• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2012

Purpose: This experimental research explored the effects of aroma inhalation on blood pressure, pulse, sleep, stress, and anxiety in patients with essential hypertension who are taking antihypertensive medication. Methods: A pilot survey, pre-test and post-test were conducted. The data were collected from August to October, 2009. The participants were 44 patients randomly assigned to an experimental group (22 people) and a control group (22 people). The experimental group received individual instruction for aroma inhalation, which lasted for 3 minutes. They inhaled blended oils of Lavender, Majoram and Ylang Ylang (The mixed ratio was 4:3:3), three times a day, for two weeks. Data from 36 patients were used for the final analysis (20 from the experimental group, 16 from the control group). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. Results: Sleep disturbance decreased in the experimental group (t=-2.258, $p$=.030). Blood pressure, pulse, stress, and anxiety were not significantly different between the two groups ($p$ >.05). Additional analysis of the experimental group showed that physical stress and psychological stress were significantly lowered. Conclusion: Aroma inhalation is an effective paramedical intervention for patients with essential hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.595-601
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• 1994

This study was accomplished to investigate drape coefficient and wrinkle recovery of brushed fabrics according to treatment processes and brushing conditions. For this study, grey fabrics of blended ratio of polyester 65% : cotton 35% were bleached and dyed. These fabrics were then brushed 1, 3, 5 and 7 times. Drape coefficient and wrinkle recovery of brushed fabrics were measured by drape tester and shirley crease recovery tester respectively. The experimental results were analysed statistically to relate mechanical properties, handle, drapability, and wrinkle recovery 1) Drape coefficients of dyed fabric showed lower values and wrinkle recovery showed higher ones than those of bleached and dyed fabrics. Especially dyed fabric brushed 3 times showed good appearance and form stability. 2) Considering the blocked properties that contribute to the drape coefficient and wrinkle recovery of brushed fabrics, bending and shearing properties had a high degree of correlation with brushed fabrics, and 2HB/W showed a high positive correlation with drape coefficient and a high negative correlation with wrinkle recovery.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.144-149
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• 2005

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) was blended with poly(ether sulfone) (PES) at various compositions. To investigate the possibility of using the blend membranes as polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cell, the blend membranes were characterized in terms of methanol permeability, proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity, and water content. Both proton conductivity and methanol permeability of SPEEK were relatively high. As the amount of PES increased, methanol permeability decreased more rapidly compared to proton conductivity. The experimental results indicated that the blend membrane with 40 wt% PES was the best choice in terms of the ratio of proton conductivity to methanol permeability.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.631-647
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• 2012

This paper focuses on the application of Fuller's ideal gradation curve to theoretically design blended ratio of all solid materials of high performance concrete (HPC), with the aid of error function, and then to study the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) on the performance of HPC. The residual RHA, generated when burning rice husk pellets at temperatures varying from 600 to $800^{\circ}C$, was collected at steam boilers in Vietnam. The properties of fresh and hardened concrete are reviewed. It is possible to obtain the RHA concrete with comparable or better properties than those of the specimen without RHA with lower cement consumption. High flowing concrete designed by the proposed method was obtained without bleeding or segregation. The application of the proposed method for HPC can save over 50% of the consumption of cement and limit the use of water. Its strength efficiency of cement in HPC is 1.4-1.9 times higher than that of the traditional method. Local standards of durability were satisfied at the age of 91 days both by concrete resistivity and ultrasonic pulse velocity.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2016

In the present work, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have been dispersed alone in the same solvent of the active layer for improving performance parameters of the organic solar cells. Different concentrations of the ZnO NPs have been blended inside active layer of the solar cell based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), which forms the hole-transport network, and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), which forms the electron-transport network. In the present investigations, the ZnO NPs may represent an efficient tool for improving light harvesting through light scattering inside active layer, electron mobility, and electron acceptance strength which tend to improve photocurrent and performance parameters of the investigated solar cell. The fill factor (FF) of the ZnO-doped solar cell increases nearly 14% compared to the non-doped solar cell when the doping is 50%. The present investigations show that ZnO NPs improve power conversion efficiency of the solar cell from 1.23% to 1.64% with increment around 25% that takes place after incorporation of 40% as a volume ratio of the ZnO NPs inside P3HT:PCBM active layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.12-20
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• 2013

The ignition delay time is an important factor to understand the combustion characteristics of internal combustion engine. In this study, ignition delay times of cool and thermal flame were observed separately in homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) engine. This study presents numerical investigation of ignition delay time of n-heptane and alcohol(ethanol and n-butanol) binary fuel. The $O_2$ concentration in the mixture was set 9-10% to simulate high exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) rate condition. The numerical study on the ignition delay time was performed using CHEMKIN codes with various blending ratios and EGR rates. The results revealed that the ignition delay time increased with increasing the alcohol fraction in the mixture due to a decrease of oxidation of n-heptane at the low temperature. From the numerical analysis, ethanol needed more radical and higher temperature than n-butanol for oxidation. In addition, thermal ignition delay time is sharply increasing with decreasing $O_2$ fraction, but cool flame ignition delay time changes negligibly for both binary fuels. Also, in high temperature regime, the ignition delay time showed similar tendency with both blends regardless of blending ratio and EGR rate.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 58 hospice patients with terminal cancer who were hospitalized. Twenty eight hospice patients with terminal cancer were assigned to the experimental group (aroma hand massage), and 30 hospice patients with terminal cancer were assigned to the control group (general oil hand massage). As for the experimental treatment, the experimental group went through aroma hand massage on each hand for 5 min for 7 days with blended oil-a mixture of Bergamot, Lavender, and Frankincense in the ratio of 1:1:1, which was diluted 1.5% with sweet almond carrier oil 50 ml. The control group went through general oil hand massage by only sweet almond carrier oil-on each hand for 5 min for 7 days. Results: The aroma hand massage experimental group showed more significant differences in the changes of pain score (t=-3.52, p=.001) and depression (t=-8.99, p=.000) than the control group. Conclusion: Aroma hand massage had a positive effect on pain and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.372-380
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma hand massage on Sleep, depression and quality of life in the institutionalized elderly women. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The data was collected from June 23 to August 10 of 2009. Fifty - Six elderly women were divided into two groups, 27 institutionalized elderly women for the experimental group and 29 institutionalized elderly women for the control group. As for experimental treatment, the experimental group went through aroma hand massage with blended oil-a mixture of Lavender, Bergamot, Chamomile Roman in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 1, which was diluted 2.0% with jojoba carrier oil 20mL-on each hand for 5 minutes, three times a week during two weeks. Control group went non-treatment. Results: The aroma hand massage experimental group showed more significant differences in the charge of sleep score (t=3.83, p=.00) and depression (t=-3.54, p=.00). Conclusion: Aroma hand massage had a positive effect on sleep and depression in Institutionalized elderly women.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.560-564
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• 2001

Nowadays, according to the trend of a high performance of concrete structure, the research results have been announced for the purpose to make the high quality. With this respect, we began research to use the Ground Calcium slurry Carbonate (GCC) to a concrete admixtures which ground the limestone until about $1.5mutextrm{m}$. In this paper, we examined the quality of GCC to fine out the value in use as the concrete admixtures. And mechanical properties of concrete using cement blended with GCC, silica fume and mixed two were investigated. It was result from this study that air contents of concrete replaced with GCC were constant regardless of replacement ratio, but the more GCC it had the use of, the less slump was measured. Especially 10% GCC concrete had a good result of compressive strength. In case of mixture with GCC and silica fume, the workability and compressive strength don't seem to be any problems. In the scope of this study it was indicated that the most reasonable replacement with GCC was 10% of cement weight as concrete admixture.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.439-449
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• 2018

In this paper, multi-objective optimization of a multi-bubble pressure cabin in the underwater glider with Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) is carried out using Kriging and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). Two objective functions are considered: buoyancy-weight ratio and internal volume. Multi-bubble pressure cabin has a strong compressive capacity, and makes full use of the fuselage space. Parametric modeling of the multi-bubble pressure cabin structure is automatic generated using UG secondary development. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to study the structural performance using the commercial software ANSYS. The weight of the primary structure is determined from the volume of the Finite Element Structure (FES). The stress limit is taken into account as the constraint condition. Finally, Technique for Ordering Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to find some trade-off optimum design points from all non-dominated optimum design points represented by the Pareto fronts. The best solution is compared with the initial design results to prove the efficiency and applicability of this optimization method.