• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.181-206
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to analyze economic adequacy by estimating the benefit-cost for bird eco-park, eco-center, eco-river, and eco-waterway, which will be built in the new town of Kimpoo, Yangchon. This paper attempts an economic analysis for the development of an eco-friendly new town. The rates of B/C (benefit-cost) in all scenarios are over one. Especially, the B/C rate of the eco-center is the most efficient of the four eco-facilities by 5.02 - 3.75. In addition, the construction costs of the five eco-facilities are assumed to be 50 percent higher, though their economic soundness is maintained. This paper implies that providing ecological variety is one of the core components in constructing housing complexes and suggests that the construction of housing be harmonized with zero-carbon and energy efficient methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose human detection and fuzzy temperature control system for energy reduction of cooling device in elevator. In order to improve problems of existing cooling device using the refrigerant, energy reduction and efficient management are continuously achieved because of operation of thermoelectric cooling device using the human detection and fuzzy temperature control system. The proposed system confirms the number of passengers in elevator and temperature is then controlled by those numbers and an average temperature for the season in fuzzy system. The human detection method scans the number of passengers using a head part as a feature based on bird's-eye view camera in elevator. The fuzzy system determines elevator internal temperature considering atmospheric temperature and the scanned passenger numbers as a look-up table. The proposed system reduces energy of the cooling device through the human detection and temperature control. In experiment, energy reduction is confirmed and the performance of the proposed system is verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.32-43
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• 2004

Targeting a rooftop biotope created in urban area, this study aims at verifying a creation technique reflecting an urban biosphere reserve concept as well as its function as the habitats of various wild animals. To this end, a set of processes of a biosphere reserve-based basic conception and master plan, sectoral plans, construction and monitoring were applied to the rooftop of 12-story UNESCO Building in Seoul. In particular, the rooftop habitats were divided into core area, buffer zone and transition area, and habitats and facilities suitable to the characteristics of each space were planned. By aligning a plantation planning map with environmental conditions such as topography and water, creation of diverse habitats was enabled. As a result, a set of various habitats including wetlands, wild grassland, shrubs, forest trees and vegetable fields was created at the site. Species living in these habitats included 148 plant species, 62 insect species, 2 amphibian species, 3 fishery species and 3 bird species. The rooftop eco-park of UNESCO Building, which was created one year ago, is assessed as an important space for conservation of biodiversity as well as a place where a biosphere reserve concept was well applied. Meanwhile, for this rooftop biotope to be a pioneer of urban biosphere reserve-based types, a number of principles & methodologies suggested in this study need to be applied, In a perspective of landscape ecology, maintenance efforts should be linked with green areas in neighboring areas, which are the sources of species, In addition, considering that the rooftop biotope is a restored ecosystem, theories and approaches from restoration ecology should be applied. On-going monitoring on environmental changes is also required as the site is located in the urban center, Ultimately, rooftop biotopes including the case study area should contribute in promoting the socio-economic, cultural, and spiritual sustainability as well as environmental sustainability of a city.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Effect of dietary brown seaweed(Undaria pinnatifida) levels on the anti-oxidant enzyme system was evaluated in blood of broiler chicks activated innate immune response. Day-old broiler chicks were fed diets containing 0.0(basal), 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 % of brown seaweed for 4 weeks. The innate immune response was activated by injecting Salmonella typhymurium lipopolysaccharide(LPS) i.p. at 8, 10 and 12 day of age. The activation of innate immune response enhanced(p< 0.01) and the brown seaweed 1.0 and 2.0 % diets reduced(P< 0.05) the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in erythrocyte cytosol significantly. The activation of innate immune response elevated significantly the levels of peroxide and the activity of peroxidase in plasma, while the levels of dietary brown seaweed resulted in a significant linear increase in peroxidase activity in plasma of normal bird. Experience of the innate immune response in 4 week-old chicks reduced linearly the plasma level of peroxide with the level of brown seaweed and enhanced the plasma peroxidase activity. Also, the plasma of normal birds fed the brown seaweed showed higher level of peroxide and lower activity of peroxidase. The results indicated that dietary brown seaweed affected SOD and peroxidase activities in blood of broiler chicks during activation of innate immune response.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

This study aimed to determine the effect of different dietary level of rice bran extract (RBO) on the laying performance, egg quality, blood parameter, cholesterol, and fatty acids in yolk of Hy-Line Laying hens. In all, 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (29 weeks old) were randomly allocated to one of 4 dietary treatments, with 4 replicates per treatment. A commercial basal diet was used and three additional diets were prepared by supplementing 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg of RBO to the basal diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the bird during 8 weeks. Hen-day egg production increased (quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO, but feed intake, egg weight, and egg mass were not influenced by inclusion of level of RBO in diet. However, the supplementation of RBO did not have an effect on eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg yolk color, and HU during the feeding trial. There were no significant differences in the level of leukocyte. However, heterophil and lymphocytes decreased (quadratic, p<0.01) with inclusion level of RBO. H:L ratio tended to decrease (linear p=0.08) with inclusion level of RBO. As expected, increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets decreased (linear, p<0.01) the concentrations of total cholesterol in plasma. AST, ALT, glucose, and albumin were not affected by inclusion of RBO in diets. Egg yolk cholesterol increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO in diet. The results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of RBO improves laying performance and decreased total cholesterol and egg yolk cholesterol levels in laying hens. Therefore, dietary RBO is considered a valuable functional ingredient to improve the performance of birds.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.781-781
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 수문-수질 모의가 가능한 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 이용하여 경안천 상류의 별미천 유역($1.21km^2$)을 대상으로 최적관리기법(Best Management Practice, BMP) 적용에 따른 비점오염원 저감효과를 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 별미천 유역내 논($0.049km^2$)과 밭($0.018km^2$) 지역에 대한 BMP 시나리오를 작성하였다. 먼저, 논에서는 계단식(Terrace) 재배 방법을 적용하였으며, 밭에서는 등고선(Contour farming) 재배 방법과 볏짚지표피복 시나리오를 적용하였다. 여기서, 볏짚지표피복 시나리오는 현재 $1276.6m^2$, 경사도 약 3.2%의 콩 재배가 이루어지고 있는 시험포장에서 수행된 결과를 이용하여 SWAT 모형의 지표유출관련 매개 변수를 조정하였다. SWAT 모형의 적용성 평가를 위해, 1:5,000 수치지도로부터 2m DEM(Digital Elevation Model) 및 QuickBird(2006.05.01) 위성영상으로부터 스크린 디지타이징기법(On-Screen Digitizing Method)을 이용하여 총 21개 토지이용항목의 1:5,000급 정밀토지이용도를 작성하고, 농촌진흥청에서 제공하는 1:25,000 정밀토양도를 구축하였다. 또한, 유역출구점에서 자동수위 및 강우량 계측기, 수질측정을 위한 오토샘플러를 설치하여 시간당 수위(유량), 강우 자료와 강우발생에 따른 수질자료(Sediment, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus)를 이용하여 모형의 검보정(2011.06.08 ~ 2011.10.31)을 실시하였다. 모형의 검보정 후, 논에서의 Terrace 및 밭에서의 Contour farming, 밭 시험포장에서의 저감효과가 분석된 지표피복시나리오의 적용을 위한 SWAT 모형의 관련 매개변수를 정의하고, 각 BMP 시나리오별 비점오염원 저감효과를 분석하였다.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.110-127
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the brand preference, the clothing pursuit benefits, and the purchasing behavior of Chinese women. A survey questionnaire was distributed to Chinese women in their 20s and 30s. The surveys period was from 9th January 9th to $21^{st}$ February 2016. The respondents were 343 Chinese women living in Henan. The collected data was analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Duncan's multiple range of verification. The key results of this study are herein summarized. The brands examined, listed in order of preference, are Ochirly, Only, Zara, Uniqlo, La Chapelle, H&M, Peace bird, Vero Moda, JNBY, and The Basic House. The five most preferred brands were then selected and further analyzed. For purchasing, the design and price were considered to be important, while for product evaluation, importance was given to the style, price, quality, and color. Factors important in the clothing pursuit benefits were found to be price pursuit, trend pursuit, brand pursuit, individual pursuit, comfort pursuit, and quality pursuit. Also, clothing pursuit benefits depends on the average monthly income, monthly clothing purchasing cost, and the education level of the individual. Lastly, we observed that the sources and store selection made noticeable difference in clothing pursuit benefits.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2016

We projected the distribution of Hedera rhombea, an evergreen broad-leaved climbing plant, under current climate conditions and predicted its future distributions under global warming. Inaddition, weexplained model uncertainty by employing 9 single Species Distribution model (SDM)s to model the distribution of Hedera rhombea. 9 single SDMs were constructed with 736 presence/absence data and 3 temperature and 3 precipitation data. Uncertainty of each SDM was assessed with TSS (Ture Skill Statistics) and AUC (the Area under the curve) value of ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analyses. To reduce model uncertainty, we combined 9 single SDMs weighted by TSS and resulted in an ensemble forecast, a TSS weighted ensemble. We predicted future distributions of Hedera rhombea under future climate conditions for the period of 2050 (2040~2060), which were estimated with HadGEM2-AO. RF (Random Forest), GBM (Generalized Boosted Model) and TSS weighted ensemble model showed higher prediction accuracies (AUC > 0.95, TSS > 0.80) than other SDMs. Based on the projections of TSS weighted ensemble, potential habitats under current climate conditions showed a discrepancy with actual habitats, especially in the northern distribution limit. The observed northern boundary of Hedera rhombea is Ulsan in the eastern Korean Peninsula, but the projected limit was eastern coast of Gangwon province. Geomorphological conditions and the dispersal limitations mediated by birds, the lack of bird habitats at eastern coast of Gangwon Province, account for such discrepancy. In general, potential habitats of Hedera rhombea expanded under future climate conditions, but the extent of expansions depend on RCP scenarios. Potential Habitat of Hedera rhombea expanded into Jeolla-inland area under RCP 4.5, and into Chungnam and Wonsan under RCP 8.5. Our results would be fundamental information for understanding the potential effects of climate change on the distribution of Hedera rhombea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.456-466
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• 2021

The distribution and abundance of euphausiids were investigated in Korean waters in 2016. Euphausiids were sampled with a Bongo net. A CTD (Sea Bird Electronics 9 plus) measured the water temperature and salinity while sampling. Mean water temperature ranged from 4.2-31.0℃. The highest temperatures occur in September and lowest temperatures in February. The mean water salinity ranged from 27.9-34.8 psu, with the highest salinities in March and lowest in September. Euphausiid species in group W consisted of four species. Among the euphausiid species, Euphausia pacifica was the dominant species with peak densities in September. The E. pacifica from group W was distributed in the bottom cold water during summer when a thermocline was formed. Five euphausiid species occurred in group S. E. pacifica and E. nana were the dominant species. In group S, E. nana was located in the warm and saline Tsushima Warm Current, a branch of the influential Kuroshio Current. Five euphausiid species occurred in group E. E. pacifica and T. longipes were the dominant species. In group E, E. pacifica and T. longipes were distributed in the deep and cold waters, these species prefer low water temperatures and perform vertical migration. The distribution of euphausiids in Korean waters were highly influenced by mass water characteristics, such as temperature and salinity.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-135
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• 2018

Plaintive Cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) is a small cuckoo species in Family Cuculidae that is mainly distributed in the Oriental Region. On May 1. 2016, one juvenile Plaintive Cuckoo was found at Somaemuldo Island, Korea ($34^{\circ}37^{\prime}38.73^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$ $128^{\circ}33^{\prime}0.44^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$). The bird was identified as C. merulinus by its morphological traits, especially primary projection, the shape of bars on tertials, and pale supercilium. These characteristics were distinctive from other similar small cuckoos in genus Cacomantis and Cuculus, during the field observation and examination of photographs. This record is the first of this species in Korea, and the northernmost record of this species.