• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.237-242
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• 2019

Spark variance technique is melded the jagged spill-over-sonance status of the glitter-differentiation knowledge level (GDKL) on the spark knowledge gestalt. The knowledge level condition by the spark knowledge gestalt system is comprised with the spill-over-sonance system. As to search a spot of the glitter situation, we are obtained of the spark value with black-red dot by the spill-over upper structure. The concept of knowledge level is comprised the reference of glitter-differentiation level for variance signal by the spark sonance gestalt. Further presenting a jagged variance of the GDKL of the maximum in terms of the spill-over-sonance gestalt, and spark spot sonance that was the a spark value of the far variance of the Spa-kg-FA-${\rho}_{MAXN}$ with $17.68{\pm}2.22units$, that was the a spark value of the convenient variance of the Spa-kg-CO-${\rho}_{MAXN}$ with $7.55{\pm}0.59units$, that was the a spark value of the flank variance of the Spa-kg-FL-${\rho}_{MAX}$ with $2.70{\pm}0.48units$, that was the a spark value of the vicinage variance of the Spa-kg-VI-${\rho}_{MAX}$ with $0.48{\pm}0.05units$. The spill-over sonance will be to appraisal at the jagged ability of the spill-over-sonance gestalt with black-red dot by the spark knowledge level on the GDKL that is presented the glitter-differentiation gestalt by the knowledge level system. Spill-over knowledge system will be possible to restrain of a gestalt by the special signal and to employ a spark data of spill-over sonance level.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2021

A single specimen (52.5 mm SL) of Neoclinus chihiroe, belonging to the family Chaenopsidae, was firstly collected from Dokdo, East Sea of Korea on 9 December 2020. This species was characterized by a black spot between the first and the second dorsal spines, and a black spot on upper part of opercular membrane. The species was morphologically similar to N. okazakii, but distinctly distinguished by pectoral fin base without a black dot. This study documents the first record of N. chihiroe in Korean waters and suggests the new Korean name 'Dong-hae-bi-neul-be-do-la-chi' for the species.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.367-373
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• 2014

Albedo is one of the critical parameters for understanding global climate change and energy/water balance. In this study, we used red and NIR reflectance from Satellite Pour I'Obervation de la Terre (SPOT)/Vegetation (VGT) S1 product. The product is preprocessed for users that they are atmospherically corrected using Simple Method Atmospheric Correction (SMAC) by Vision on Technology (VITO) for calculating broadband albedo. Roujean's Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model is a semi-empirical method used for BRDF angular integration and inversion. Each kernel of Roujean's model was multi integrated by angle components (i.e., viewing zenith, solar zenith, and relative azimuth angle). Black-sky hemispherical function is integrated by observational angle; whereas, white-sky hemispherical efficient is integrated by incident angle. Estimated spectral albedo of red ($0.61{\sim}0.68{\mu}m$, B2) and near infrared ($0.79{\sim}0.89{\mu}m$, B3) have a good agreement with MODIS albedo products.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.368-373
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• 1996

배나무잎 검은점병에 이병된 신고와 지표식물 PS-95의 잎을 전자현미경으로 세포내 미세구조를 검경한 결과 굴곡성 사상형 유사바이러스 입자가 집단으로 존재하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 엽육유세포질에 있는 유사바이러스 입자들의 직경은 12 nm였으나 입자들의 길이는 측정하지 못하였다. 섬유사를 함유하고 있는 소포는 일반적으로 ssRNA genome을 갖는 식물바이러스에 의해 이병된 세포에서 생성된다. 본 연구에서 이 소포들은 tonoplast에 형성되었다. 배나무잎 검정점병의 이병잎을 초본 지표식물에 즙액접종하였으나 어떠한 병징도 나타나지 않았다. 또한 접목접종 전염에 의하여 전염되어 전형적인 검은점이 발병하였다. 발병된 잎에는 유사바이러스 입자가 존재하고 있었다. 이상의 결과 병징, 섬유사를 함유한 소포의 존재, 그리고 접목전염을 기초로하여 볼 때 배나무 검은점병을 일으키는 유사바이러스 입자는 closteroviruses의 하나로 생각된다.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.336-338
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• 1994

In 1991, the leaf brown spot of ivy-aureus (Scindapsus aureus) was found in Taejon and Seoul, Korea. The symptoms were appeared as dark-brown spots. The lesions were often surrounded by yellowish halos. These spots were enlarged to circular or elliptical in shape and dark-brown to black in color with slightly elevated in margin and sunken in center. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the diseased leaf of ivy-aureus were identified as Erwinia chrysanthemi on the basis of bacterial characteristics therefore, we would like to propose to the name of ivy-aureus disease caused by E. chrysanthemi as“bacterial brown rot of ivy-aureus”hereafter.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.86.2-86.2
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• 2014

We present a new ray-tracing code, "Odyssey", for the Kerr spacetime accelerated by the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Taking advantage of the ability of nVidia graphic cards to evaluate trajectories of a large amount of photon simultaneously, the code is two orders of magnitude as fast as the previous CPU-based code corresponding to the speed of few nanoseconds per photon per time step. In the light of the Graphic User Interface (GUI) powered by the GPU-enhanced 2D/3D displaying technique, DirectX, it is feasible for users to manipulate diverse results such as rotating and zooming in/out the trajectories of photon instantly near the black hole. Thus the Odyssey can serve as a tool not only for scientific but also for the educational purpose. We discuss possible applications in detail in light of several results such as the shape of the silhouette of a black hole, the shape of a hot spot orbiting a black hole, and 3D photon trajectories.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.301-307
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• 2002

Graft transmission and cytopathological studies of a severe pear disease, pear black necrotic leafspot（PBNLS), were carried out to determine the causal agent of the disease. No evidence was found that a fungal or bacterial pathogen could be the causal agent of the disease. Attempts to transmit the agent by sap-inoculation to other plants including herbaceous hosts failed. How-ever, the pathogen was readily graft-transmitted from symptomatic diseased pears to healthy pears. Graft transmission of the pathogen was also demonstrated by using an indicator plant, PS-95, developed in the laboratory through various grafting methods. Ultrastructural study of the disease revealed the consistent presence of flexuous rod-shaped virus-like particles (VLP) in the symptomatic leaves of both Niitaka cultivar and indicator pear, PS-95. The particles, approximately 12 nm in diameter with undetermined length, occurred in the cytoplasm of mesophyll parenchyma cells. Cells with VLPs also contained fibril-containing vesicles, which are common in cells infected with plant viruses with ssRNA genome. The vesicles were formed at the tonoplast. Based on the symptomatology, the presence of fibril-containing vesicles, and graft-transmissibility, it is believed that the VLPs that occurred on symptomatic leaves of black necrotic leafspot of pear are viral in nature, possibly those of a capillovirus.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.384-385
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• 2008

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.262-270
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in color perception among Sasang Constitution in "The dress" which has been arousing controversy whether its color is blue/black or white/gold. Methods 85 participants classified as Sasang Constitution were asked to answer three questions about "The dress". They were asked firstly the overall colors of the dress, secondly the colors of the specific parts of it, thirdly color ranges they perceived as gold, white, blue, black, respectively. These process were run twice. Results and Conclusions The overall colors of the dress were perceived as blue/black more than white/gold, regardless of Sasang Constitution. And also the ratio between blue/black and white/gold were not significantly different among Sasang Constitution. But when a specific part(spot ii) shown, Soyangin perceived its color as blue more than Taeeumin in the first process. In the case of color range, Soyangin perceived range of black wider than Taeeumin in the second process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2005

Accident type and/or factor identification is important in accident reduction planning. The aim of this paper is to apply the hierarchical approach with binomial distribution and logistic regression analysis to find out types and factors, respectively. Based on 2001 Suwon city black spot data, a binomial distribution modeling approach has been applied to diagnose the black spots, with the help of safety performance modeling approach has been applied to diagnose the black spots, with the help of safety performance function. Then, the logistic regression analysis has been employed to identify the critical factors. Some accident remedies are also reviewed in the light of the model outcomes. The proposed research framework sheds light on a different accident related research and can also be successfully applied to similar studies and sites.