• 설비공학논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.241-249
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• 1991

A quasi-three dimensional calculation method is presented on the basis of Wu's idea using finite element methods. In B-B flow the governing equations are cast into a single equation to overcome the restriction of the type of turbomachinery, and Kutta condition is exactly assured by introducing a combination of two kinds of stream functions. In H-S flow a dissipative force which is assumed to be opposed to the relative velocity is added to the governing equation for a consistent loss model. The entropy change along each streamline is then calculated by assuming that the dissipative force may be a force coming from laminar viscous stresses with inviscid velocity distributions. Both the flow solvers are combined to build a three-dimensional flow field through a few iterations. For an effect of the distortion of H-S flow surface the body forces are computed after each B-B flow calculation is finished. Mizuki's centrifugal impellers are tested numerically. The reliability of the numerical solution compared with experimental data is guaranteed.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.383-387
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• 2013

In the present study, we determined the antifungal effect of obacunone isolated from Phellodendri Cortex against Candida ablicans, a pathogenic fungus. The antifungal effect was analyzed by an in-vitro susceptibility test and in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Possible mechanism of the antifungal activity was also examined. Analyses of data resulting from the susceptibility test revealed that the compound inhibited C. albicans growth. At 25 ${\mu}g$ obacunone/ml, there was app. 45% reduction of CFUs (colony forming units) as compared to obacunone-untreated C. albicans yeast cells (P<0.01). In the murine model of disseminated candidiasis due to C. albicans, obacunone enhanced resistance of mice against disseminated candidiasis. During an entire period of 30-day observation, control animals all died within 14 days, whereas 60% of obacunone-treated mice survived (P<0.05). In addition, obacunone inhibited the hyphal production, a major virulence factor of C. albicans, from the blastoconidial form. Thus, obacunone appears to have antifungal activity for C. albicans infection. This may possibly be mediated by the blockage of hyphal production.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2002

본 연구는 신호교차로의 부근에 위치한 버스정류장과 교차로간의 최소 이격거리 산정을 목적으로 하였다. 교차로의 유입부에서는 버스가 승하차 서비스를 한 후 좌회전 차로로 진입하기 위해 필요한 거리를 기준으로 이격거리를 산정하였으며, 유출부에서는 좌회전한 버스가 정차를 위해 차로 변경하는 데 필요한 거리를 바탕으로 이론식을 전개하였다. 이를 위해 대기행렬모형과 간격수락모형이 이용되었다. 유도된 이론식을 이용하여 교통량 및 설계속도 등을 변수로 하는 모의실험을 실시한 후, 모의실험의 결과 값을 현재의 버스정류장 설치기준 중 교차로 부근의 설치위치에 관련된 기준인 엇갈림 길이의 계산 값과 비교하였다. 제안된 식들은 현재 설치된 정류장 위치의 적정성에 관한 개략적인 평가, 또는 신설하고자 하는 정류장의 위치선정에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 이론식은 버스의 진행 각도, 버스의 속도, 신호조건 등 일부 변수의 설정을 순화시켰다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 향후 본 연구와 관련하여 신호교차로에서의 버스와 주변 교통류의 운행특성에 관한 보조연구가 실시된다면 보다 현실적이고 합리적인 버스정류장 설치기준을 마련할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2014

The object of this paper is to evaluate the fission product inventories and radiological doses in a non-LOCA event, based on the U.S. NRC's regulatory methodologies recommended by the TID-14844 and the RG 1.195. For choosing a non-LOCA event, one fuel assembly was assumed to be melted by a channel blockage accident. The Hanul nuclear power reactor unit 6 and the CE $16{\times}16$ fuel assembly were selected as the computational models. The burnup cross section library for depletion calculations was produced using the TRITON module in the SCALE6.1 computer code system. Based on the recently licensed values for fuel enrichment and burnup, the source term calculation was performed using the ORIGEN-ARP module. The fission product inventories released into the environment were obtained with the assumptions of the TID-14844 and the RG 1.195. With two kinds of source terms, the radiological doses of public in normal environment reflecting realistic circumstances were evaluated by applying the average condition of meteorology, inhalation rate, and shielding factor. The statistical analysis was first carried out using consecutive three year-meteorological data measured at the Hanul site. The annual-averaged atmospheric dispersion factors were evaluated at the shortest representative distance of 1,000 m, where the residents are actually able to live from the reactor core, according to the methodology recommended by the RG 1.111. The Korean characteristic-inhalation rate and shielding factor of a building were considered for a series of dose calculations.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2010

FOXL2는 winged-helix/forkhead(FH) 도메인 전사인자로서 FOXL2 유전자에 돌연변이가 발생할 경우 blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome이라 불리는 BPES 질병이 유발되게 된다. BPES는 상염색체 우성인 유전적 질환이다. BPES type I의 환자는 조기난소부전증(POF)과 안검하수 증상이 함께 나타나는 반면, BPES type II의 경우 안검하수 및 소안검 등 안면기형만이 유발된다. FOXL2 단백질이 결여된 난소에서 granulosa 세포의 분화가 멈추는 것으로 보아 FOXL2가 정상적인 난소의 folliculogenesis에 필수적인 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다. 이전의 연구 결과에서, 본 연구진은 FOXL2와 상호작용하는 단백질에 대한 스크리닝을 통해 스테로이드 합성효소인 CYP19 전사활성에 영향을 미치는 steroidogenic factor-1(SF-1)을 동정하였다. 이번 연구를 통해 FOXL2가 CYP19의 전사를 향상시키고, SF-1에 의한 CYP19의 전사를 더욱 촉진시킨다는 것을 증명하였다. 이와 반대로, BPES 타입 I과 II에서 발견된 FOXL2의 돌연변이형들은 SF-1에 의해 증가된 CYP19의 전사활성을 향상시키는 능력이 감소함을 보여주었다. 본 실험을 통해 FOXL2 돌연변이에 의해 유발되어지는 BPES 질환의 병리생리학적인 이해에 대해 도움을 줄 수 있는 FOXL2의 야생형과 돌연변이형 사이의 서로 다른 기능적인 차이점을 규명하였다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2006

Objectives & Methods : I investigated 45 literature of Oriental and Western medicine about the treatment of pain in shoulder and arm. Result and Conclusion : 1. The etiological causes of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are attack of wind-heat on the lung, wind cold, damp-heat struggle between the vital energy and pathogenic factor and six pathogenic factors. And all these causes are the conception of blockage syndrome, Qi and blood stagnating in meridian system. 2. The treatment of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on Oriental medicine is mainly composed of both medical therapy for Bi syndrome due to pathogenic wind, deficiency of both Qi and blood, consumption of the liver and the spleen, and also acupuncture and moxibustion treatment by selection for acupoint. And those treatments are for treating etiology. And also there are treatments using the meridian system and Twelve Muscle Region and Ashihyeol for the purpose of treating the symptoms. 3. The etiological causes of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Western medicine are degenerative cut of tendon and nerve symptoms caused by tendonitis, bursitis, calcification, ruptured cervical disc and thoracic outlet syndrome. 4. The treatment of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on Western medicine is for alleviation of pain, such as giving an anodyne, steroid products, local anesthetic injection and stretching and strengthening the muscles.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2003

The heat and mass transfer on two kinds of tube surfaces (bare stainless steel tube and Teflon coated tube) in steam-air mixture flow are experimentally studied to obtain design data for the heat exchanger of the latent heat recovery from flue gas. In the test section, 3-tubes are horizontally installed, and steam-air mixture is vertically flowed from the top to the bottom. The pitch between tubes is 67mm, the out-diameter of tube is 25.4mm, and the thickness is 1.2mm ; blockage factor (cross sectional tube area over the cross sectional area of the test section) is about 0.38. All of sensors and measurement systems (RTD, pressure sensor, flow-meter, relative humidity sensor, etc.) are calibrated with certificated standard sensors and the uncertainty for the heat transfer measurement is surveyed to have the uncertainty within 7%. As experimental results, overall heat transfer coefficient of the Teflon (FEP) coated tube is degraded about 20% compared to bare stainless tube. The degradation of overall heat transfer coefficient of Teflon coated tube comes from the additional heat transfer resistance due to Teflon coating. Its magnitude of heat transfer resistance is comparable to the in-tube heat transfer resistance. Nusselt and Sherwood numbers on Teflon (FEP) coated surface and bare stainless steel surface are discussed in detail with the contact angles of the condensate.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.655-660
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• 2009

The potential anti-metastasis and anti-invasion activities of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) and claudin-3, a tight junction (TJ)-related protein, were evaluated using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The results of wound healing and Transwell assays showed that HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate inhibited cell migration and invasion. HDAC inhibitors markedly induced Egr-1 expression during the early period, after which expression levels decreased. In addition, the down-regulation of snail and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) in HDAC inhibitor- treated cells induced the upregulation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), E-cadherin and claudin-3. Cells transfected with Egr-1 and claudin-3 siRNA displayed significant blockage of HDAC inhibitor-induced anti-invasive activity. Collectively, these findings indicate that the up-regulation of Egr-1 and claudin-3 are crucial steps in HDAC inhibitor-induced anti-metastasis and anti-invasion.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

$K^+$ channels are involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological functions, including proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, in mammalian cells. Our previous study demonstrated that the blockage of $K^+$ channels inhibits mouse early embryonic development. This study was designed to identify the effect of $K^+$ channels during bovine embryonic development. $K^+$ channel blockers (tetraethylammonium (TEA), $BaCl_2$, quinine, ruthenium red and fluoxetine) were added to the culture medium during in vitro fertilization (IVF) for 6 h to first identify the short-term effect of these chemicals. Among $K^+$ channel blockers, fluoxetine, which is used as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate by approximately 6% when compared to control. During the in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes and the in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos, the oocytes and embryos were exposed to fluoxetine for either a short-term (6 h) or a long-term (24 h) to compare the embryonic development in response to exposure time. The 6 h exposure to fluoxetine during IVM did not affect the blastocyst formation rate, but the rate of blastocyst formation was reduced after the 24 h exposure. On the other hand, embryonic development increased approximately 10% in both groups of embryos exposed to fluoxetine for 6 and 24 h during IVC. Taken together, fluoxetine treatment during IVF and IVC, but not IVM, enhances bovine embryonic development. These results suggest that fluoxetine-modulated signals in oocytes and embryos could be an important factor towards enhancing bovine embryonic development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1553-1558
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• 2015

Background: COX-2 has been shown to play an important role in the development of breast cancer and increased expression has been mooted as a poor prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between COX-2 immunohistochemical expression and known predictive and prognostic factors in breast cancer in a routine diagnostic histopathology setting. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue of 144 no special type (NST) invasive breast carcinomas histologically diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2012 in Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah were immunostained with COX-2 antibody. COX-2 overexpression was analysed against demographic data, hormone receptor status, HER2-neu overexpression, histological grade, tumour size and lymph node status. Results: COX-2 was overexpressed in 108/144 (75%) tumours and was significantly more prevalent (87%) in hormone receptor-positive tumours. There was no correlation between COX-2 overexpression and HER2/neu status. Triple negative cancers had the lowest prevalence (46%) (p<0.05). A rising trend of COX-2 overexpression with increasing age was observed. There was a significant inverse relationship with tumour grade (p<0.05), prevalences being 94%, 83% and 66% in grades 1, 2 and 3 tumours, respectively. A higher prevalence of COX-2 overexpression in smaller size tumours was observed but this did not reach statistical significance. There was no relationship between COX-2 expression and lymph node status. Conclusions: This study did not support the generally held notion that COX-2 overexpression is linked to poor prognosis, rather supporting a role in tumorigenesis. Larger scale studies with outcome data and basic studies on cancer pathogenetic pathways will be required to cast further light on whether COX-2 inhibitors would have clinical utility in cancer prevention or blockage of cancer progression. In either setting, the pathological assessment for COX-2 overexpression in breast cancers would have an important role in the selection of cancer patients for personalized therapy with COX-2 inhibitors.