• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2018

Background: The determination of the amount of radionuclides and internal dose for the worker who may have intake of radionuclides results in a variation due to uncertainty of measurement data and ingestion information. As a result of this, it is possible that for the same internal exposure scenario assessors could make considerably different estimation of internal dose. In order to reduce this difference, internal exposure scenarios for nuclear facilities were developed, and intercomparison were made to determine the harmonization of dose assessment results among the assessors. Materials and Methods: Seven cases on internal exposures incidents that have occurred or may occur were prepared by referring to the intercomparison excercise scenario that NRC and IAEA have carried out. Based on this, 16 nuclear facilities concerned with internal exposure in Korea were asked to evaluate the scenarios. Each result was statistically determined according to the harmonization discrimination criteria developed by IDEAS/IAEA. Results and Discussion: The results were evaluated as having no outliers in all 7 cases. However, the distribution of the results was spread by various causes. They can be divided into two wide categories. The first one is the distribution of the results according to the assumption of the intake factors and the evaluation factors. The second one is distribution due to misapplication of calculation method and factors related to internal exposure. Conclusion: In order to satisfy the harmonization criteria and accuracy of the internal exposure dose evaluation, it is necessary that exact guidelines should be set on low dose, and various intercomparison cases also be needed including high dose exposure as well as the specialized education. The aim of the blind test is to make harmonization evaluation, but it will also contribute to securing the expertise and high quality of dose evaluation data through the discussion among the participants.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2017

Breaking away from the blind faith of internal military security network, current military security demands strengthening measure on the H/W, controlling measure against information communications within the military, strengthening measure on the linkage point of the military and universal internal networks, legal supplementation, sucurity management ofn the military facilities from outsourcing services supporting the military. By analyzing the danger of military organizations hacking and real hacking cases, policy establishment for strengthening the security on military network hacking, legal supplementation and controlling measure for the outsourcing services are the pragmatic counter measures against military security hacking considering the peculiarities of military rather than the application of physical containment linked with information communications technology on the H/W safety measures.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different implant-abutment connection structures with identical implant design on peri-implant bone level. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This clinical study was a patient-blind randomized controlled trial following the CONSORT 2010 checklists. This trial was conducted in 24 patients recruited between March 2013 and July 2015. Implants with internal friction connection were compared to those with external hex connection. One implant for each patient was installed, replacing the second molar. Implant-supported crowns were delivered at four months after implant insertion. Standardized periapical radiographs were taken at prosthesis delivery (baseline), and one year after delivery. On the radiographs, distance from implant shoulder to first bone-to-implant contact (DIB) and peri-implant area were measured, which were the primary and secondary outcome, respectively. RESULTS. Eleven external and eleven internal implants were analyzed. Mean changes of DIB from baseline to 1-year postloading were 0.59 (0.95) mm for the external and 0.01 (0.68) mm for the internal connection. Although no significant differences were found between the two groups, medium effect size was found in DIB between the connections (Cohen's d = 0.67). CONCLUSION. Considering the effect size in DIB, this study suggested the possibility of the internal friction connection structure for more effective preservation of marginal bone.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.25-42
• /
• 2019

This study identified the experiences that the disabled actually feel in the library space in the face of growing social demands for spatial functions in public libraries. This study also tried to determine the requirements for the space that disabled wanted. For the research, 15 subjects were selected for each of the five people who were blind, deaf, and handicapped with experience using the library and individual in-depth interviews were conducted for the research. The study found that the experience of the disabled in the library space differed by type of disability and generally more negative experiences were found than positive ones. Misperception about the disabled of library staff and the non-disabled were having a significant impact on the disabled's negative experience for library space. There were a wide variety of opinions on the requirements for library space and there were generally negative perceptions about the current level of library space for the Integrated library service space.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.301-306
• /
• 2019

Background: Ganglion impar blockade is a reliable and effective treatment option used in patients with coccydynia. Our primary objective was to specify the role of corticosteroids in impar blockade. We compared applications of local anesthetic with the local anesthetic + corticosteroid combination in terms of treatment efficiency in patients with chronic coccydynia. Methods: Our study was a prospective randomize double-blind study. The patients were divided into 2 groups after randomization. The first group (group SL) was made up of patients where a corticosteroid + local anesthetic were used during ganglion impar blockade. In the second group (group L) we used only local anesthetic. We evaluated numeric rating scale (NRS) and Beck depression scale, which were employed before the procedure and in 1st and 3rd months after the procedure. Results: Seventy-three patients were included in the final analysis. We detected a significantly greater decrease in NRS values in the 1st month in group SL than in group L (P = 0.001). In the same way, NRS values in the 3rd month were significantly lower in the group with steroids (P = 0.0001). During the evaluation of the Beck test, we detected significantly greater decreases in the 1st month (P = 0.017) and 3rd month (P = 0.021) in the SL group than in the L group. Conclusions: Ganglion impar blockade decreases pain in the treatment of chronic coccydynia and improve depression. Addition of steroids in a ganglion impar blockade is required for treatment response that should accumulate over a long period of time.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.62 no.5
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2019

Purpose: To determine whether Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 plays a role in absorption of iron preparations given to children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental study involving pre- and postintervention tests using a control group in North Sulawesi province, Indonesia, between July and September 2017. We conducted a single-blind controlled trial that included primary school children who were diagnosed with IDA based on reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) levels <27.8 pg/L. Results: A total of 66 children were randomized into 2 groups. Thirty-four children received iron preparations with the addition of L. reuteri DSM 17938 (group 1), whereas the other 32 received iron preparations alone (group 2). The baseline Ret-He levels before intervention were similar in both groups. After 14 days of intervention, mean Ret-He level in group 1 changed from $24.43{\pm}1.64$ to $28.21{\pm}1.72pg/L$ (P=0.000). Mean Ret-He level in group 2 changed from $24.31{\pm}1.42$ to $27.03{\pm}2.14pg/L$ (P=0.000). Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in Ret-He levels in both groups; Ret-He levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Children with IDA receiving iron preparations with L. reuteri DSM 17938 for 14 days show higher Ret-He levels than those receiving iron preparations alone.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2019

Ambient backscatter communication is limited to channel estimation technique through a pilot signal, which is a channel estimation method in current RF communication, due to transmission power efficiency. In a limited transmission power environment, the research of traditional ambient backscatter communication has been studied assuming that it is an ideal channel without signal distortions due to channel conditions. In this paper, we propose an expectation-maximization(EM) algorithm, one of the blind channel estimation techniques, as a channel estimation method in ambient backscatter communication system which is the state of channel following normal distribution. In the proposed system model, the simulations confirm that channel estimate through EM algorithm is approaching the lower bound of the mean square error compared with the Bayesian Cramer-Rao Boundary(BCRB) to check performance. It shows that the channel parameter can be estimated in the ambient backscatter communication system.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.40
• /
• pp.181-223
• /
• 2014

This study aims to present a Braille Library document creation and management status, and to identify ways to improve. This research field surveys and interviews were conducted three institutions, the quality requirements of the ISO 15489 standards. As a result, the Braille Library document management improvement plan is as follows. First, the policy and regulatory maintenance is needed. Copy of the regulations on the creation and management, access rights and related document management policies should be developed. Second, the document creation process needs to be improved. Electronic approval system responsible for the creation of persons who are visually impaired, visually impaired people can read documents created during document creation, and introduced measures and braille labels on the files attached to will have to be prepared. Third, the document management process needs to be improved. Changes in the creation copy of the records, and preserved along with the preservation of the original and the copy to have the same period, appointed to manage one set of all copies of the authentic copy of the plan is also required. Finally, for document management system should be introduced. Systematic document management system that can be introduced is required. This system will be designed to be accessible to the visually impaired, the search.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we proposed an application method of ICA (Independent Component Analysis) to passive line array sonar to separate interferences from target signals in low frequency band and compared performance of three conventional ICA algorithms. Since the low frequency signals are received through larger bearing angles than other frequency bands, neighboring beam signals can be used to perform ICA as measurement signals of the ICA. We use three ICA algorithms such as Fast ICA, NNMF (Non-negative Matrix Factorization) and JADE (Joint Approximation Diagonalization of Eigen-matrices). Through experiments on real data obtained from passive line array sonar, it is verified that the interference can be separable from target signals by the suggested method and the JADE algorithm shows the best separation performance among the three algorithms.

• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
• /
• v.71 no.6
• /
• pp.453-458
• /
• 2018

Background: Pain on injection is a limitation with propofol use. The effect of the Valsalva maneuver on pain during propofol injection has not been studied. This maneuver reduces pain through the sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc and by distraction. We aimed to assess the efficacy of the Valsalva maneuver in reducing pain during propofol injection. Methods: Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists class I adult patients undergoing general anesthesia were enrolled and divided into two groups of 40 each. Group I (Valsalva) patients blew into a sphygmomanometer tube raising the mercury column up to 30 mmHg for 20 seconds, while Group II (Control) patients did not. Anesthesia was induced with 1% propofol immediately afterwards. Pain was assessed on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), where 0 represented no pain, and 10, the worst imaginable pain, and a 4-point withdrawal response score, where 0 represented no pain, and 3, the worst imaginable pain. Scores were presented as median (interquartile range). Results: We analyzed the data of 70 patients. The incidence of pain was significantly lower in the Valsalva than in the control group (53% vs. 78%, P = 0.029). The withdrawal response score was significantly lower in the Valsalva group (1.00 [0.00-1.00] vs. 2.00 [2.00-3.00], P < 0.001). The VAS score was significantly lower in the Valsalva group (1.00 [0.00-4.00] vs. 7.00 [6.25-8.00], P < 0.001). Conclusions: A prior Valsalva maneuver is effective in attenuating injection pain due to propofol; it is advantageous in being a non-pharmacological, safe, easy, and time-effective technique.