ppm, dose-dependently. There were statistical differences in some hematological and blood biochemical parameters as compared to control (e.g. neutrophile and lymphocyte in the 1,600 ppm group, calcium and A/G in 1,600 ppm group). Methyl formate under the exposure of 1,600 ppm showed the respiratory findings with nasal, it was confirmed that the chemical has respiratory hazard with 1,600 ppm inhalation exposure, induces nasal epithelial atrophy, olfactory cell degeneration/regeneration and the contraction of olfactory cells, etc. According to the notification with Ministry of Labor (No. 2009-68) for classification, labeling and MSDS of chemicals, it is suggested for methyl formate to be classified as category 4 in acute (10.0$4\leq20.0$ mg/L), category 2 (0.2$\leq$1.0 mg/L/6h, 90 days) in specific target organ-repeated exposure.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.179-179
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• 1998

We previously reported the hepato-protective effect of butanol soluble fraction of methanolic extract of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, the active component from the butanol soluble fraction was isolated by column chromatographic separation using Silica gel and Sephadex LH -20 and identified by spectroscopic methods such as Mass, $^1$H - NMR and $\^$13/C-NMR. The hepato-protective effect of the isolated active component on the CCl$_4$-induced liver damaged rats has been evaluated by performing blood chemical analysis and biotransformational enzyme analysis.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1989

Vibrio vulnificus Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted, performed chemical analysis, tested its biological activities, and compared to those of Escherichia coli LPS and Salmonella typhimurium LPS. The lethal activity of V. vulnificus LPS was 138.6138.6 mg/kg in mouse, but this was lower than thowe of E. coli LPS (56.3 mg/kg) and S. typhimurium LPS (37.5 mg/kg). The result of fatty acid analysis showed that V. vulnificus LPS had more saturated fatty acid than E. coli LPS and S. typhimurium LPS. Above results indicated that V. vulnificus LPS did not have much effect on the lethality. The results of biological responses of enzymes and blood cells by LPSs showed that V. vulnificus LPS had slightly greater activity than E. coli LPS and S. typhimurium LPS. V. vulnificus LPS was recommendavle for stimulant on interferon induction because of adequate stimulation and safety for host and cell lines.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.361-364
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• 1997

The paper is to report a case of zinc-deficient parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in a dog. In this dermatosis, although an available diagnosis of zinc-deficient dermatosis is to analyse the serum or hair zinc Bevels, exact analysis of zinc is difficult and unreliable due to contamination of zinc by various environmental, physiologic and disease-related factors. Diagnosis may be performed by history, physical examination and blood chemical analysis. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypercholesterolemia and low activities of serum alkaline photophatase and total protein. The dog showed thick crusts at the elbows joint, stifle joint and testis. Zinc sulfate is administered per oral to patient with application of salicylic acid added vaseline ointment on hyperkaratic lesions. The dog is successfully cured.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1972

Ginseng, the Korean medicinal radix, has been widely used in the Chinese medicine as well as in the folk remedies for many centuries. It is claimed from experience that ginseng exerts multiple therapeutic effects in a large variety of disorders. Despite of its popularity, the chemical analysis and pharmacological study of ginseng are not firmly established. Although there are some scattered reports of ginseng effects on blood pressure, there are few reports on hypertension especially. Recently, Lee & Cho (1971) reported that the administration of ginseng significantly supresses the production of renal hypertension. This study was undertaken to reevaluate the effect of ginseng on renal hypertension and to determine whether ginseng also supresses on neurogenic hypertension, and to clarify the mechanism of this antihypertensive effect. Male rats, weighing around 180 gm on an average were used. Renal hypertension was induced by Grollman's method under general anesthesia with 35mg/kg of pentobarbital sodium. Ginseng effect on blood pressure was observed on normal, renal hypertensive and neurogenic hypertensive rats respectively. Ginseng alcohol extract (40mg/kg) was administered daily subcutaneously from 3 days prior to producing hypertension. And in renal hypertensive rats, the effects of histamine and Avil on blood pressure were also observed. Histamine (0.05mg/kg) and Avil (0.025mg/kg) were also administered daily I.M. from 3 days prior to kidney-8-ligature. The results of the experiments are as follows: 1) No significant difference was observed in blood pressure between the normotensive control and ginseng-treated normotensive rats. 2) In renal hypertensive control, the mean blood pressure already was significantly elevated on 15th day and gradually elevated. The administration of ginseng significantly supresses the production of renal hypertension from 30th day as compared with control rats. 3) The mean blood pressure in neurogenic hypertensive control was average 143.1 mmHg on 7th day. On the other hand, in ginseng treated-neurogenic hypertensive rats, the mean blood pressure was average 125.5mmHg. The administration of ginseng significantly supresses the production of neurogenic hypertension as compared with control rats. 4) In renal hypertensive rats, the administration of histamine and Avil did not differ with control rats. 5) In ginseng-treated renal hypertensive rats, cholesterol contents of plasma, adrenal, kidney and spleen were slightly decreased.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.986-994
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• 1999

This study was carried out (a) to investigate the variations of blood chemistry and (b) to examine the secretion trend of endocrine substances in a dog model after electroacupuncture and laser stimulation at different time period(9 to 11a.m. and 6 to 8p.m.). Two acupuncture points ; Da Zhui(GV-14) and Shen Shu(BL-23) were electroacupunctured for 20 minutes with 2Vol, 20Hz and irradiated for 5 minutes with 8,000Hz. Before stimulation and after a lapse of time(10-minutes, 30-minutes and 60-minutes) all dogs were checked the following parameters ; cortisol, ACTH, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, Ca, P, SGPT, SGOT and creatinine. The results were as follow : The levels of cortisol and ACTH have been increased 10 minutes after the stimulation of the electroacupuncture and laser. The higher levels of cortisol and ACTH have been decreased to keep the normal levels from 30 minutes after the stimulation of the electroacupuncture and laser. The RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and WBC showed the physiological phenomena in the electroacupuncture and laser stimulation. In sero chemical analysis, calcium, phosphate, SGOT, SGPT and creatinine levels were within normal physiological ranges.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2010

A Persian chinchila (2 years old, intact female) and a Korean domestic shorthaired cat (3 months, intact male) were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with tachypnea. The two cats were diagnosed as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) by blood and blood chemical examination, radiographic examination, RT-PCR and electrophoresis analysis of pleural effusion. Thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (Ozagrel HCl, 5 mg/kg, twice a day) was administered to the Persian chinchila and Korean domestic shorthair for 13 days and 16 days, respectively. Pleural effusion disappeared after treatment with Ozagrel HCl. Further study is needed to establish a new application protocol of Ozagrel HCl for FIP cases.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2013

In this paper, we present a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) implantable blood pressure sensor which has designed and fabricated with consideration of size, design flexibility, and wireless detection. Mechanical and electrical characterizations of the sensor were obtained by mathematical analysis and computer aided simulation. The sensor is composed of two coils and a air gap capacitor formed by separation of the coils. Therefore, the sensor produces its resonant frequency which is changed by external pressure variation. This frequency movement is detected by inductive coupling between the sensor and an external antenna coil. Theoretically analyzed resonant frequency of the sensor under 760 mmHg was calculated to 269.556 MHz. Fused silica was selected as sensor material with consideration of chemical and electrical reaction of human body to the material. $2mm{\times}5mm{\times}0.5mm$ pressure sensors fitted to radial artery were fabricated on the substrates by consecutive microfabrication processes: sputtering, etching, photolithography, direct bonding and laser welding. Resonant frequencies of the fabricated sensors were in the range of 269~284 MHz under 760 mmHg pressure.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2010

Investigations for hematologic and biochemical values for Gyeongju DongGyeong dogs were performed. This study were conducted to determine normal blood and serum chemical values on DongGyeong dogs. Normal blood and serum chemical values were studied in 47 healthy dogs (male 28, female 19). The hematologic and serum chemistry results were confirmed by age, sex, shape of tail. The hematological values showed no difference from Korea native dogs. The hematocrit values ($49.0{\pm}8.1$(%)) of DongGyeong dogs (2-3 years group) were significantly higher than other dogs. The mean levels of MCV ($61.6{\pm}3.8({\mu}m^3)$) in DongGyeong dogs were lower than general dogs. The levels of cholesterol($220{\pm}80.5$(mg/dl)) and inorganic phosphorus ($3.6{\pm}1.0$ (mg/dl)) of DongGyeong dogs (2~3 years group) were significantly higher than Korea native dogs. Totally concentration of triglyceride ($66.2{\pm}17.0$ (mg/dl)) of DongGyeong dogs were significantly lower than Korea native dogs. The mean values of BUN were increased with age but no significantly. In conclusion, data obtained from this study may be valuable as a standard for interpretation of the results in hematologic and biochemical analysis of Gyeongju DongGyeong dog populations.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.343-354
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• 2018

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles ($Al_2O_3$ NPs) are among the most widely used nanomaterials; however, relatively little information about their risk identification and assessment is available. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential toxicity of $Al_2O_3$ NPs following repeated inhalation exposure in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were exposed to $Al_2O_3$ NPs for 28 days (5 days/week) at doses of 0, 0.2, 1, and $5mg/m^3$ using a nose-only inhalation system. During the experimental period, we evaluated the clinical signs, body weight change, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, necropsy findings, organ weight, and histopathology findings. Additionally, we analyzed the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), including differential leukocyte counts, and aluminum contents in the major organs and blood. Aluminum contents were the highest in lung tissues and showed a dose-dependent relationship in the exposure group. Histopathology showed alveolar macrophage accumulation in the lungs of rats in the $5mg/m^3$ group during exposure and recovery. These changes tended to increase at the end of the recovery period. In the BALF analysis, total cell and neutrophil counts and lactate dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 levels significantly increased in the 1 and $5mg/m^3$ groups during exposure. Under the present experimental conditions, we suggested that the no-observed-adverse-effect level of $Al_2O_3$ NPs in male rats was $1mg/m^3$, and the target organ was the lung.