• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.spc
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2011

Plant biomass is a huge carbon-complex that has potential as a nutrient. Therefore we extracted and separated useful materials for plant growth from tea leaf and stem. The pre-treatment process including high temperature ($200^{\circ}C$) and pressure (20-40 kgf/$cm^2$) was treated for several minutes and extracted at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30-60 minutes. After that the chemical compositions and ingredients were analyzed from that plant-nutrient. As a result of mineral contents, calcium and magnesium concentrations are higher than other minerals. Also the result of carbohydrates analyses has shown that the sugar oligomer consists of xylose(95.3%) and glucose(4.7%), and the sugar monomer consists in the order of xylose (52.7%) > manose (22.8%) > arabinose (10.8%) > galactose (10.2%) > glucose (3.5%). Before applied to field, in vitro plant growth system and formulation were examined. To evaluate the effect of the nutrients, both strawberry green-house and persimmon fields were used in this test. The treated persimmons were heavier than controls scored at 13-22%. In addition, the storage-period was extended in the treated strawberries. Interestingly in the treated strawberry, the contents of polyphenols were increased (38-57%). These results suggest that the plant-nutrient can afford to help for plant growth and storage, and it can be substituted for other commercial nutrients. In conclusion, this plant-nutrient may help to extend eco-friendly or organic farming in Hadong-gun area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.368-373
• /
• 2002

The strip intercropping system has used due to many advantages. Many researches supported these crop systems are usually equal to or better than monoculture crop systems in both total production and profit. There was no research to examine the important ecological factors in the competition between crops. A strip intercropping system composed of adjacent narrow strips of corn, soybean, and oat/legumes has been investigated in Iowa, USA. This study conducted to investigate why and how the differences in soybean yield are produced and affected by light, one of the microclimate, of the strip intercropping system. In height, the two rows of soybean closest to corn were taller than the two rows near the then-empty oat strip. The height of each crop decreased as the amount of light received increased. Weight of plant parts was lowest in row 1, nearest corn, and highest in row 4, next to the vacant oat strip. Daily photon flux density(PFD) increased with increasing distance from corn, with the highest value occurring on the edge next to the empty oat strip. Analyses of the relationship between light and biomass of soybean showed that all biomass measurements had a positive relationship to total PFD per day except height.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.319-325
• /
• 2017

Marine algal flora and community structures were examined seasonally at three sites around the Shingori Nuclear Power Plant, Korea from February to November 2016. A total of 76 species were identified, including 9 green, 14 brown and 53 red algae. The greatest number of species occurred at Daesongri (51 species) followed by Sinamri (43 species) and at the discharge area (38 species) during the study period. Of the 76 seaweeds, 59 annuals and 17 warm tolerant species were recorded. Annual average biomass in dry weight varied from $168.02g/m^2$ at the discharge area to $222.53g/m^2$ at Sinamri. The coarsely branched form was the dominant functional form of seaweeds at the three sites. Seaweed community structures at the discharge site were distinguishable by decreasing species richness, biomass, species diversity index, richness index, and evenness index. The ratio of warm tolerance species and the dominance index values were remarkably higher at the discharge than those at the other sites.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.493-502
• /
• 1995

Nodulation phenology in relation to plant phenology, vertical distribution of nodul and root biomass in different soil, correlation between nodule and root size, and nitrogen mineralization around the rhizosphere by ion-exchange resin bag buried at 10 cm of soil were studied in Elaeagnus nmbellata (autumn-olive) stand, Korea. Nodulation appeared from spring to autumn and nodule phenology was coincided with the timing of root activity rather than that of foliation. Nodul size increased in proportion to the root size. In the sand dune with the lower root biomass, nodule appeared up to 80 cm deep in soil and the nodule biomass was 1,070 kg/ha, which was the highest value reported for several actinorhizal plants in the temperate regions. It is suggested that nodule distribution and production are mainly influenced by soil aeration among environmental factors. The higher ammonification or lower nitrification rate contrasted markedly with the earlier studies that reported lower ammonification or higher nitrification in actinorhizal plant soil. Nitrogen mineralization rate around the rhizosphere with root and nodule was characterized by higher nitrification rate than that in the control soil without root and nodule.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2009

Organic carbon (OC) distribution in 32-year-old pitch pine plantation at Mt. Hotae in Kongju, Korea, was studied from August 2007 to July 2008. In order to investigate the OC distribution, OC in plant biomass, litterfall, litter layer on forest floor, and soil within 50cm depth were estimated. The density of P. rigida plantation was 3,200 trees/ha, average DBH was $18.7{\pm}5.53cm$ and average tree height was $11.1{\pm}1.85m$. Organic carbon stored in plant biomass, litterlayer on forest floor and soil in 2008 was 89.46 ton C/ha (46.09%), 4.32 ton C/ha (2.23%) and 100.32 ton C $ha^{-1}$ 50cm-$depth^{-1}$ (51.68%), respectively. Amount of OC returned to forest floor via litterfall was 2.21 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Total amount of OC stored in this P. rigida plantation was 194.1 ton C/ha. Net increase of OC in above- and below-ground biomass in this pitch pine plantation was 4.82 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.185-191
• /
• 2013

Over the past decades, carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere of the world has increased significantly, and thereby the greenhouse effect has become a social issue. To solve this problem, new renewable energy sources including solar, hydrogen, geothermal, wind and bio-energy are suggested as alternatives. Among these new energy sources, bio-energy crops are widely introduced and under rapid progress. For example, corn and oilseed rape plants are used for the production of bio-ethanol and bio-diesel, respectively. However, grain prices has increased severely because of the use of corn for bio-ethanol production. Therefore, non-edible switchgrass draws attention as an alternative source for bio-ethanol production in USA. This review describes the shortage of fossil energy and an importance of switchgrass as a bio-energy crop. Also, some characteristics of its major cultivars are introduced including growth habit, total output of biomass yields. Furthermore, biotechnological approaches have been conducted to improve the productivity of switchgrass using tissue culture and genetic transformation.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 2018

The Soyangho Reservoir in Korea has a large drawdown zone, with an annual maximum water level fluctuation of 37 m due to dam operations to maintain a stable water supply and control flooding, especially during the monsoon period. The floristic composition, distribution and biomass of the major plant communities in the drawdown zone of the Soyangho Reservoir were assessed in order to understand their responses to the wide water level fluctuation. Species richness of vascular plants was low, and species composition was dominated by herbaceous annuals. Principal coordinates analysis using both flora and environmental data identified slope angle and the distance from the dam as important factors determining floristic composition. The species richness was low in the steep drawdown zone close to the dam, where much of the soil surface was almost devoid of vegetation. In shallower slopes, distant from the dam plant communities composed of mainly annuals were found. The large fluctuation in water level exposed soil where these annuals could establish. An overall biomass of 122 t (metric tons) Dry Matter was estimated for the reservoir, containing ca 3.6 t N (nitrogen) and ca 0.3 t P (phosphorus); the role of the vegetation of the drawdown zone in carbon sequestration and water pollution were briefly discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.238-244
• /
• 2005

Fertilization effects on changes in soil $CO_2$ flux and organic C in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) land managed for biomass production were investigated. The mean daily soil $CO_2$ flux in the manure treatment was 5.63 g $CO_2-C\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, and this was significantly higher than the mean value of 3.36 g $CO_2-C\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ in the control. The mean daily $CO_2$ fluxes in N and P fertilizer treatments plots were not different when compared to the value in the control plots. Potentially mineralizable C (PMC), soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), and particulate organic C (POC) were highest at the 0 to 10 cm depth of the manure treatment. Potentially mineralizable C had the strongest correlation with SMBC (r = 0.91) and POC (r = 0.84). There was also a strong correlation between SMBC and POC (r = 0.90). Our results indicated that for the N and P levels studied, fertilization had no impact on temporal changes in soil organic C, but manure application had a significant impact on temporal changes in soil $CO_2$ evolution and active C constituents such as PMC, SMBC, and POC.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 1975

It was studied of relation between biomass of reed communities (Phragmitis communis) and several environmental factors concerned with such as chlor ine, pH, humus content in soil and depth of seawater submerged. Two sites where were the different geographical conditions were set up. One site had two plots: H plot, at theshallows of seawater, was not submerged except at full tide or at heavy rainfall, and M plot, at medium depth of seawater, submerged at every common tide at inside of a bank along the west seashore of Mu-An-peninsula. The other site also two plots: M' plot, at medium depth, submerged about 10 hours at each tide, and L plot, at deep seawater submerged every tims at tide at the outside of a bank along the eastside estuary of Youngsan river. Maximum standing crop of the reed community was shown on 25th of June: biomass at H M, M' and L plot were respectively 4.65, 3.60, 0.98, and 0.67 kg dry weight per $m^2$. Density of individual at H, M, M' and L plot was 67, 78, 244 and 333 plants per $m^2$. Net production of the terrestrial parts of rred community on the outside of the bank were lesser as much as a sixth than that on inside, but the density of the plant on outside of the bank was higher as much 4 or 5 times than that on inside. It was assumed that the growth of reed plant was inhibited by high chlorine, high pH, less humus in soil and submergence of seawater for long period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.422-426
• /
• 2009

Sweetpotato is one of the important starch crops, current more considered as an industrial crop rather than food because it has higher starch content (over 80% of biomass), it is used for bio resources for industrial area. In this study, we generated S598A (a mutant gene of oat phytochrome A) sweetpotato plant using Agrobacterium-transformation method. Morphological characteristics of S598A plant were compared with the wild type sweetpotato, S598A had darker green leaves, increased chlorophyll content higher than to two-fold, delayed leaf senescence, shorter plant height (60% shorter than that of the wild type), more number of leaves and petioles about 1.8-fold, shorter petiole length (30% shorter), 1.2-fold more branches and 1.6-fold thicker stem diameters. From this study, S598A plants with such phenotypic characteristics might be able to use the solar energy efficiently, to have increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and finally to increase productivity (not only starch yield but also root biomass yield). S598A sweetpotato lines are under field trials.