• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.18-28
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• 1998

Effects of blasting vibrations on curing concrete have not been well studied. As a result, unreasonable and strong blasting vibration constraints have been placed on blasting when it occur in the vicinity of curing concrete. To study the effects of blasting on curing concrete blocks of $33.3{\times}27.7{\times}16.2cm$ were molded and placed on the quarry. Several sets of concrete blocks were subjected separately to peak vibrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10cm/sec. The impulses of blasting vibrations were applied with thirty-minute intervals. Along with unvibrated concrete blocks, the vibrated concrete samples cored with 60.3mm in diameter were measured for elastic moduli, sonic velocity and uniaxial compressive strength. Test results can be summarized as follows; 1. The blasting vibrations between 6 and 8 hours after pour generally lowered on the uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete. 2. A low blasting vibration of 0.25cm/sec did not affect the uniaxial compressive strength. As the magnitude of the blasting vibration increases, compressive strength of concrete is decreased. 3. Physical properties of the P-wave velocity, Young’s modulus, and Poisson's ratio showed a weakly decreasing trend in the concrete blocks vibrated between 6 and 8 hours after pour.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.134-143
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• 1995

Effects of blasting vibrations on curing concrete have not been well studied. As a result, unreasonable and strong blasting vibration constraints have been placed on blasting when it occurs in the vicinity of curing concrete. To study the effects of blasting on curing concrete blocks of 33.3X27.7X16.2 cm were molded and placed on the quarry. Several sets of concrete blocks were subjected separately to peak vibrations of 0.25, 0.5. 1.0, 5.0, and 10cm/sec. The impulses of blasting vibrations were applied with thirty-minute intervals. Along with unvibrated concrete blocks, the vibrated concrete samples cored with 60.3 mm in diameter were measured for elastic moduli, sonic velocity and uniaxial compressive strength. Test results can be summarized as follows; 1. The blasting vibrations between 6 and 8 hours after pour generally lowered on the uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete. 2. A low blasting vibration of 0.25 cm/sec did not affect the uniaxial compressive strength. As the magnitude of the blasting vibration increases, compressive strength of concrete is decreased. 3. Physical properties of the P-wave velocity, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio showed a weakly decreasing trend in the concrete blocks vibrated between 6 and 8 hours after pour.

• 자연, 터널 그리고 지하공간
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

Effects of blasting vibrations on curing concrete have not been well studied. As a result, unrealistic and costly blasting vibration constraints have been placed on blasting when it occurs in the vicinity of curing concrete. To study the effects of blasting, concrete blocks of $30\times20\times20cm$ were molded and placed on the quarry Different sets of concrete blocks were subjected to peak vibrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10cm/sec. The impulses of blasting vibrations were applied at thirty minutes intervals . Along with unvibrated concrete blocks, the vibrated concrete samples with 60.3mm in diameters were measured for elastic moduli, sonic velocity and uniaxial compressive strength. Test results can be summarized as follows : 1) The blasting vibrations between 6 and 8 hours after pour generally have exerted bad influences on the uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete 2) Under low vibration of 0.25cm/sec variations of the uniaxial compressive strength were not shown. As the magnitudes of blasting vibration increased, compressive strength of concrete decreased. But under the vibrations between 5 and 10cm/sec decreases in strength were almost same. 3) Physical properties of the p-wave velocity, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio appeared to decrease for the concrete blocks subjected to vibration for 6 to 8 hours.

• Geosystem Engineering
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.326-334
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• 2018

Underground water-sealed gas storage caverns have become the primary method for strategic storage of LPG. Previous studies of excavation blasting effects on large-scale underground water-sealed gas storage caverns are rare at home and abroad. In this paper, the blasting excavation for underground water-sealed propane storage caverns in Yantai was introduced and field tests of blasting vibration were carried out. Field test data showed that the horizontal radial velocity had a major controlling effect in the blasting vibration and frequencies would not cause the vibration velocity concentration effects. In terms of the influence of blasting vibration on adjacent caverns, the dynamic finite element model in LS-DYNA soft was established, whose reliability was verified by field test data. The numerical results indicated the near-blasting side was primary zone for the structural failure and tensile failure tended to occur in the middle of the curved wall on the near-blasting side. Meanwhile, the safety criterions for adjacent caverns based on stress wave theory and according to statistic relationship between peak effective tensile stress and peak particle velocities were obtained, respectively. Finally, with Safety Regulations for Blasting in China (GB6722-2014) taken into account, a final safety criterion was proposed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.399-413
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• 2018

This paper addresses the issue of field measurement of excavation damage zone (EDZ) and its numerical simulation method considering both excavation unloading and blasting load effects. Firstly, a 2000 m-deep rock cavern in China is focused. A detailed analysis is conducted on the field measurement data regarding the mechanical response of rock masses subjected to excavation and blasting operation. The extent of EDZ is revealed 3.6 m-4.0 m, accounting for 28.6% of the cavern span, so it is significantly larger than rock caverns at conventional overburden depth. The rock mass mechanical response subjected to excavation and blasting is time-independent. Afterwards, based on findings of the field measurement data, a numerical evaluation method for EDZ determination considering both excavation unloading and blasting load effects is presented. The basic idea and general procedures are illustrated. It features a calibration operation of damage constant, which is defined in an elasto-plastic damage constitutive model, and a regression process of blasting load using field blasting vibration monitoring data. The numerical simulation results are basically consistent with the field measurement results. Further, some issues regarding the blasting loads, applicability of proposed numerical method, and some other factors are discussed. In conclusion, the field measurement data collected from the 2000 m-deep rock cavern and the corresponding findings will broaden the understanding of tunnel behavior subjected to excavation and blasting at great depth. Meanwhile, the presented numerical simulation method for EDZ determination considering both excavation unloading and blasting load effects can be used to evaluate rock caverns with similar characteristics.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

폴리머 겔의 발파 효과를 평가하기 위해 AUTODYN을 이용한 단일 발파공 모델 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 발파공 내부 에멀젼 폭약과 공벽간의 채움재는 공기와 폴리머 겔을 적용하여 서로 결과를 비교하였으며, 디커플링 지수 1.0인 밀장전과 디커플링 지수 1.25, 1.56에 대해 각각 해석하였다. 폴리머 겔의 발파 효과 평가를 위한 기준은 밀장전 case를 기준으로 하였다. 해석 결과로서 석회석 모델의 파쇄 및 균열 발생에서 공기보다 폴리머 겔 적용의 경우가 높은 파쇄 정도를 나타냈고, 지정 게이지에서의 최고압력 또한 공기의 경우보다 폴리머 겔 적용이 높은 수치를 보였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

기존 발파를 이용한 암반굴착 공법은 효율적이나 심각한 수준의 발파진동 및 여굴/미굴을 발생시킨다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 워터젯 절삭기술을 이용하여 터널 계획선을 따라 자유면을 형성한 후 발파하는 공법을 제안하고 있다. 제안공법은 (1) 발파진동/소음을 저감시키고, (2) 여굴/미굴을 최소화 시키고, (3) 굴착효율 극대화가 가능하다. 제안공법의 효과를 검증하기 위해 기존에 널리 쓰이고 있는 스무스 블라스팅(smooth blasting) 공법을 실험 대조군으로 설정하여 동일한 조건에서 현장실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 발파 진동은 최대 55% 감소하고 여굴/미굴은 거의 발생하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 굴착효율은 기존공법에 비해 뛰어난 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 제안하고 있는 워터젯 자유면을 이용한 암반 발파공법은 도심지 굴착공사뿐만 아니라 지하구조물 구축공사에 널리 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2003

발파기술의 급속한 발전으로 재개발을 위한 노후 구조물에 대한 리모델링, 해체등이 다시 활성화될 조짐이 있다. 이에 1991. 8 이후 시작된 우리나라의 발파해체 공법을 재조명하고 그 개선방안을 정리하였다. 그 결과 최근의 발파해체공법은 기계식해체공법에 비해 약 60∼70%의 공기단축효과와 함께 5층이상 고층 구조물의 경우 경제성이 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었으며, 구조물 해체공법의 경제적 효과와 환경안전 및 재활용효과를 극대화하기 위하여 진동. 소음. 비석. 분진 예측프로그램의 활용 및 미비점 개선 등 각종 컴퓨터 예측시스템을 개발해야 할 것이다. 발파해체 시 발생된 건설폐기물의 재활용도를 높이기 위하여 도로 보조기충재 및 콘크리트용 골재활용에 대한 일정비율 사용 의무화 등 관련 법령개정이 필요하며 해체물의 분류, 처리 등에 폐기물 전문업체의 적극적 참여 및 추가적인 연구개발이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2024

최근 발파에 대한 다양한 신기술과 특허공법들이 개발되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 MDS 발파공법의 현장 적용성을 확인코자 시험시공을 진행하였으며, 파쇄입도와 300mm 이상의 대괴 발생률을 측정 및 분석하여 기존의 표준 발파공법과 비교하였다. 시험시공은 각 회차별로 동일한 벤치에서 표준발파와 MDS발파를 각 3회씩 시공하였으며, 디지털 영상처리기법을 활용하여 파쇄입도(P80)와 대괴 발생률(S30)을 측정하였다. 또한, 현장에서 체 바가지를 제작하여 파쇄석 더미에서 대괴를 선별하고 계근 및 환산처리를 통해 실측값을 산출하였다. 분석 결과 파쇄입도는 MDS발파가 표준발파보다 평균 약 21.0% 감소하였으며, 대괴 발생률에서 100-S30은 평균 10.1%, 실측값은 평균 7.6% 감소하였다. 시공 현장의 암질 차이로 인해 각 회차별로 발파효과는 차이가 있었지만, 전체적인 경향으로 볼 때 동등한 조건에서 MDS발파가 표준발파에 비해 파쇄입도 및 대괴 발생률에서 보다 효과적인 결과를 나타낸 것으로 판단된다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2021

The effect of the sand blasting before TiAlN coating in the manufacture of WC hard metal alloy tips have been studied. For four different tips, according to the status of processing of the sand blasting and the coating, residual stress measurement by X-ray diffraction and several tests for mechanical properties have been conducted. The results suggest that there was no difference in static mechanical properties, such as hardness, surface roughness and elastic modulus, between two coatings. Furthermore, compressive residual stress was generated equally on their surfaces. Additionally, the compressive residual stress in substrate WC was found to increase greatly when subjected to sand blasting treatment. However, the compressive residual stress decrease after coating regardless of sand blasting treatment. Nevertheless, it is confirmed that the compressive residual stress generated in the coating after sand blasting is less than that in the non-sandblasting coating. This was attributed to the plastic deformation occurring in the WC substrate during coating after sand blasting. In contrast to the scratch test results, sand blasting was assumed to have a negative effect on the adhesion between the coating and substrate. This is because there is a high possibility of microcracks due to plastic deformation in the WC substrate under the coating after sand blasting.