• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

Anyang Stream Restoration Movement was started from 2001 for the construction of ecological city. The facilities for reuse of treated sewerage have been used since 2003 for improvement of water quality, maintenance of water quantity, river ecological restoration, and hydrophilic space. Thus, the Anyang city has been gradually transformed to eco-friendly city after the construction of Anyang stream and Hakui stream as natural rivers. In this study, biological and chemical methods as well as ecological indicators for Anyang mainstream and major tributaries were monitored for four years in between 2008 and 2012. The water quality and the diversity of species in most of the streams were found to be good except Anyang main stream. It appears that the influence of seasonal drying stream is almost disappeared except Sammak stream. Thus, the values for BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and BIP (Biological Index of Pollution) for Anyang main stream were found to be 5.27~3.42mg/l and 4.51~5.50, respectively. This is considered to be caused by the reused water quality of treated wastewater being exceeded the design criteria or by the non-point source of contaminants around the stream. However, entire section of tributaries shows I, II grade as a good water quality.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.631-648
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• 2012

The integrative ecological approaches of chemical assessments, physical habitat modelling, and multi-metric biological health modelling were applied to Gwanpyeong Stream within Gap-Stream watersheds to evaluate environmental impacts on the constructions of residential and commercial complex. For the analysis, the surveys conducted from 45 sites of reference streams within the Gap-Stream watershed and 3 regular sites during 2009 - 2010. Physical habitat health, based on the habitat model of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index(QHEI) declined from the headwaters(good - fair condition) to the downstream(poor condition). Chemical water quality, based turbidity and electric conductivity(EC), was degraded toward to the downstream, and especially showed abrupt increases, compared to the values of control streams(CS). Also, concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the downstreams were greater compared to the control stream(CS), indicating an eutrophication. Biological health conditions, based on the Index of Biological Integrity(IBI) using fish assemblages, averaged 19.3 which is judged as a fair condition by the biological criteria of the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The comparisons of model metric values in sensitive species and riffle-benthic species on the Maximum Species Richness Line(MSRL) of 45 reference streams indicated a massive disturbances in all sampling locations. Also, tolerance guild and trophic guild analyses suggest that dominances of tolerant species and omnivores were evident, indicating a biological degradation by habitat disturbances and organic matter pollutions. There was no distinct longitudinal variations of IBI model values from the headwater to the downstream in spite of slight chemical and habitat health gradients among the sampling sites. Overall, integrative ecological health(IEH) scores, based on the chemical, physical, and biological parameters, were low compared to the 45 reference streams due to physical and chemical disturbances of massive constructions of the residential and commercial complex. This stream, thus showed a tendency of typical urban streams which are disturbed in the chemical water quality, habitat structures, and biological integrity. Effective stream management plans and restoration strategies are required in this urban stream for improving integrative stream health.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.254-263
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to evaluate biological water quality using fish assemblages in Nakdong River watershed. We selected 6 sites along the main axis of the river and evaluated the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) and chemical water quality during July 2004${\sim}$March 2006. For the study, we applied the 10 metric IBI model, which was developed for national biological water quality criteria. Nakdong River's IBI value averaged 20.8 (n=14) during the study which means poor biological water quality. Physical habitat health at all sites, based on QHEI model, was measured as 110, indicating fair${\sim}$good condition. The habitat health varied depending on the locations sampled. Habitat health in sites 1 and 6 was judged as good, while the health in sites 3 and 4 was $poor{\sim}fair$. Especially, we found the metric values of $M1{\sim}M5$, M7, M10 were low in sites 3 and 4 compared to other sites. In these sites, thus, habitat restoration of substrate composition, riffles, and bank vegetation may be necessary. In the mean time, chemical water quality, based on BOD, COD, TSS, and nutrients, had no large spatial and temporal variations. Overall data analysis indicated that site 3 was largely impacted by the polluted-tributary, Keumho River and the downstreams showed better water quality due to the dilution of the polluted river water by Nam River and Hwang River.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.359-372
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• 2015

Purpose: Through studying the expert's and non-experts panel responses to the questions regarding the attributes of chemical-biological protection cloth quality in terms of the levels of customer demand and technical factors has been studied. We are applied to a QFD matrix with find out the relationship between the selective removal efficiency of chemical-biological cloth and the guidelines of technical approach. Methods: We fabricated several composite of ion-exchange resins with selectively permeable performance designed to facilities water vapor transport and selective adsorption of the harmful gases. With these materials, we characterized on the selectively permeable performance to identify ion-exchange resin with chemical-biological protective cloth. Results: Results showed that ion exchange materials possessed performance with selectively efficiencies as NH3, SOx, NOx and HCl gas. The selective adsorption amount of ammonia and hydrogen gases were $90-80{\mu}g/g$ with TRILITE SCR-BH sulfonated ion exchange resin. The PP non-woven/ion exchange resin adsorbent materials possessed performance with water vapor permeability were 1,100-1,350 g/m2/day, it's was two times high value compare with activated carbon. With these materials, we characterized selectively removal efficiency to identify new ion-exchange material with chemical-biological protective capability. Conclusion: This study shows that a QFD aids in deciding with of the adsorption parameters to optimized with chemical-biological protection cloth manufacturing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.837-848
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• 2006

This paper presents the test results of biological aerated filtration(BAF) process to replace activated sludge process by enhancing treated effluent quality and reducing the costs. In BAF process both BOD and SS compounds in wastewater are degraded and removed by biological reaction and filtration. Upflow BAF with expanded polypropylene media and downflow BAF with ceramic media were used to investigate the effects of hydraulic and organic loads on effluent quality. As a result, in BAF processes which has different media, upflow BAF reactor shows 5% higher efficiency than downflow BAF and this phenomena caused by backwashing methods and operational conditions. The results of influence factors analyzed by Factor Analysis Method in BOD and SS treatment efficiency are the size of media, hight of media bed and type of media. The quantitative effects of media size are 5.73% in TBOD, 5.78% in SBOD and 7.65% in TSS, so we confirmed the main factor is media size.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2020

Water quality demonstrates physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. The quality of surface and groundwater is currently an important concern with population growth and industrialization. Over exploitation of water resources due to demand is causing the deterioration of surface water and ground water. Periodic water quality testing must be carried out to protect our water resources. The present research analyses the spatial variation of surface water and groundwater in and around the lakes of Hyderabad. Twenty-Seven lakes and their neighboring bore water samples are obtained for water quality monitoring. Samples are evaluated for specific physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Cl, SO₄, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Total Hardness (TH). The spatial variation of water quality parameters for the 27 lakes and groundwater were analysed. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were carried out to determine comparative study of lake and ground water. The study found that most of the lakes were polluted and this had an impact on surrounding ground water.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.spc
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Lake Suwa is a natural lake which is well-known for sightseeing and fisheries. It had suffered severe eutrophication during 1960s and 1970s with the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and the extinction of some benthic animals. Since 1980 water quality has been improved due to efforts of local government, scientists, and citizens. Of various methods that were attempted to improve the water quality of Lake Suwa biological methods received much attention, because it can improve the lake ecosystem integrity and fisheries in addition to the water quality. The aim of this paper is to introduce the biological methods for water quality improvement that had been employed in Lake Suwa, Japan, and their contribution to the economic benefit of local residents. Until now a significant restoration of water quality has been achieved, but there are insufficient recovery of the sediment and biota due to anoxic hypolimnion of the lake. This study proposed suspended cage culture of bivalves as a feasible method of water quality improvement. Increased grazing by bivalves will contribute to the improvement of water quality and fisheries production, which will contribute both to the ecological restoration and economy of local residents.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2011

This study was conducted to estimate the water quality of agricultural groundwater well located in Buan-gun, Jinan-gun, Sunchang-gun, and Jangsu-gun of Jeollabuk-do. The groundwater samples were collected at 328 sites (Buan-gun: 158, Jansu-gun: 45, Sunchang-gun: 32, Jinan-gun: 93, respectively). We measured 4 kinds of general contaminants (pH, $NO_3-N$, $Cl^-$, and COD) and 10 kinds of specific contaminants (Cd, As, $CN^-$, Hg, phenol, Pb, $Cr^{+6}$, organophosphorus, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene). Generally, the level of general contaminants and specific contaminants in the agricultural groundwater was suitable for water quality standard in all sites for agricultural irrigation water. Exceptionally, chloride concentrations were exceeded water quality standard of agricultural groundwater at some sites in western coast area of Jeollabuk-do. Although water quality standards in agricultural groundwater have been suitable, the water contaminants of agricultural groundwater in western coast area were gradually increased than eastern mountain area.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.502-509
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• 2009

In this study a total of 27 stream sites, at 1 km intervals, were monitored for simple physicochemical water characteristics, land coverage patterns, and stream environment characteristics using the Habitat-riparian Indexing System (HIS), in the Yangsan Stream. The HIS has been tested in previous research, resulting in some identification of advantages in the application to the stream ecosystems data. Even though reliable stream environment characterization was possible using HIS, there was no information about the application of this tool to present continuity of environmental changes in stream systems. Also the necessity was raised to compare the results of HIS application with land coverage information in order to provide useful information in management strategy development. The monitoring results of this study showed that changes of environmental degradation were well represented by HIS. Especially, stream environment degradation due to construction was relatively well reflected in the HIS monitoring results, and the main causality of Yangsan Stream degradation was expansion of the urbanized area. In addition, there were significant relationships between the HIS scores and land coverage information. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare appropriate options in controlling or managing the expansion of the industrialized areas in this stream basin in order to improve the stream environment. For this purpose, ensemble utilization of HIS results, water quality, and geographical information, resulting in integration with remote sensing processes can be possible.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2016

Background: Little is known about how chemical water quality is associated with ecological stream health in relation to landuse patterns in a watershed. We evaluated spatial characteristics of water quality characteristics and the ecological health of Dongjin-River basin, Korea in relation to regional landuse pattern. The ecological health was assessed by the multi-metric model of Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), and the water chemistry data were compared with values obtained from the health model. Results: Nutrient and organic matter pollution in Dongjin-River basin, Korea was influenced by land use pattern and the major point sources, so nutrients of TN and TP increased abruptly in Site 4 (Jeongeup Stream), which is directly influenced by wastewater treatment plants along with values of electric conductivity (EC), bacterial number, and sestonic chlorophyll-a. Similar results are shown in the downstream (S7) of Dongjin River. The degradation of chemical water quality in the downstream resulted in greater impairment of the ecological health, and these were also closely associated with the landuse pattern. Forest region had low nutrients (N, P), organic matter, and ionic content (as the EC), whereas urban and agricultural regions had opposite in the parameters. Linear regression analysis of the landuse (arable land; $A_L$) on chemicals indicated that values of $A_L$ had positive linear relations with TP ($R^2=0.643$, p < 0.01), TN ($R^2=0.502$, p < 0.05), BOD ($R^2=0.739$, p < 0.01), and suspended solids (SS; ($R^2=0.866$, p < 0.01), and a negative relation with TDN:TDP ratios ($R^2=0.719$, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Chemical factors were closely associated with land use pattern in the watershed, and these factors influenced the ecological health, based on the multimetric fish IBI model. Overall, the impairments of water chemistry and the ecological health in Dongjin-River basin were mainly attributes to point-sources and land-use patterns.