• 혜화의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is (1) to investigate the historic changes and pharmacological efficacies of Woohwangchungsim-won and (2) to discuss the necessities for Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications. Methods: This study was performed through (1) investigating the ancient literature records related with Woohwangchungsim-won and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's composition, dosage and indications, (2) searching articles about Woohwangchungsim-won on 10 major Korean web and 3 major foreign web article search engines and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacies and indications. Results: Woohwangchungsim-wom has been used for cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and palpitation. Also, there are some ancient literature records of Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. In addition, there have been a number of experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's neuroprotective effect on cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury. So, it is possible to infer that Woohwangchungsim-won can be used for the treatments of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with neuronal cell death in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. But there have been no or less experimental studies which demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of Woohwangchungsim-won on such disease. Conclusion: It is necessary that further experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacy on neuropsychiatric disorders should be done and Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications should be expanded on the basis of those related experimental results.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2022

배 경: 본 연구는 자살시도자와 자살사망자 간 자살방법, 스트레스 요인, 정신과적 진단에 차이가 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 두 가지 후향적인 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 자살시도자의 경우 삼성서울병원의 의무기록을 확인하여 680명의 의무기록을 수집하였고 한국생명존중재단의 심리부검과정을 통해 11,722명의 자살사망자 데이터를 제공받았다. 두 가지 자료의 자살방법, 스트레스 요인, 정신과적 진단에서의 차이를 확인하였다. 결 과: 자살사망자는 자살시도자에 비해 남성이 많았고 연령대가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 자살 방법 중 목 매달기나 농약 음독과 같은 방법이 자살사망자와 관련이 있었다. 자살시도자의 경우 둔기를 이용해 손목을 긋거나 약물을 음독하는 경우와 연관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 모든 종류의 스트레스 요인이 자살사망자에게서 높았으며, 특히 경제적인 문제와 신체적인 문제가 자살사망자에게서 높은 비율로 나타났다. 진단의 경우 연령과 성별에 따른 영향을 배제하자 자살시도자와 자살사망자 간 차이를 규명할 수 없었다. 결 론: 자살시도자와 자살사망자 사이에 자살 방법, 스트레스 요인에 차이가 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 경제적인 문제와 신체적인 문제가 동반된 경우 자살 사망의 위험이 더 높을 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2006

Symptoms of fowl cholera including orofacial edema, swollen and edematous wattles and combs, and severe respiratory disorders were detected in domestic poultry in two broiler breeder farms: one located in Gyeong-gi Province (October, 2000) and the other in Chung-cheong-nam Province (March, 2001). Gram-negative, bipolar staining bacillus was easily found in a direct smear. The biochemical properties of isolates were examined using a standard diagnosis method, proving that they were 99.7% similar to the Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida: PM), a pathogenic and causative agent of fowl cholera (FC). As a result, an FC outbreak in domestic fowls was confirmed for the first time in Korea since 1942. Because FC was detected in broiler breeder farms for the first time in 59 years at the same time as an FC outbreak was confirmed in wild birds (October, 2000), our concern was focused on whether the PM strains that originated in wild birds were transmitted into poultry forms. The possibility was tracked down by comparing phenotypic and genetic properties between the two types of PM strains. PM strains of chicken origin showed prominent differences from the PM strains of wild bird origin in both phenotypic and genetic properties. An examination of the origin of the wild bird bacteria was conducted, but no evidence has been identified that PM strains from the wild bird were introduced into domestic poultry farms.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2012

Though infanticide, killing the baby after birth of the neonate and denial of pregnancy, are very rare psychiatric disorder, they have been receiving a lot of social concerns. We report and review infanticide and denial of pregnancy administration in a 19 year-old adolescent with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Patients with a young age, cognitive immaturity, an unwanted child, hid the pregnancy facts were consistent with the results of previous studies. In addition, the patient's impulsivity and emotional instability is affecting infanticide. After inpatient care with pharmacotherapy (escitalopram 20mg, alprazolam 1.5 mg, clonazepam 0.5 mg, valproate sodium 1,100-1,300 mg, and quetiapine 100-400 mg) and supportive psychotherapy, and there were significant improvement of clinical symptoms.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 1999

자살 시도군 231명, 환자 대조군 231명, 정상대조군 231명을 대상으로 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도를 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1) 자살 시도군이 환자대조군 혹은 정상대조군보다 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도의 유의한 저하를 보였다. 2) 진단별로는 우울증과 인격장애에서 자살 시도군이 환자대조군보다 콜레스테롤 농도의 유의한 저하를 보였으나, 정신분열병과 양극성 정동장애 조증형에선 차이가 없었다. 3) 자살 시도군의 남녀별로 비교시, 남자가 여자보다 콜레스테롤 농도의 유의한 저하를 보였으며, 진단별로는 우울증에서만 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4) 자살 시도군에서 낮은 콜레스테롤 농도는 심각한 자살 수행과 연관성이 있었다. 5) 자살 시도군에서 치료전에 비해 치료후 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도의 유의한 증가를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 자살 시도의 예측인자로서 혈청 콜레스테롤이 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다. 향후 콜레스테롤 농도에 미치는 변인들을 통제한 전향적 방법을 통해 원인적 측면에서 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도와 세로토닌, 인터루킨-2, 멜라토닌 간의 연관성에 관한 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

Background : In spite of the worldwide relevance of obsessive-compulsive disorder Ed-highlight : Unclear. Perhaps consider changing word choice. (OCD), there are considerable differences in prevalence, sex ratio, comorbidity patterns, and sociodemographic correlates. Data on subclinical OCD have been sparse to date. Methods : Data stemmed from the Korea Epidemiologic Catchment Area (KECA) study which had been carried out from April to December 2001. Korean versions of DSM-IV adapted Composite International Diagnostic Interview were administered to a representative sample of 6275 persons aged 18-64 living in the community. DSM-IV based criteria for subclinical OCD were applied. Results : The lifetime prevalence rates for OCD and subclinical OCD were 0.8% and 6.6%, respectively. In both OCD and subclinical OCD, the rates for males and females were not statistically different. OCD was demonstrated to be associated with depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and alcohol and nicotine dependence. Additionally, subclinical OCD was associated with posttraumatic stress and somatoform disorders. Comorbidity rates in subclinical OCD were lower than those in OCD. Conclusions : The lifetime prevalence rate for OCD was less than 1% in the Korean general population. Age distribution and comorbidity patterns suggest that subclinical OCD represents a broad and heterogeneous syndrome and not simply a milder form of OCD.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2014

Objectives The current study investigated the putative relationship between chronotype and suicidality or bipolarity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Method Nineteen outpatients who met the criteria for MDD according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-text revision were recruited for the current study. The subjects were divided into two subgroups based on their Basic Language Morningness (BALM) scores (dichotomized according to the median BALM score). The Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP) was evaluated by measuring the auditory event-related potentials before beginning medication with serotonergic agents. In addition, K-Mood Disorder Questionaire (K-MDQ), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were applied. Results The K-MDQ, BSS, BHS, BIS score was higher for the eveningness group than for the morningness group. However, the LDAEP, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores did not differ significantly between them. There were negative correlations between the total BALM score and the total K-MDQ, BSS, and BHS scores (r=-0.64 and p=0.0033, r=-0.61 and p=0.0055, and r=-0.72 and p=0.00056, respectively). Conclusions Depressed patients with eveningness are more vulnerable to the suicidality than those with morningness. Eveningness is also associated with bipolarity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2017

Status epilepticus is the most common serious neurological condition triggered by abnormal electrical activity, leading to severe and widespread cell loss in the brain. Lithium has been one of the main drugs used for the treatment of bipolar disorder for decades, and its anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties have been described in several neurological disease models. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying lithium's actions remain poorly understood. The muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine is used to induce status epilepticus, which is followed by hippocampal damage. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of lithium post-treatment on seizure susceptibility and hippocampal neuropathological changes following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Status epilepticus was induced by administration of pilocarpine hydrochloride (320 mg/kg, i.p.) in C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks of age. Lithium (80 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 15 minutes after the pilocarpine injection. After the lithium injection, status epilepticus onset time and mortality were recorded. Lithium significantly delayed the onset time of status epilepticus and reduced mortality compared to the vehicle-treated group. Moreover, lithium effectively blocked pilocarpine-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus as estimated by cresyl violet and Fluoro-Jade B staining. However, lithium did not reduce glial activation following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. These results suggest that lithium has a neuroprotective effect and would be useful in the treatment of neurological disorders, in particular status epilepticus.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2008

Objectives : We examined the effect of sociodemographic factors, cancer, and psychiatric disorders on suicide by gender and age-specific patterns in South Korea. Methods : The study is a case-control study. Claim data was obtained from the national health insurance database and national death registration database. The number of people who committed suicide was 11,523, which was matched with a control group consisting of ten times as many people at 115,230 selected from the national health insurance and medical aids beneficiaries. The medical utilization of the case group was one year before death and that of the control group was from July 1,2003 to June 30, 2004. Four variables-address, economic status, presence of a psychiatric disease, and cancer-were used in multiple logistic regression analyses. Results : Living in cities or in rural areas showed a greater risk for suicide than living in a metropolitan city. Low economic status, the presence of a psychiatric disorder, and cancer were also statistically meaningful risk factors for suicide. The three major psychiatric diseases, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse, and bipolar disorder, were meaningful in all age groups, but the scale of the odds ratio differed by the age group. Only the psychiatric disorder variable was meaningful in the adolescent group, whereas a psychiatric disorder and economic status were meaningful for the young adult group, and all variables were meaningful for the middle-aged group. A psychiatric disorder and cancer were meaningful in the elderly group, economic status was meaningful for male subjects, and address was meaningful for female subjects. Conclusions : Factors such as living in city or rural areas, low economic status, the presence of a psychiatric disorder, and cancer were statistically meaningful risk factors in suicide. These factors also differed by age group. Therefore, policymakers should establish policies for suicide prevention that are relevant for each age group.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2010

Objective : The reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ- 9) was examined in Korean patients with depressive symptoms. Methods : Eighty six outpatients diagnosed as major depressive disorder or depressive episode of bipolar I disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria were assessed with the PHQ-9, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS-SR), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results : The Cronbach's alpha coefficient from the PHQ-9 was 0.81. And the correlations of each item with the total score were statistically significant (r=0.28-0.70, p<0.01). The test-retest correlation coefficient (r=0.89, p<0.01) was relatively high and correlations of the PHQ-9 with the HDRS, QIDS-SR and CES-D were 0.70, 0.81, and 0.81 respectively. Conclusion : These results demonstrated that the Korean version of PHQ-9 could be a reliable and valid tool for the screening and assessment of depressive patients. The Korean version of PHQ-9 will be a useful tool for screening depressive symptoms in Korea.