• Title/Summary/Keyword: Blast disease

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Production of Organic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) using Organic Cultivation Manual (유기재배매뉴얼을 활용한 유기쌀 생산)

  • Cha, Kwang-Hong;Oh, Hwan-Jung;Seo, Dong-Jun;Song, Yong-Su;Ahn, Joon-Seob;An, Kyu-Nam;Jung, Woo-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.97-113
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    • 2014
  • An actual proof experiment was carried out to establish the production of high quality organic rice at farm household in Gwangjin, Junnam, Korea 2011. Experimental plot was designed with conventional organic cultivation and manual organic cultivation in both Hopeongbyeo and Onnuri varities. Experimental field was consisted with suitable drainage loam soil, anryong series, and normal paddy field. Chemical characteristics of the soil were investigated from initial soil and soil after harvest in experimental sites. Seed disinfection was treated with hot water dipping method at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Rice transplanting was carried out at 17 June with 25 days seedling using machine transplanting. Golden apple snail was used to prevent weed growth as middle size (1.5~1.7 kg/10a) at one week after rice transplanting. Amount of applied fertilizer in experimental plot was supplied with organic fertilizer for the shortage after harvest of hairy vetch (1,100 kg/10a). Bordeaux mixture was used to control of sheath blight and neck blast disease in all experimental plot at 19 Aug. Application of chitin culture solution was treated in manual organic cultivation at 2 and 15 Aug. At late growth stage, incidence rate of neck blast was the highest level at Hopyeongbyeo in conventional organic cultivation. Incidence rate of sheath blight in both Hopyeongbyeo and Onnuri was higher in conventional organic cultivation than in manual organic cultivation. Incidence of rice leaf folder was the highest level at Onnuri in conventional organic cultivation. Yield index in manual organic cultivation was increased by 13% and 38% at Onnuri and Hopyeongbyeo, respectively, compared with conventional organic cultivation. Head rice percentage in both Hopyeongbyeo and Onnuri was slightly increased in manual organic cultivation. These results indicate that high quality production of rice organic cultivation could be depending on management of safe fertilization with nutrient content in soil.

Effects of mixing and reciprocal inoculation with compatible and incompatible races of Pyricularia oryzae on the enlargement of disease lesions of rice blast (친화성 및 비친화성균계의 혼합 및 전후접종이 벼 도열병의 병반확대에 미치는 영향)

  • Park Seur Kee;Kim Ki Chung
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.22 no.4 s.57
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    • pp.300-306
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    • 1983
  • Effect on blast lesion development was investigated in rice cultivar Milyang 23 and Jinheung using two races of Pyricularia oryzae compatible or incompatible to each of two rice cultivars. Discase lesions were measured in rice when inoculated with inoculum mixed with compatible and incompatible races, inoculated with a compatible race following with an incompatible race and vice versa. Lesions were smaller when rice was incoulated with an incompatible race and then inoculated with a compatible race than those inoculated in the reverse way both at the inoculated site and at 3cm-upper part from inoculated spot. The results suggested that induced resistance might play a role in suppression of lesion development although such an effect appeared to be influenced by heavy application of nitrogen fertilizer.

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Variation of Rice Production for Two Decades before and after Breeding Tongil Variety in Korea (수도 통일품종 육성보급 전후 20년간의 생산성 변이)

  • Eun-Woong Lee
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.183-192
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    • 1982
  • The variability of rice productivity during last 2 decades (1961-1980) of ten years before and after the introduction of"Tongil" was reviewed from the epochal, regional and varietal points of view. During that period the cultivated area of paddy rice have remained almost unchanged, while the total rice production have got elevated from 3, 463 million metric tons in 1961 to 6.006 million metric tons in 1977, recording 73.4% increase. This remarkable increase in rice production is considered to be attributable much to the development and release of new high yielding variety, "Tongil", coupled with the amelioration of cultural techniques. However, in 1978 Tongil type varieties experienced the epidemic outbreak of blast disease due to the shifted race population of blast fungus and in 1980 recorded poor rice production as low as in 1960's due to the unfavorable weather stress throughout the rice growing season, giving rise to many problems awaiting solutions for securing the stabilized high production of rice. The rice yield has continued the gradual increase during last two decades but its difference between farmer and research organization have got wider from 79kg/10a during 1960 to 1971 to 101kg/l0a during 1972 to 1980, and also the inter-regional differences have been increased from 50-60kg/10a to 80kg/10a during those periods. Therefore, this proves that we have raised the upper boundary of rice yield by increasing the yield potential of rice variety but have not changed those absolute deviations. Estimates indicate that the increased rice production during that period was indebted 40 percent to the varietal improvement and 13 percent to the ameliorated agro-technologies, and the rest, 47 percent, could be ascribed to the other factors besides varieties and cultural technologies such as the improved agricultural environments, etc. Of course, even though it cannot be expected to unify the cultural environments and the cultural technologies, provided that much efforts are to be endeavored to minimize the yield difference of 20 percent between farmer and research organizations and the inter-regional yield difference of 20 percent, much increased rice production can be expected to be achieved with the current level of cultural technology and the yielding potential of the present rice varieties. In order to expedite the above effects on rice production the followings are to be put into practices consitently and steadfastly. 1. Reinforcement of breeding for varieties with high yielding potential and less susceptible to climatic-stress and pests, and of basic physicoecological studies of rice plant for improving the cultural technologies. 2. Continuous endeavor to secure the stabilized cultural environments by improving the soil fertility and increasing the drainage and irrigation facilities. 3. Political back-up to encourage the farmers' incentives for production 4. Precise surveys for agricultural statistics to facilitate the long-term planninge long-term planning.

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A New High Qualilty Rice Variety with Lodging Resistance and Multiple Resistance to Diseases, "Donghaejinmi" (중만생 고품질 내도복 복합내병성 벼 신품종 "동해진미(東海珍味)")

  • Yeo, Un-Sang;Kim, Jeong-Il;Lee, Jeom-Sig;Park, No-Bong;Chang, Jae-Ki;Oh, Byeong-Geun;Kang, Jung-Hun;Kwak, Do-Yeon;Cho, Jun-Hyun;Lee, Jong-Hee;Kwon, Oh-Deog;Lee, Ji-Yoon;Nam, Min-Hee;Kim, Sang-Yeol;Ku, Yeon-Chung;Kim, Jae-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.288-291
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    • 2009
  • A new commercial rice variety "Donghaejinmi" is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with lodging resistance and high grain quality. It has been developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA. This variety was derived from a cross between "Milyang 64" as a resistance source of brown planthopper (Bph) and "Milyang 165" as grain quality source. The donor parent, "Milyang64" has been backcrossed three times with recurrent parent, "Milyang165" and selected by the pedigree breeding method. The pedigree of "Donghaejinmi", designated as "Yeongdeog 41" in 2003, was YR21259-B-B-68-1. It has a short culm length with 69 cm and medium-late growth time. This variety is resistant to stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease with durable resistance. It also has tolerance to unfavorable environment such as cold, dried wind and storm. Milled rice kernel of "Donghaejinmi" is translucent, clear in chalkness and good at eating quality in panel test. The merit of this variety is high head rice ratio, which is essential element to produce an article of superior quality rice brand. The yield potential of "Donhaejinmi" in milled rice is about 6.05 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to Yeongnam inland plains and eastern costal area of Yeongnam province.

A New Mid-late Maturing Rice Cultivar with High-Quality and Multiple Resistance to Diseases and Insects, 'Dacheong' (벼 중만생 고품질 복합내병충성 신품종 '다청')

  • Kim, Woo-Jae;Ko, Jae-Kwon;Ko, Jong-Cheol;Nam, Jeong-Kwon;Ha, Ki-Yong;Shin, Mun-Sik;Kim, Yeong-Do;Kim, Bo-Kyeong;Kang, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Ki-Young;Baek, Man-Gee;Park, Hyun-Su;Baek, So-Hyeon;Shin, Woon-Chul;Kim, Kyeong-Hun;Choung, Jin-Il;Goo, Hwang-Hung;Kim, Jung-Gon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.649-653
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    • 2010
  • 'Dacheong', a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Iksan450 having a good eating-quality and multi-disease resistance, and YR21258-GH3 having insect resistance, was developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2008. This variety has about 125 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It has 87 cm culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen races from $K_1\;to\;K_3$, stripe virus and brown plant hopper. The milled rice of 'Dacheong' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has slightly lower amylose content of 18.8% and lower protein content of 5.7%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.91 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Dacheong' would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea.

A New Rice Variety with Good Qualilty and Multiple Diseases Resistance "Sangok" (중생 고품질 복합내병성 신품종 벼 "상옥")

  • Park, No-Bong;Yang, Sae Jun;Kwak, Do-Yeon;Oh, Byeong-Geun;Song, You-Chun;Lee, Jeom-Sik;Yeo, Un-Sang;Ha, Woon-Goo;Yi, Gi-Hwan;Chang, Jae-Ki;Lim, Sang-Jong;Nam, Min-Hee;Lee, Jong-Hee;Keun, Oh-Kyeong;Park, Dong-Soo;Hwang, Heung-Gu;Kim, Ho-Yeong;Kim, Soon-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.515-519
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    • 2009
  • "Sangok", is a new japonica rice variety (Oryza sativa L.), which is a midium maturing ecotype developed by the rice breeding team of National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station (NYAES) in 2003. This variety was derived from the cross of Milyang 101/YR8697Acp97 (in 1988/1989 winter) and selected by combination of the bulk and pedigree breeding. The pedigree of Sangokbyeo, designated as Milyang 182 in 2000, was YR12950-B-B-B-19-2-4-2-2. It has about 79cm stature in culm length and is medium maturing. This variety is resistant to bacterial blight ($K_1$, $K_2$, and $K_3$), stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. Milled rice kernels of "Sangok" is translucent, clear in chalkness and good at eating quality in the panel test. The yield potential of "Sangok" in milled rice is about 5.16MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the southern plain of Korea below the Chungnam province by latitude from ordinary transplanting to transplanting after barley harvest.

A New Mid-late Maturing Rice Variety, 'Honong' with High-Quality and Multiple Disease Resistance (중만생 고품질 복합내병성 벼 신품종 '호농')

  • Kim, Ki-Young;Shin, Mun-Sik;Ko, Jae-Kwon;Nam, Jeong-Kwon;Ha, Ki-Yong;Baek, Man-Gee;Ko, Jong-Cheol;Kim, Bo-Kyeong;Park, Hyun-Su;Shin, Woon-Chul;Kang, Hyun-Jung;Choung, Jin-Il;Kim, Woo-Jae;Mo, Young-Jun;Kim, Jung-Gon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.252-256
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    • 2010
  • 'Honong' is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. This variety was derived from mutagen MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea) treatment on fertilized egg cells of Unbong31. This variety has about 126 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It has 79 cm in culm length and is tolerant to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it show resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen races from $K_1$ to $K_3$ and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Honong' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has higher amylose content (20.3%) and lower protein content (6.3%), and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeong. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.44MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Honong' would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea.

Application of unmanned helicopter on pest management in rice cultivation (무인 항공기 이용 벼 병해충 방제기술 연구)

  • Park, K.H.;Kim, J.K.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.43-58
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    • 2008
  • This research was conducted to determine the alternative tool of chemical spray for rice cultivation using the unmanned helicopter(Yamaha, R-Max Type 2G-remote controlled system) at farmer's field in Korea. The unmanned helicopter tested was introduced form Japan. In Korea the application of chemicals by machine sprayer for pest management in rice cultivation has been ordinarily used at the farmer's level. However, it involved a relatively high cost and laborious for the small scale of cultivation per farm household. Farm population has been highly decreased to 7.5% in 2002 and the population is expected to rapidly reduce by 3.5% in 2012. In Japan, pest control depending on unmanned helicopter has been increased by leaps and bounds. This was due in part to the materialization of the low-cost production technology under agricultural policy and demand environmentally friendly farm products. The practicability of the unmanned helicopter in terms of super efficiency and effectiveness has been proven, and the farmers have understood that the unmanned helicopter is indispensable in the future farming system that they visualized. Also, the unmanned helicopter has been applied to rice, wheat, soybean, vegetables, fruit trees, pine trees for spraying chemicals and/or fertilizers in Japan Effect of disease control by unmanned helicopter was partially approved against rice blast and sheath blight. However, the result was not satisfactory due to the weather conditions and cultural practices. The spray density was also determined in this experiment at 0, 15, 30, and 60cm height from the paddy soil surface and there was 968 spots at 0cm, 1,560 spots at 15cm, 1,923 spots at 30cm, and 2,999 spots at 60cm height. However, no significant difference was found among the treatments. At the same time, there was no phytotoxicity observed under the chemical stray using this unmanned helicopter, nor the rice plant itself was damaged by the wind during the operation.

QTL Mapping of Resistance to Gray Leaf Spot in Ryegrass: Consistency of QTL between Two Mapping Populations

  • Curley, J.;Chakraborty, N.;Chang, S.;Jung, G.
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.85-100
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    • 2008
  • Gray leaf spot (GLS) is a serious fungal disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, recently reported on the important turf and forage species, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.). This fungus also causes rice blast, which is usually controlled by host resistance, but durability of resistance is a problem. Few instances of GLS resistance have been reported in perennial ryegrass. However, two major QTL for GLS resistance have been detected on linkage groups 3 and 6 in an Italian x perennial ryegrass mapping population. To confirm that those QTL are still detectable in the next generation and can function in a different genetic background, a resistant segregant from this population has been crossed with an unrelated susceptible perennial clone, to form a new mapping population segregating for GLS resistance. QTL analysis has been performed in the new population, using two different ryegrass field isolates and RAPD, RFLP, and SSR marker-based linkage maps for each parent. Results indicate the previously identified QTL on linkage group 3 is still significant in the new population, with LOD and percent of phenotypic variance explained ranging from 2.0 to 3.5 and 5% to 10%, respectively. Also two QTL were detected in the susceptible parent, with similar LOD and phenotypic variance explained. Although the linkage group 6 QTL was not detected, the major QTL on linkage group 3 appears to beconfirmed. These results will add to our understanding of the genetic architecture of GLS resistance in ryegrass, which will facilitate its use in perennial ryegrass breeding programs.

Study on the Changes of Dentinal Hypersensitivity and Surface Characteristics Following the Various Root Treatment (수종의 치근면 처치 방법에 따른 상아질 지각 과민 변화 및 표면 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, Soon-Young;Lim, Sung-Bin;Chung, Chin-Hyung
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.51-63
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    • 1999
  • Exposure of the root surface due to gingival recession after periodontal surgery, elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical or osmotic irritation. Especially patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency. There have been reports that the 1 out of 7 patients complains of dentinal hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride and potassium oxalate and to observe the relationship between the dentinal hypersensitivity and surface characteristics such as dentinal tubule size and number. This study included 20 teeth which were scheduled for extraction and had no pulpal disease. These teeth were divided into Root planing group, EDTA group, NaCl group and Oxalate group. Dentinal hypersensitivity is measured by tactile, pressured air and cold water using NRS (Numerical Rating Scales). Teeth were extracted under local anesthesia and each specimen was sectioned to a size about 3 X 5 mm and was examined under the scanning electron microscope (X2,000) The results were as follows, 1. The EDTA group exhibited significantly increased dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the other groups. 2. The NaCl and Oxalate groups showed significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the EDTA group. 3. As a method for dentinal hypersensitivity measurement, it was presumed thet tactile sensitivity test was not sensitive method but air blast test and cold water test were adequate method. 4. In a SEM study, the root planing group exhibited amorphous smear layer and showed no dentinal tubule orifice, but the EDTA group showed the large number of dentinal tubules. On the other hand, the NaCl and Oxalate groups did not show exposed dentinal tubules. The NaCl group showed more rough root surface than the EDTA group, and the Oxalate group showed many participates to be presumed as calcium oxalate particle. As the results from this study, root planing couldn't expose the dentinal tubule and NaCl and potassium oxalate occluded exposed dentinal tubule effectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity has close relationship with the exposure of dentinal tubules, especially with it's size and number.

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