• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.315-324
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• 2011

Riparian vegetation distribution patterns and diversity relative to various fluvial geomorphic channel patterns, stream bank stabilization methods, and stream flow processes are described and interpreted for selected nature-friendly small stream bank protection of Goesan, central Korea. Idong Stream Pilot Project, which began in May 2003 and finished in December 2003, was selected to develop effective methods which was nature-friendly stream bank protection. The project aim to maintain or increase stream bank stabilization ecosystem goods and services while protecting downstream and stream bank ecosystem. A number of protecting methods which were a Flight of fieldstone, Vegetation block, Green river block, Stone net, Green environment block, Eco friendly cobble, Vegetation mat and Geo-green cell and Firefly block were applied on the bank of Idong stream. The stream sites have been monitored about vegetation conditions each method in 2007. We selected six points to separately investigate in left and right bank. The main purpose of this study was to find out suitable methods and to improve stream restoration techniques for ecosystem. On the stream bank, H environment block method (9.7) was the highest average of vegetation coverage and Firefly block method (3.87) was the lowest average in applied methods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2078-2082
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• 2009

Riparian vegetation distribution patterns and diversity relative to various fluvial geomorphic channel patterns, stream bank stabilization methods, and stream flow processes are described and interpreted for selected stream of Goesan, Central Korea. Idong Stream Pilot Project, which began in May 2003 and finished in December 2003, was selected to develop effective methods. The project aim to maintain or increase stream bank stabilization ecosystem goods and services while protecting downstream and stream bank ecosystem. A number of protecting methods which are a Flight of fieldstone, Vegetation block, Green river block, Stone net, Green environment block, Eco friendly cobble, Vegetation mat and Geo green cell and Firefly block were applied on the bank of Idong stream. The stream sites have been monitored about flora conditions each method in 2007. We selected 12 points for summer seasons to separately investigate in left bank, right bank and river bed. The main purpose of this study was to find out suitable methods and to improve stream restoration techniques for ecosystem. On the stream bank, Eco friendly cobble method(9.57) was the highest average of vegetation cover and Firefly block method(3.87) was the lowest average in applied methods.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

The main objective of this paper is to classify properties of the locational environment for each debris type by calculating likelihood ratio based on the correlation between the distributions for each type of debris landform. A total of 8 thematic maps, like as elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), soil drainage, geology, and landcover including with GIS spatial information generally used in this type of debris landform analysis. The results of this study showed that the block stream had a high likelihood ratio compared to talus in areas with relatively high elevation; and concerning slope, the block stream had a high likelihood ratio in a relatively low region than talus. Concerning aspect, a clear correlation could not be analyzed for each debristype, and concerning curvature, the block stream displayed a developed slope on the more concave valley than the talus. Analysis concerning TWI, the block stream displayed a higher likelihood ratio in wider sections than talus, and concerning soil drainage, the talus and block stream both displayed a high likelihood ratio in regions with well-drained soil. The talus displayed a high likelihood ratio in the order of metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and granite, while the block stream displayed a high likelihood ratio in the order of volcanic rocks, granite, and sedimentary rocks. In addition, concerning landcover, the likelihood ratio had the most concentrated distributed compared to natural bare land only concerning talus. Based on the likelihood ratio result, it can be used as basic data for extracting the possible areas of distribution for each debris type through the GIS spatial integration method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.600-602
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• 1998

RFC 959 정의한 FTP 의 세가진 전송모드, Stream, Block, Compressed전송 모드 중 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 전송 모드는 Stream 전송모드인데. 이 Stream전송모드에서 서버 또는 네트웍에 치명？인 오류 발생하였을 경우 이를 체크 할 수 없고 서버에 재접속하였을 겨우 처음부터 재전송 하영햐 하는 문제점이 발생한다. 이를 개선한 Block, Compressed전송 모드의 경우, 데이터 스트림에 정보 헤더를 추가하여야 함으로써 오버 헤드를 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 클라이언트 FTP상에서 전송 상태를 체크하게 함으로서 전송 중단시 중단된 시점부터 나머지 데이터를 보냄으로써 FTP의 스트림 전송 모드의 문제점을 개선하는 방법을 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.77-98
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• 1993

The intent of this study is to analyze the characteristics of distribution, patter, and deposits of the exposed debris slope landform by aerial photography interpretation, measure-ment on the topographical maps and field surveys in the southern part Taebaek mountains. It also aims to research the arrangement types of mountain slope and the landform development of debris slopes in this area. In conclusion, main observations can be summed up as follows. 1. The distribution characteristics 1)From the viewpoint of bedrocks, the distribution density of talus is high in case of the bedrock with high density of joints, sheeting structures and hard rocks, but that of the block stream is high in case of intrusive rocks with the talus line. 2)From the viewpoint of bedrocks, the distribution density of talus is high in case of the bedrock with high density of joints, sheeting structures and hard rocks, but that of the block stream is high in case of inrtusive rocks with the talus line. 2) From the viewpoint of distribution altitude, talus is mainly distributed in the 301~500 meters part above the sea level, while the block stream is distributed in the 101~300 meters part. 3) From the viewpoint of slope oriention, the distribution density of talus on the slope facing the south(S, SE, SW) is a little higher than that of talus on the slope facing the north(N, NE, NW). 2. The Pattern Characteristics 1) The tongue-shaped type among the four types is the most in number. 2) The average length of talus slope is 99 meters, especially that of talus composed of hornfels or granodiorite is longer. Foth the former is easy to make free face; the latter is easdy to produce round stones. The average length of block stream slope is 145 meters, the longest of all is one km(granodiorite). 3) The gradient of talus slope is 20~45${^\circ}$, most of them 26-30${^\croc}$; but talus composed of intrusive rocks is gentle. 4) The slope pattern of talus shows concave slope, which means readjustment of constituent debris. Some of the block stream slope patterns show concave slope at the upper slope and the lower slope, but convex slope at the middle slope; others have uneven slope. 3. The deposit characteristics 1) The average length of constituent debris is 48~172 centimeters in diameter, the sorting of debris is not bad without matrix. That of block stream is longer than that of talus; this difference of debris average diameter is funda-mentally caused by joint space of bedrocks. 2) The shape of constituent debris in talus is mainly angular, but that of the debris composed of intrusive rocks is sub-angular. The shape of constituent debris in block stream is mainly sub-roundl. 3) IN case dof talus, debris diameter is generally increasing with downward slope, but some of them are disordered and the debris diameter of the sides are larger than that of the middle part on a landform surface. In block stream, debris diameter variation is perpendicularly disordered, and the debris diameter of the middle part is generally larger than that of the sides on a landform surface. 4)The long axis orientation of debris is a not bad at the lower part of the slope in talus (only 2 of 6 talus). In block stream(2 of 3), one is good in sorting; another is not bad. The researcher thinks that the latter was caused by the collapse of constituent debris. 5) Most debris were weathered and some are secondly weathered in situ, but talus composed of fresh debris is developing. 4. The landform development of debris slopes and the arrangement types of the mountain slope 1) The formation and development period of talus is divided into two periods. The first period is formation period of talus9the last glacial period), the second period is adjustment period(postglacial age). And that of block stream is divided into three periods: the first period is production period of blocks(tertiary, interglacial period), the second formation period of block stream(the last glacial period), and the third adjustment period of block stream(postglacialage). 2) The arrangement types of mountain slope are divided into six types in this research area, which are as follows. Type I; high level convex slope-free face-talus-block stream-alluvial surface Type II: high level convex slope-free face-talus-alluvial surface Type III: free face-talus-block stream-all-uvial surface Type IV: free face-talus-alluval surface Type V: talus-alluval surface Type VI: block stream-alluvial surface Particularly, type IV id\s basic type of all; others are modified ones.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.23-26
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate water quality after construction of straightened concrete block at Tongbok stream and difference of water quality between natural stream and municipal stream artificially straightened. In Tongbok upstream which was natural block having a variety of sand, there was ability to purify pollutants by microorganism and filtration. There was ability to purify pollutants in natural section of the natural midstream which have a diversity and a plenty of sands. In Tongbok upstream BOD concentration was lower than that of reservoir, but in midstream which was straightened concrete block without sand, BOD and NH$_3$-N concentration was higher than that of upstream and deteriorated water quality.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.1215-1218
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• 1998

본 논문은 Digital Audio Compression(AC-3) Standard 인 A-52를 기반으로 하였으며 Borland C++3.1 Compiler를 사용하여 AC-3 Decoding Algorithm 구현하였다. Input Stream은 DVD VOB File에서 AC-3 Stream만을 분리하여 사용하며 최종 출력은 16 Bit PCM File이다. AC-3의 Frame구조는 Synchronization Information, Bit Stream Information, Audio Block, Auxiliary Data, Error Check로 구성된다. Aduio Block 은 모두 6개의 Block으로 나뉘어져 있다. BSI와 Side Information을 참조하여 Exponent를 추출하여 Exponent Strategy에 따라 Exponent를 복원한다. 복원된 Exponent 정보를 이용하여 Bit Allocation을 수행하여 각각의 Mantissa에 할당된 Bit수를 계산하고 Stream으로부터 Mantissa를 추출한다. Coupling Parameter를 참조하ㅕ Coupling Channel을 Original Channel로 복원시킨다. Stereo Mode에 대해서는 Rematrixing을 수행한다. Dynamic Range는 Mantissa와 Exponent의 Magnitude를 바꾸는 것으로 선택적으로 사용할 수 있다. Mantissa와 Exponent를 결합하여 Floating Point coefficient로 만든 후 Inverse Transform을 수행하면 PCM Data를 얻을 수 있다. PC에서 듣기 위해서는 Multi Channel을 Stereo나 Mono로 Downmix를 수행한다. 이렇게 만들어진 PCM data는 PCM Data를 재생하는 프로그램으로 재생할 수 있다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

The compression of video for both full HD and UHD requires the inclusion of extra vertical lines to every video frame, named as the DTV essential hidden area (DEHA), for the effective functioning of the MPEG-2/4/H encoder, stream, and decoder. However, while the encoding/decoding process is dependent on the DEHA, the DEHA is conventionally viewed as a redundancy in terms of channel utilization or storage efficiency. This paper proposes a block mode DEHA method to more effectively utilize the DEHA. Partitioning video block images and then evenly filling the representative DEHA macroblocks with the average DC coefficient of the active video macroblock can minimize the amount of DEHA data entering the compressed video stream. Theoretically, this process results in smaller DEHA data entering the video stream. Experimental testing of the proposed block mode DEHA method revealed a slight improvement in the quality of the active video. Outside of this technological improvement to video quality, the attractiveness of the proposed DEHA method is also heightened by the ease that it can be implemented with existing video encoders.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.206-214
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the formation process of the Second Mujechi Moor at Mt. Jeongjok. For doing so, 1 analysed the formation process of valley which moor is located in, and the formation process of block field damming the valley: First, it is not a valley but a hollow which the Second Mujechi Moor located in. Hollow was formed as weathering bedrock weathered deeply along joints under warm and wet climatic conditions was denudated by rain wash. Second, the Second Mujechi Moor had been a marginal lake. Block stream developed during the last glacial period of Pleistocene, and it dammed the mouth of hollow. Afterwards sediments transported from slope filled the marginal lake, thus the lake changed to the moor where aquatic plants could grown. Third, the Second Mujechi Moor is drained and dried out by removal of matrix material from the block stream dam of the mouth of moor. For keeping moor's present conditions, we must control moor's drainage by filling open space in block stream with fine material.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.853-864
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• 2017

HD padding area is essential redundancy in HD broadcasting. It is possible to use this padding area for the purpose of improving DTV broadcasting services. For utilization of this area, The bit of a service data was converted to black and white $8{\times}8$ block image. Converted block images are compressed with active video and are delivered to a receiver as only DC coefficients in a video stream. video quality is not effected by the proposed method, and service data was perfectly recovered in receiver without errors by using block average and threshold. The proposed utilization of HD essential padding area can possibly overcome the limited transmission stream rate with the bandwidth of HD broadcasting. If service data in transport or video stram were transferred using this padding area, it is possible to improve video quality with expanded video stream rate. Additionally, because the proposed methods are based on well-established standards, it is also useful for world-wide HD broadcasting systems such as ATSC, DVB, and IPTV.