• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.3_spc
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• pp.434-442
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• 2021

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the influence of dietary flavonoids on the growth performance, blood and intestinal profiles, and carcass characteristics of broilers by employing a meta-analysis method. Methods: A database was built from published studies which have reported on the addition of various levels of flavonoids from herbs into broiler diets and then monitored growth performance, blood constituents, carcass proportion and small intestinal morphology. A total of 42 articles were integrated into the database. Several forms of flavonoids in herbs were applied in the form of unextracted and crude extracts. The database compiled was statistically analyzed using mixed model methodology. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the doses of flavonoids were treated as fixed effects. The model statistics used were the p-values and the Akaike information criterion. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was <0.05. Results: Dietary flavonoids increased (quadratic pattern; p<0.05) the average daily gain of broilers in the finisher phase. There was a reduction (p<0.01) in the feed conversion ratio of the broilers both in the starter (linear pattern) and finisher phases (quadratic pattern). The mortality rate tended to decrease linearly (p<0.1) with the addition of flavonoids, while the carcass parameter was generally not influenced. A reduction (p<0.001) in cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations (both linearly) was observed, while super oxide dismutase activity increased linearly (p<0.001). Increasing the dose of flavonoids increased (p<0.01) the villus height (VH) and villus height and crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio (p<0.05) in the duodenum. Similarly, the VH:CD ratio was elevated (p<0.001) in the jejunum following flavonoid supplementation. Conclusion: Increasing levels of flavonoids in broilers diet leads to an improvement in growth performance, blood constituents, carcass composition and small intestinal morphology.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.128-141
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• 2022

Compared to the conventional farms (CF) rearing of broilers, the rearing management of animal welfare-certified farms (AF) must provide low stocking density, perch, air regulation, and feeding plant-based protein. This study aimed to compare the effects of rearing management in CF and AF on blood parameters, meat quality, and bioactive compound content in Ross 308 broiler chickens at the farm level before transportation to slaughterhouses. Blood and meat samples were obtained at 28-35-dayold chickens from three CF and three AF. In blood samples, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.01), total protein (p<0.001), albumin (p<0.01), and white blood cell (p<0.001) levels as well as the heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio [stress index (SI), p<0.001] were lower in broilers from AF than in CF. In meat samples, shear force (p<0.001, p<0.05), and carnosine contents (p<0.001, p<0.05) in both breast and thigh meat from AF were higher than those in meat from CF. The contents of linoleic acid (p<0.001), α-linolenic acid (p<0.001), and eicosapentaenoic acid (p<0.05) were higher in the samples from AF than those from CF. This study reveals that such differences are influenced by the different rearing factors in nutrition, housing, and management practices between CF and AF. Supplementation of plant-based protein and enough space to move due to lower stocking density accounts for the large differences between them. These results can be used as preliminary data showing that the AF system reduces the SI and enhances carnosine and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in chicken meat at the farm level before transportation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.871-876
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• 2002

This study was conducted to verify the relation between relation between vegetarian diet and the serum lipid levels, blood sugar and blood pressure from October 1996 to February 1997. The vegetarians subjects were 245 Buddhist nuns (age:23～79 yrs) and control subjects consisted of 235 healthy female adults (age: 23～70 yrs) selected from the teachers, the nurses and the housekeepers living in Chinju Gyeongsang Nam-do. The contents included anthropometric measurement, questionnaires about eating behavior score and preference for taste and biochemical characteristics of the blood. The results were summarized as follows. The average duration of vegetarian diet of the vegetarians was 13.1 years. Vegetarians prefer to a pepper, a sweet and a acidic in the right order but that non-vegetarians prefer to a sweet, a acidic and pepper in the right order. Both groups of less than a decade and more than two decade of vegetarian diet prefer to a pepper, sweet, a acidic, a bitter, a salty and a lily, and a 10～20 yr group with vegetarian diet was fond of a pepper, a bitter, a acidic, a sweet, and a oily, in the right order. This seems to be ascribable to a difference in the health knowledge and interest. Vegetarians and non-vegetarians who said that they were fond of salty were 38.8% and 52.8%, medium was 33.9% and 33.6%, and not salty was 27.3% and 13.6%. Eating behavior score of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were 25.1 and 23.1 respectively. Eating behavior scores of vegetarians were significantly higher than those of non-vegetarians (p<0.05). Eating behavior scores of the group with more than a decade of vegetarian diet were significantly higher than those of the group with less than a decade of vegetarian diet. Levels of serum total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and AI of the salty group were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of not salty group. Levels of serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, blood sugar had no significant relation with preference of salty. Blood pressure was not related with preference of salty, but that of those who prefer a salty tended to be high. This study also reveals that the preference of a salty was significant influence on serum total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and AI, but the vegetarians did not prefer salty and have a good eating behavior. Consequently, vegetarian diet can be considerably effective in reducing the level of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

The present study was designed to examine the effects of selenium(Se), vitamin E(Vit. E) and recombinant Bovine Somatotropin(rBST) administration on the selenium and vitamin E concentrations of blood in Hanwoo sires Hanwoo sires were randomly assigned to five groups; 1. control, 2. rBST, 0.09mg/kg body weight (BW) 3. Vit E, 1,500IU/kg BW, 4. Se 0.lmg/kg BW, 5. Vit E, 1.500IU plus Se 0.1mg/kg BW. rBST, Vit. E and Se for each experimental group were given 6 times at 15 days interval by intramuscular injection. Blood samples were collected 10 times for experimental periods, separated the serum by centrifugation, and stored at －7$0^{\circ}C$. Se and Vito E concentrations in blood were measured by fluorophotometer and HPLC. Se concentrations of blood in control, rBST, Vito E, Se and Se plus Vito E groups were 64.55, 65.50, 68.15, 73.11 and 74.09 ppb/$m\ell$, respectively. Se concentration in Vit. E plus Se group was significantly higher than in control and rBST groups (P＜0.05), but Vito E group was not significantly different in control and rBST groups(P＞0.05). The Vit. E concentrations of blood in control, rBST, Vit. E, Se and Se plus Vit. E groups were 2.27, 2.32, 2.80, 2.58 and 2.75 ppm/$m\ell$, respectively. Vit. E and Vit. E plus Se groups were slightly higher than those of any other groups, but not significantly difference in 외 I experimental groups(P＜0.05). These results indicate that Se and Vit. E concentrations of blood were slightly increased with the injection of Se and Vit. E in Hanwoo sires.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 1999

Background: In cardiac surgery, hypothermia is associated with a number of major disadvantage, including its detrimental effects on enzymatic function, energy generation and cellular integrity. Warm cardioplegia with normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass cause three times more incidence of permanent neurologic deficits than the cold crystalloid cardioplegia with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Interruptions or inadequate distribution of warm cardioplegia may induce anaerobic metabolism and warm ischemic injury. To avoid these problems, tepid blood cardioplegia was recently introduced. Material and Method: To evaluate whether continuous tepid blood cardioplegia is beneficial in clinical practice during valvular surgery, we studied two groups of patients matched by numbers and clinical characteristics. Warm group(37$^{\circ}C$) consisted of 18 patients who underwent valvular surgery with continuous warm blood cardioplegia. Tepid group(32$^{\circ}C$) consisted of 17 patients who underwent valvular surgery with continuous tepid blood cardioplegia. Result: Heartbeat in 100% of the patients receiving continuous warm blood cardioplegia and 88.2% of the patients receiving continuous tepid blood cardioplegia converted to normal sinus rhythm spontaneously after removal of the aortic cross clamp. There were no differences between these two groups in CPB time, ACC time, the amount of crystalloid cardioplegia used and peak level of potassium. During the operation, the total amount of urine output was more in the warm group than the tepid group(2372${\pm}$243 ml versus 1535${\pm}$130 ml, p<0.01). There were no differences between the two groups in troponin T level measured 1hr and 12hrs after the operation. Conclusion: Continuous tepid blood cardioplegia is as safe and effective as continuous warm blood cardioplegia undergoing cardiac valve surgery in myocardial protection.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.262-272
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• 2018

Background: Massive hemorrhage due to trauma is one of the major causes of death in trauma patients, and the quick supply of appropriate blood products is critical in order to reduce the mortality rate. We introduced a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) for safe and rapid transfusion of trauma patients. Using records collected since its adoption, we compared the characteristics of MTP applied group (MTP group) and MTP not applied group (non-MTP group) to determine whether there is an indicator for predicting patients to be treated with MTP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records and laboratory findings of patients who received massive transfusions in the trauma emergency room of a single tertiary hospital from February to August 2018. We analyzed various laboratory test results, the amount and ratio of the transfused blood products, and the time required for blood products to be released for the MTP group and the non-MTP group. Results: Of the 54 trauma patients who received massive transfusions, 31 were in the MTP group and 22 in the non-MTP group. There was no significant difference in initial vital signs (except blood pressure) and laboratory test results. Also there was no difference in the amount and ratio of blood products, but the time required for blood product release was shorter in the MTP group. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in clinical findings such as initial vital signs and laboratory test results between the MTP and non-MTP groups, but required blood products were prepared and released more quickly for the MTP group.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of mud flat bacteria origin protease supplementation on growth performance, amino acid digestibility, blood characteristics, meat quality, fecal VFA (volatile fatty acids) and NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen) concentration in finishing pigs. Eighty pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, 60.08±2.69 kg average initial body weight) were used during experimental period. Dietary treatments included 1) high nutrient density diet, 2) high nutrient density diet+0.1% protease, 3) low nutrient density diet and 4) low nutrient density diet+0.1% protease. For overall period, ADG was improved in treatment of high nutrient density diet added protease compared with treatment of low nutrient density diet without protease (P<0.05). DM and N digestibilities were improved in treatments of high nutrient density diet and low nutrient density diet added protease compared with treatment of low nutrient density diet without protease (P<0.05). Essential amino acid digestibility was improved in treatment of low nutrient density diet added protease compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Nonessential amino acid digestibility was improved in treatment of high nutrient density diet added protease compared with treatments of high and low nutrient density diet (P<0.05). BUN (blood urea nitrogen)　concentration in blood was increased in treatment of high nutrient density diet added protease compared with treatment of low nutrient density diet without protease (P<0.05). L*value of M. longissimus dorsi muscle was increased in treatments of low nutrient density diet compared with treatments of high nutrient density diet (P<0.05). In conclusion, mud flat bacteria origin protease was effective for improving growth performance, amino acid digestibility and influencing BUN concentration and meat color in finishing pigs.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on the egg qualify, blood characteristics and fecal $NH_3-N$ in laying hens. A total of two hundred fifty two laying hens were randomly allocated into three treatments with seven replications for six weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (control; basal diet), 2) BS0.2(control + $0.2\%$ Bacillus subtilis) and 3) BS0.4 (control +$0.4\%$ Bacillus subtilis). For overall Period, hen-day egg production tended to increase by the Bacillus subtilis $0.4\%$ in the diets, but was no significant difference. Egg weight, egg shell breaking strength, egg shell thickness, Haugh Unit, yolk color unit and egg yolk index were not affected by treatments. Difference of egg weight and egg shell breaking strength in the BS0.2 treatment tended to increase without significant difference. Difference of egg yolk index in laying hens fed Bacillus subtilis was increased (P<0.05). The concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) were not significant difference. $NH_3-N$ concentration in feces with BS0.4 treatment was significantly (P<0.05) lower than control. In conclusion, dietary Bacillus subtilis could decrease fecal $NH_3-N$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.743-748
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the molecular characteristics of the horse vascular endothelial growth factor alpha gene ($VEGF{\alpha}$) by constructing a phylogenetic tree, and to investigate gene expression profiles in tissues and blood leukocytes after exercise for development of suitable biomarkers. Using published amino acid sequences of other vertebrate species (human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, cow, pig, chicken and dog), we constructed a phylogenetic tree which showed that equine $VEGF{\alpha}$ belonged to the same clade of the pig $VEGF{\alpha}$. Analysis for synonymous (Ks) and non-synonymous substitution ratios (Ka) revealed that the horse $VEGF{\alpha}$ underwent positive selection. RNA was extracted from blood samples before and after exercise and different tissue samples of three horses. Expression analyses using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed ubiquitous expression of $VEGF{\alpha}$ mRNA in skeletal muscle, kidney, thyroid, lung, appendix, colon, spinal cord, and heart tissues. Analysis of differential expression of $VEGF{\alpha}$ gene in blood leukocytes after exercise indicated a unimodal pattern. These results will be useful in developing biomarkers that can predict the recovery capacity of racing horses.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 2001

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs), dibenzofurans(PCDFs), and biphenyls(PCBs) were analyzed by HRGC/HRMS in human blood samples from the Siwha industrial area in Korea. The PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in workers were higher than those in residents. The average TEQ concentrations of PCDD/Fs in workers and residents were 40.3 pg I-TEQs/g lipid and 16.6 pg I-TEQs/g lipid, respectively, and the total PCB concentrations were 174.1 ng/g lipid and 151.0 ng/g lipid, respectively. When applied to principal component analysis, the PCDD/F congener distributions of workers were differentiated from those of residents. But, all of them were similar to the distribution in several Korean foods. Estimated daily intake(EDI) of each person was calculated, and then only 40% to the total people were within the tolerable daily intake range(1-4pg I-TEQ/kg bw/day) suggested by WHO(1997).