• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.356-369
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• 2013

Objective : We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records and radiographic images of patients who never underwent spinal treatment including diagnosis. The objective of this study is to explain the biomechanical and physiologic characteristics of cervical alignment related to thoracic inlet angle including T1 slope changes in each individual. Methods : We reviewed the cervical CT radiographs of 80 patients who visited ENT outpatient clinic without any symptom, diagnosis and treatment of cervical spine from January 2011 to September 2012. All targeted people were randomized without any prejudice. We assessed the data-T1 slope, Cobb's angle C2-7, neck tilt, sagittal vertical axis (SVA) C2-7 and thoracic inlet angle by the CT radiographs. Results : The relationships between each value were analyzed and we concluded that Cobb's angle C2-7 gets higher as the T1 slope gets higher, while the SVA C2-7 value decreases. Conclusion : We propose that the T1 slope is background information in deciding how much angle can be made in the cervical spinal angle of surgical lordotic curvature, especially severe cervical deformity.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to assess the usage of diagnosis codes for somatic dysfunctions and the general characteristics of patients diagnosed with the code, by analyzing health insurance data provided by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service(HIRA) of Korea. This investigation is intended to outline future and willing to contribute to further use of diagnosis code and the approach of Oriental Medicine to somatic dysfunction. Materials and Methods : By analyzing HIRA data, those diagnosed with M99 codes, a code attributed to somatic dysfunction, were selected for analysis. Patients included were assessed for the relevant general characteristics, and the specific diagnostic criteria. The current usage rates and noteworthy characteristics of diagnostic codes of somatic dysfunctions were assessed. A comparative analysis between clinical departments and subcategories, and a comparative analysis to data of 2014 was conducted. Results : Patients given M99 codes constituted a small minority of all patients diagnosed in 2011 as shown by HIRA data. The codes were more frequently to older patients, females, outpatients, and those who filed for Health Insurance compensation. Medical institutions participating in the diagnosis were mostly primary care facilities, usually specializing in orthopedic(Western medicine sector) and internal medicine (Oriental Medicine sector). The most registered code in 2011 and 2014 was M995. The same trend can be observed in Oriental/Western medicine institutions and Public health center, on the other hand, between them, have some different patterns both 2nd and 3rd. Conclusions : This investigation is that of current usage of diagnostic codes of somatic dysfunction. HIRA insurance claim data was analyzed. Based on the current results, more precise diagnostic standards of somatic dysfunction are warranted. This study will provide a foundation for future Oriental Medicine approach to somatic dysfunctions.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2008

상용 임플란트의 표면을 개질하기 위해 물리적, 화학적 방법을 이용한 새로운 표면이 증가하고 있으며 이에 대한 골반응도 다를 것으로 예상할 수 있지만 대부분의 연구는 단순히 기계절삭형 임플란트와의 비교만을 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 4종의 다른 개질된 표면을 가진 상용 임플란트를 가토의 경골에 식립한 후 생역학적, 조직형태학적으로 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 모든 임플란트는 6주 후 안정적인 골유착을 이루고 있었으며 4종의 표면개질의 차이에 의한 공진주파수 및 조직형태학적 골반응의 차이는 없었으며 표면개질을 비교하기 위해 피질골 하방으로 증식한 골을 비교하는 것이 유용하였다. 생역학적, 조직형태학적 골반응에 비해 미세단층촬영(micro-CT)를 이용하는 비교법은 유용성과 정확도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to examine the characteristics of joint kinematics and synchronicity of rowing motion between elite and non-elite rowers. Methods: Two elite and two non-elite rowers performed rowing strokes (3 trials, 20 strokes in each trial) at three different stroke rates (20, 30, 40 stroke/min) on two stationary rowing ergometers. The rowing motions of the rowers were captured using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system (8-infrared camera VICON system, Oxford, UK). The range of motion (RoM) of the knee, hip, and elbow joints on the sagittal plane, the lead time ($T_{Lead}$) and the drive time $T_{Drive}$) for each joint, and the elapsed time for the knee joint to maintain a fully extended position ($T_{Knee}$) during the stroke were analyzed and compared between elite and non-elite rowers. Synchronicity of the rowing motion within and between groups was examined using coefficients of variation (CV) of the $T_{Drive}$ for each joint. Results: Regardless of the stroke rate, the RoM of all joints were greater for the elite than for non-elite rowers, except for the RoMs of the knee joint at 30 stroke/min and the elbow joint at 40 stroke/min (p < .05). Although the $T_{Lead}$ at all stroke rates were the same between the groups, the $T_{Drive}$ for each joint was shorter for the elite than for the non-elite rowers. During the drive phase, elite rowers kept the fully extended knee joint angle longer than the non-elite rowers (p < .05). The CV values of the TDrive within each group were smaller for the elite compared with non-elite rowers, except for the CV values of the hip at all stroke/min and elbow at 40 stroke/min. Conclusion: The elite, compared with non-elite, rowers seem to be able to perform more powerful and efficient rowing strokes with large RoM and a short $T_{Drive}$ with the same $T_{Lead}$.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2023

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 임플란트 보철물의 종류 및 특성과 생존율 분석을 통해 성공률을 높이는데 도움이 되는 데에 있다. 대상 및 방법: 원광대학교 치과대학 산본치과병원에서 2011~2020년에 식립한 임플란트 중 한 명의 보철전문의에 의해 수복된 사례에 대하여 그 특성과 실패에 대한 상관관계 등을 조사하였다. 실패의 원인은 골유착 실패, 임플란트주위염, 고정체 파절, 지대주 파절, 나사 파절, 나사 풀림, 보철물 파절, 보철물 유지력 상실 등으로 분류했다. 보철방식, 캔틸레버 여부, 식립 위치 등과 임플란트 실패와의 연관성을 분석했다. 결과 분석은 SPSS ver 25.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA)을 이용하여 Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier 생존분석 등을 통하여 도출했다. 결과: 총 2587개의 임플란트가 식립되었으며, 그 중 1141개의 임플란트가 단일관(Single Crown)으로, 1446개의 임플란트가 고정성 국소의치(Fixed Partial Denture)로 수복되었고 누적생존율은 88.1%이었다. SC의 성공률은 86.2% (984개), FPD의 성공률은 89.6% (1295개)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 그 중 유의한 차이가 있었던 요인은 지대주 파절, 나사 파절, 나사 풀림 등이었다 (P < .05). 결론: 10년간의 추적조사 결과 생물학적인 요인보다는 생역학적인 요인으로 인한 실패가 더 많이 발생했고 임플란트의 성공률은 보철방식 별로 상이했으며 영향을 미치는 요인도 상이했다. 추후 임플란트의 성공에 관한 추가적인 연구가 더 필요할 것이다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.437-447
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• 2011

In this study, the lower limbs joints were analyzed for features based on the biomechanical characteristics of landing techniques according to height and landing on the ground type (flats and downhill). In order to achieve the objectives of the study, changes were analyzed in detail contents such as the height and form of the first landing on the ground at different angles of joints, torso and legs, torso and legs of the difference in the range of angular motion of the joint, the maximum angular difference between joints, the lower limbs joints difference between the maximum moment and the difference between COM changes. The subjects in this study do not last six months did not experience joint injuries 10 males in 20 aged were tested. Experimental tools to analyze were the recording and video equipment. Samsung's SCH-650A model camera was used six units, and the 2 GRF-based AMTI were used BP400800 model. 6-unit-camera synchronized with LED (photo cell) and Line Lock system were used. the output from the camera and the ground reaction force based on the data to synchronize A/D Syc. box was used. To calculate the coordinates of three-dimensional space, $1m{\times}3m{\times}2m$ (X, Y, Z axis) to the size of the control points attached to the framework of 36 markers were used, and 29 where the body was taken by attaching a marker to the surface. Two kinds of land condition, 40cm and 60cm in height, and ground conditions in the form of two kinds of flat and downhill slopes ($10^{\circ}$) of the landing operation was performed and each subject's 3 mean two-way RM ANOVA in SPSS 18.0 was used and this time, all the significant level was set at a=.05. Consequently, analyzing the landing technique as land form and land on the ground, the changes of external environmental factors, and the lower limbs joints' function in the evaluation were significantly different from the slopes. Landing of the slop plane were more load on the joints than landing of plane. Especially, knee extensor moment compared to the two kinds of landing, slopes plane were approximately two times higher than flat plane, and it was statistical significance. Most of all not so much range of motion and angular velocity of the shock to reduce stress was important. In the further research, front landing as well as various direction of motion of kinetic, kinetic factors and EMG variables on lower limbs joints of the study in terms of injury-prevention-approach is going to be needed.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.115-116
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• 2012

The demand for flexible electronic systems such as wearable computers, E-paper, and flexible displays has increased due to their advantages of excellent portability, conformal contact with curved surfaces, light weight, and human friendly interfaces over present rigid electronic systems. This seminar introduces three recent progresses that can extend the application of high performance flexible inorganic electronics. The first part of this seminar will introduce a RRAM with a one transistor-one memristor (1T-1M) arrays on flexible substrates. Flexible memory is an essential part of electronics for data processing, storage, and radio frequency (RF) communication and thus a key element to realize such flexible electronic systems. Although several emerging memory technologies, including resistive switching memory, have been proposed, the cell-to-cell interference issue has to be overcome for flexible and high performance nonvolatile memory applications. The cell-to-cell interference between neighbouring memory cells occurs due to leakage current paths through adjacent low resistance state cells and induces not only unnecessary power consumption but also a misreading problem, a fatal obstacle in memory operation. To fabricate a fully functional flexible memory and prevent these unwanted effects, we integrated high performance flexible single crystal silicon transistors with an amorphous titanium oxide (a-TiO2) based memristor to control the logic state of memory. The $8{\times}8$ NOR type 1T-1M RRAM demonstrated the first random access memory operation on flexible substrates by controlling each memory unit cell independently. The second part of the seminar will discuss the flexible GaN LED on LCP substrates for implantable biosensor. Inorganic III-V light emitting diodes (LEDs) have superior characteristics, such as long-term stability, high efficiency, and strong brightness compared to conventional incandescent lamps and OLED. However, due to the brittle property of bulk inorganic semiconductor materials, III-V LED limits its applications in the field of high performance flexible electronics. This seminar introduces the first flexible and implantable GaN LED on plastic substrates that is transferred from bulk GaN on Si substrates. The superb properties of the flexible GaN thin film in terms of its wide band gap and high efficiency enable the dramatic extension of not only consumer electronic applications but also the biosensing scale. The flexible white LEDs are demonstrated for the feasibility of using a white light source for future flexible BLU devices. Finally a water-resist and a biocompatible PTFE-coated flexible LED biosensor can detect PSA at a detection limit of 1 ng/mL. These results show that the nitride-based flexible LED can be used as the future flexible display technology and a type of implantable LED biosensor for a therapy tool. The final part of this seminar will introduce a highly efficient and printable BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates. Energy harvesting technologies converting external biomechanical energy sources (such as heart beat, blood flow, muscle stretching and animal movements) into electrical energy is recently a highly demanding issue in the materials science community. Herein, we describe procedure suitable for generating and printing a lead-free microstructured BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates to overcome limitations appeared in conventional flexible ferroelectric devices. Flexible BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator was fabricated and the piezoelectric properties and mechanically stability of ferroelectric devices were characterized. From the results, we demonstrate the highly efficient and stable performance of BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2012

Many studies have reported that housework done using household appliances may affect biomechanical characteristics of the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of housework done using a pulsator washing machine on joints and muscles. We calculated joint torques and muscle strengths on the basis of an experimental/virtual three-dimensional motion analysis for six healthy females using the pulsator washing machine at different heights (H) and depths (D) of the inside drum (H (mm){\times}D (mm), Trial1: $962.5{\times}609.4$, Trial2: $962.5{\times}624.4$, Trial3: $982.5{\times}644.4$, Trial4: $995.5{\times}642.4$, Trial5: $1015.5{\times}677.4$). The joint torques and muscle strengths tended to be considerably different during torso flexion in the sagittal plane for all the trials. The maximum joint torques for the thoracic vertebra, left ankle, and right shoulder measured in Trial4 were significantly higher than those measured in the other trials (p < 0.05); in addition, those for the thoracic vertebra and both ankles measured in Trial5 were significantly higher than those measured in the other trials (p < 0.05). The maximum muscle strengths for the left trapezius muscle and both tibialis anterior muscles measured in Trial5 were significantly higher than those measured in the other trials (p < 0.05). These results indicate that housework done using a pulsator washing machine may affect joint torques and muscle strengths, and these effects are dependent on the height and/or depth of the inside drum of the pulsator washing machine.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate appropriate weight for aged farmers in manually handling livestock feed in bags using ergonomic methods. Background: In the livestock industry in South Korea, despite the trend of aging of labor manpower, heavy items are still manually handled in many farms. In particular, among stockbreeding works, the handling of feed in bags weighing 25~30kg is reported as a cause of frequent injuries and musculoskeletal system diseases. However, studies on the standard for recommended weight allowed considering the physical characteristics of aged farmers older than 60 years with greatly decreased physical strength and muscle strength are insufficient. Method: To evaluate appropriate weight for handling of heavy livestock feed in bags, physical techniques for measuring recognized levels of physical work loads, the NLE (NIOSH lifting equation) a method that is an observation type technique, and an ergonomic modeling technique to predict compressive force imposed on L5/S1 were used. Subjects who participated in the experiment were organized into two groups of males/females with mean age exceeding 60 years, and lifting tasks were evaluated for nine weight levels. Results: Based on the results of psychophysical measurement, females showed a tendency of more drastic increases compared to males when weight was over 19kg. The results of estimation of regression models for the weight, 18.0 kg ($r^2=0.97$) and 15.3kg ($r^2=0.97$) were evaluated as stable load for males and females, respectively. In addition, both the observation type evaluation and ergonomic model evaluation showed stable loads in a range of 15~18kg. Conclusion: Given the results of the study, the weight of the feed in bags currently distributed to farms can become a cause of not only overexertion but also farm work related disasters such as musculoskeletal disorders and safety accidents. Providing livestock feed in bags weighing not more than 19kg for aged farmers is judged desirable, and managerial improvement for this matter is considered necessary. Application: The results of the present study can be utilized as useful data for institutional improvement of the weight of livestock feed in bags.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1299-1303
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• 2009

뇌졸중 환 6명을 대상으로 발병후 3개월 지난 시기에 1차 실험을 실시하였고, 6개월 지난 시기에 2차 실험을 하여 뇌졸중환자들을 대상으로 운동학적변인, 각운동학적변인 그리고 지면반력과 발바닥의 압력분포를 알아보았다. 운동학적변인의 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 6개월간 꾸준히 재활운동에 참가한 환자는 3개월 때 보다 훨씬 보폭(step length)이 크게 나타났으며(11.18 cm, 12.25 cm, p=0.58), 보폭의 빈도(step time) 또한 빠르게 나타났다(1.20 sec, 1.18 sec, p=0.53). 환측의 발만 지지면에 닿아 있는 시간(single support time)의 연구에서는 재활운동에 꾸준히 참가한 환자가 발을 지면으로부터 빨리 떼는 것으로 나타났다(34.97%, 29.02%, p=0.74). 환측다리 움직임의 빠르기를 나타내는 변인(cadence)에서는 1분당 움직임의 회수가 6개월 운동에 참가한 사람의 보폭회수가 3개월 운동에 참가한 사람의 보폭회수 보다 훨씬 빠르게 나타났다(21.04 step/min, 28.89 step/min, 0.27). 각 운동학변인에서는 통계적으로 모든 변인에서 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 평균의 비교에서 꾸준하게 6개월 동안 재활운동에 참가한 환자는 발목관절, 무릎관절 그리고 엉덩관절 모두의 가동범위가 크게 나타났다. 걷기동작에서 상해의 원인이되는 최초 접촉 순간의 충격력(impact force)의 비교에서는 6개월간 꾸준히 재활운동에 참가한 환자는 충격력이 작게 나타났다(1.20 N/kg, 1.13 N/kg, p=0.45). 전방으로의 추진력(anterior propulsion force)과 후방으로의 감속력(posterior braking force)은 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p=0.28, p=0.39)를 나타내지 않았으나 재활운동에 꾸준히 참가한 환자들은 전후방의 힘(0.10 N/kg, 0.15 N/kg; -0.12 N/kg, -0.18 N/kg)이 좋아지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 걷기 동작 시 환측발의 최대 압력분포값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p=0.24)는 없었으나 6개월 재활훈련참가자(15.51 N/$cm^2$)가 3개월 재활훈련참가자(13.99 N/$cm^2$) 보다 지면을 더욱 가볍게 밟고 지나가는 것으로 나타났다. 위의 연구결과들을 바탕으로 볼 때 뇌졸중 환자들은 꾸준하게 재활운동에 참가하여야 하며 주위 사람들의 관심이 항상 필요하다고 사료된다.