• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.488-497
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• 2012

A DNA barcode based on 648 bp of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene aims to build species-specific libraries for animal groups. However, it is hard to recover full-length (648 bp) barcode gene from environmental fecal samples due to DNA degradation. In this study, we designed a new primer set (K_Bird), which amplifies a 226 bp fragment targeted an inner position of full-length COI barcode based on 102 species of Korean birds to improve amplification success, and we attempted to identify bird species from 39 avian fecal samples collected during 4 months from Jinan, South Korea. Simultaneously, we conducted a dietary analysis using a universal DNA mini-barcode (Uni_Minibar) from same fecal samples. In silico analysis on newly designed mini-barcode represented that genetic distances were 0.5% in species and 9.1% in genera. Intraspecific variations of 149 species out of 174 species (86%) between Korea and North America were within the threshold (5.3% threshold in this study). From environmental fecal samples collected in Jinan, we identified seven avian species, which have high similarity (99-100%) with registered COI sequences in GenBank. Eight kinds of prey species, such as moth, spider, fly, and dragonfly, were identified in dietary analysis. We suppose that our strategy applying mini-barcode for environmental fecal samples, might be a useful and convenient tool for species identification and dietary analysis for birds.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2010

To see the influence of bird species by the change of temperature in city, we have carried out bird census 22 times for 6 years from 2003 to 2008 in Worldcup Park, Seoul. And we analysed the correlation between the temperature of Seoul and wildbirds. 15 orders, 38 families and 102 species were confirmed to have existed. We could find that Hypsipetes amaurotis gradually turned out to have increased with statistical significance for 6 years. To analyze the relationship between the temperature of Seoul and wildbirds, we have chosen 31 bird species observed more than 30% in frequency and proceeded the regression analysis. The survey shows that with the temperature rise the number of the resident birds such as Pica pica, Parus palustris, Anas platyrhynchos and Anas poecilorhyncha and the migratory birds such as Buteo buteo has declined. These 5 species have a possibility to be decreased as a global climate warming and maybe move to another habitat. In contrast, Oriolus chinensis and Falco tinnunculus are characterized into the species that increased due to the rising temperature. So they have a posibility to increase and expand their habitat. This survey shows that temperature rise can cause to change the composition of bird species. And 7 bird species related with the change of temperature have a great possibility as a indicator of the climate change.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.396-399
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• 2017

This is a case report of a northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), admitted to the wildlife rescue center with right coracoid and scapular fracture which received conservative treatment and was soft-released successfully. At the admission, the goshawk had callus formed on the fractured bones, scars on eyebrows and severely damaged tail feathers with inability to fly. Cage rest was indicated to prevent further occurrence of fracture and to promote reunion of the fracture surface. The bird went through a rehabilitation process with appropriate physical training in flying cage to recover its fitness and flying ability. Complete molting of flight feathers with damaged rectrices was achieved during the rehabilitation period and its flight ability was recovered favorably. It was released into a proper habitat for northern goshawks, but the bird was found near the aviary where its last phase of rehabilitation was performed. A soft-release program was applied and finally the bird returned to near the first rescue location 235 km away from the release site.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

The bird strike to small aircraft has not been an issue because of its low speed and usage as a private aircraft. So, the compliance of the bird strike regulation is limited to large fixed-wing aircraft such as the commuter category in FAR Part 23 and the civil aircraft in FAR Part 25, generally. However, the forecast of dramatic increasing of VLJ(Very Light Jet), the usage of a composite material for an aircraft structure and flight time of general aviation due to Air-taxi for the point to point transportation, would rise up the need of bird strike regulations and a safety enhancement in normal and utility categorized aircraft. In this study, the safety of bird strike to small aircraft wing leading edge made of a metal and a composite material were compared using the explicit finite element analysis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 2015

We have conducted a verification test of correlation between bird community indices and bird sound recording results in order to use the equipment which deals with the automatic sound collecting system, the song meter. The study areas include four sites which are Gombaeryoung and Zochimryoung in Jeombongsan Mountain and Jookryoung and Gochiryoung in Sobaeksan National Park. We collected the bird sound data five times using a sound recorder and field survey results in the same place of the study site. As a result of the sound recording from the field survey, the species recorded by three researchers of sound analyst include common resident species or species which have a relatively conspicuous call and song. On the contrary, the species recorded by only one researcher are a relatively rare or inconspicuous species or was familiar with the personal experiences of each researcher. The number of species recorded by only one researcher totaled fourteen species (36.8 %), and that of two researchers totaled twelve species (31.6 %), and that of three researchers totaled twelve species (31.6 %). The correlations of the number of species among three researchers was not significant in some results, but the sum or maximum count of the number of species was useful to estimate a significant correlation between the result of researchers and the indices of field surveys. As a result of correlation analysis by using sound recordings, the maximum number of species among the three researchers significantly correlated with the number of species, the species diversity index and the species abundance index in the field survey at the same site, however it did not correlate with the number of individuals and species evenness index. As a result of sound analysis collected from the stationary sound recording system; song meter, the number of frequencies in bird songs and calls correlated with the number of species in the field survey at the same site. The number of calls and songs decreased as time went by. Finally, we could test the active time range and change the activity strength by using a sound recording system. In particular, that sound recording system is able to collect data in same time and site, so it is expected so that the equipment not only replenish a shortage of researchers and survey periods in field research in a short term monitoring survey, but also be able to acquire statistical objectivity.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.25
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• pp.19-23
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• 2007

This research to streets at Daegu, and view adjective how people react when draw a bird into interior in city utilize and examine becoming direction of street trees system. Findings on survey, citizens appear by average 2.87 in management degree of street trees and average 2.76 in various of species of trees, discontent thing more or less by average 2.91 in satisfaction of the beauty, and demonstrate high shame from satisfaction for season stuff to comparative high 3.24, generally, citizens appear by there are parts to improve by do dissatisfaction about street trees system at Daegu. Also, street trees 2 lines plantings for a bird is average 3.05, shows affirmative feedback about that shrub utilization for a bird see high numerical value by average 3.4 and people draw a bird to space of city. Therefore, construct street trees friendly to the nature and be considered to need to re-establish set street trees environment in citizens preference to recover city ecosystem. As result that examine reaction which treat in street trees planting programs to draw birds into city through view adjective, Likert scales about 2 lines plantings of street trees and additional planting of shrub show affirmative feedback by average 3.4 both ordinary people and specialist group, if people want to draw birds into city by various of method, various research should be accomplished.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of postfire logging on bird populations and communities through 57 point counts in unburned, burned and logged burned plots of coniferous forests in Samcheok, Korea. We found that lower species richness, abundance, and diversity in logged plots where were controlled by a typical postfire management. As results of guild analysis for nest sites and food resources, postfire logging reduced densities of ground-shrub nesters, primary and secondary cavity nesters, but was also related to reduction in densities of some foraging groups such as timber drillers and foliage searchers. These results suggest that snag-retention is essential for birds in burned forests and that postfire logging is incompatible with the maintenance of bird populations and communities. Consequently we need to develope guidelines of postfire management for snag-retention in burned forests through intensive researches focused on some target species such as Great spotted woodpeckers Dendrocopos major.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of flowering and fruiting in Nelumbo pentapetala 'Yellow Bird'. Lotus rhizomes were planted in pot (70 cm in length and 71 cm in width) on April 18, 2008, and grown under rain shelter condition at a private farm in Muan-gun, Jeonnam. Ninety percent of the lotus plants were bloomed as two flowers per a plant, and the others were one flower. The first flowers were bloomed in the middle or late July, and the second flowers in the early August. Flower stalks were formed between eighth and tenth internodes in the main rhizome. Nelumbo pentapetala 'Yellow Bird' had light yellow flowers, 12 cm in length and 13 cm in width. Lotus plants of 21.4% were not bloomed, resulting from the insufficient securing of internodes in the main rhizome and the blind. We, therefore, concluded that Nelumbo pentapetala 'Yellow Bird' as a ornamental plant should be grown up to 8 in the node number of main rhizome until mid-July.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect bird community in Sobaeksan National Park. The survey was carried over 3 main trail districts by line transect method to figure out influence factor of inhabitation of wild birds from February to October in 1992. The study results as follows: The observed birds were belong to 9 orders l2 families 58 species, they also have Sparrow Hawk dccipiter nisus, Kestrel Faleo tinnunculus(natural monument no. 323). Scops Owl I'otus scops(natural monument no. :324), Black Woodpecker Dryoaepus martius(natural monument no. 242. R). White-backed Woodpecker Dendroaepos leuotes(R) and Gray-backed Thrush Turdus hortulorum(R). These birds a]so classified into 31 species for residents. 17 species for summer visitor, 6 species for winter visitor. 4 species for passage migrant, respectively. Species richness was 38 species at spry, 33 species at summer. 26 species at autumn and 22 species at winter. The density was 3.00 ea /ha at spring, 2.37 ea /ha at summer, 3.62 ea /ha at autumn and 2.88 ea /ha at winter. Breeding bird community in Sobaeksan National Park was dominated by Hole, Bush-nesting guild and Canopy-foraging guild. Natural vegetation of 900m altitude in 1st section and the grassy plain in 2nd section are to be protected absolutely for the habituation of wild birds. Species richness in 3rd section was higher than any other section owe to a various habitat such as valley. open lands, orchid, farm land and forest etc. Food plants and broad-leaved forest is to be managed for the provision of opulent food resources in autumn and winter, user is to be managed for the successful propagation of wild birds in spring and autumn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.93-108
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• 2014

The inventory list of wildlife species inhabiting or distributing in Gyeonggi Province was made by compiling species data from precedent surveys, 10 national level nature surveys, 1 survey that Gyeonggi-do conducted, and 46 local surveys presented in scientific journals. Total 2,913 wildlife species including 2,041 vascular plants, 39 mammals, 304 birds, 34 herptiles, 145 fish, and 350 benthic macro-invertebrates were listed in the inventory. It explains 47% of nationwide total species in vascular plants, 31.5% in mammals, 58.2% in birds, 65.4% in herptiles, 12.2% in fish. The total number of important species including endangered species, national monuments, national red lists, etc. was 628 species, accounting for 21.6% of all listed species in Gyeonggi Province. More than 90% of endangered bird species, almost half of endangered fish and herptile species were found in Gyeonggi Province. In particular, abundant bird diversity and inhabitation of many endangered bird species were identified in Gyeonggi Province. Species diversity was greater in the northern area adjacent to the Demilitarized Zone and the eastern forest area. The distribution of the important species such as national endangered species was more distinct in these areas, especially in Gapyeong and Yeoncheon Counties. The inventory list compiled in this study implicates the level of management for biological resources and can provide information for policy decisions regarding new survey sites, protection management of specific species and areas, management practices by spatial characteristics. It should be more compiled and updated with survey data to be utilized as basic indices for local biodiversity strategies and management of biological resources.