• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2013

The bacterial community structure in a biological reactor fed influent from a wastewater treatment system was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and in situ hybridization. Sludges were collected from three biological reactors (aerobic, oxic, and anoxic tanks) at the M wastewater treatment facility (WTF). The influent of the MWTF consisted of mixed tannery wastewater (40~65%) and seafood wastewater (35~60%). The treatment processes resulted in a removal efficiency for BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) of 83.6~98.2% and 72.8~84.6%, respectively for tannery wastewater than for seafood wastewater resulted in greater survival of biomass in the biological reactors and a higher removal of BOD, COD, and T-N of about 8~18%. In contrast, addition of greater amounts of seafood wastewater decreased the amount of biomass in the bioreactors due to the increasing concentration of chromium from that wastewater and it also. The dominant bacterial species during the high seafood wastewater input period were Burkholderia cepacia (JX901049) and an uncultured bacterium (JF247555), while Pseudomonas geniculata (HQ256559) was dominant during the high tannery wastewater input period. Flavobacteriumsp. BF.107 (FM173271) and Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii (Y14306) were dominant under anoxic conditions.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1994

To slove the problems by the scum, which causes operational and water quality problems in water treatment plants, several researches were conducted based on the site investigations on twelve large water treatment plants, biological and chemical analysis of scum, analyzing raw water quality data. Two types of scum, which are from scum and floe scum, can be classified based on the analysis and site investigations. The major parameter generating floe scum was indicated as fine bubbles dissolved in the water. The fine bubbles dissolved in the water can be generated by over-saturated air in the water, adding aluminum surface as the coagulant, conducting the break point pre-chlorination and so on. The water spray method, which is one of the physical treatment methods for removing scum, was selected for conducting experiments on the removal efficiency in the flocculation basin of the real water treatment plant. The water spray method was successfully applied for removing scum with the advantages of using spiral nozzles in case of using the raw water rather than the cleaned water.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권4호통권109호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2004

France에서는 국가적 차원에서 지난 1994년부터 수역관리청 (French Water Agencies : Seine, Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse, Artois-Picardie, Rhin-Meuse and Adour-Garonne)과 연합한 농공환경연구소(CEMAGREF)의 주도로 France 영토 (France본토 및 부속 도서에 해외 영토가 지구상에 걸쳐 존재함) 내에서 신뢰도를 가지고 간단히 이용할 수 있는 수질감시망 방법론으로 실용적인 규조류 지수 (Indice Biologique Diatomees)를 만들기로 하였다. 물론 이전인 1970년대부터 Seine강 수역관리청에서 규조류 지수를 이용하기 시작하였고, 1990년대부터 다른 5개 수역관리청에서도 도입한 바가 있다. 이 후 1995년에 최초의 지수를 공표하였고, 지속적이고 정기적인 자료원의 최신화와 보강을 거듭하여 1996년에 최초로 6대 수역관리청에서 적용하였으며 1998년에는 미비한 자료를 완결시키고 기존의 프로그램을 재검토하여 2000년 6월에 표준화된 3번째 판인 IBD가 만들어졌다. 이 방법론은 France의 표준화법인 AFNOR에 NF T90-354로 출간되어 범용화단계를 시작하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.429-436
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• 2000

In order to study on the variational characteristics of water quality and chlorolphyll a concentration the water samples were collected daily or three times a week during the period from April 1990 to November 1991 at Kukdong port located in the northern Kamak bay of Southern Korea I made an analysis on biological factor as chlorophyll a concentration as well as physico-chemical factors such as water temperature salinity sigma-t dissolved oxygen, nutrients (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) N/P ratio and chemical oxygen demand. In Northern Kamak bay seasonal variations in physical factors such as water temperature salinity and sigma-t were very marked. On the other hand chemical factors such as nutrients concentration and COD were not so. Chemical factors, in particular silicate were influenced by input of freshwater. And the roles of silicate on the seasonal succession of phytoplankton species composition was very low. Phytoplankton biomass as measured by chlorophyll a concentration was very high all the year round and it was controlled by the combination of several factors especially of N/P ratio determined by dissolved inorganic nitrogen.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.42-55
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• 1999

A mathematical model for biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor process, which is based on the IAWQ Activated Sludge Model No. 2 with a few modifications, has been developed. Twenty water quality components and twenty three kinetic equations are incorporated in the model. The model is structured in the matrix form based on the law of mass conservation using stoichiometry and kinetic equations. Stoichiometric coefficients and kinetic parameters included in the model equations are chosen from the literature. A multistep predictor-corrector algorithm of variable step-size is adopted for solving the vector nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The simulation for experimental results is conducted to evaluate the validity of the model and to calibrate coefficients and parameters. The simulation using the model well represents the experimental results from laboratory. The mathematical model developed in this study may be utilized for the design and operation of a sequencing batch reactor process under the steady and unsteady-state at various environmental conditions.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2001

Since the middle of 1990s, in Korea a few researches on the optimal management technologies combining numerical model and GIS for the management of water environment in drinking watershed area and reservoir such as Paldang Lake have been carried out. In this study, the integrated water environment management system was been suggested to efficiently reflect the public awareness of the environment by integrating the web based distributed data collection system, GIS, public hearing system and water quality model. As all the components of the system have been developed using the World Wide Web and all data have been collected from the relevant agencies through the Internet, the water quality model could be implemented on the web directly. In consequence, the environmental geographic information in Paldang Lake could be acquired and analyzed through the Internet. The system can rapidly respond to the public right to know on environment, so the public will willingly participate in the governmental projects on environment. To verify the usability of the developed system, it has been applied to Paldang Lake. Especially when the web based model has been used, users can easily and confidentially get the prediction results by applying the minimum number of parameters for the water quality model. This model will provide clearness and scientific bases in the process of water quality prediction for the sensitive sites where there are critical conflicts between the residents and the developers. In this study, rapid water environment management technique without spatial and time limit has been suggested, which can contribute to the efforts on the government and the public participation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to reprocess Waste-LCD(Liquid Crystal Display), to widely increase specific surface-area by foaming agent in the process of reprocessing and to use as a substrate of water treatment which is increased the ability of biological treatment, as well as to control non-point source pollutants produced by surface run off during rainfall with using this substrate, and to improve water quality of public watershed as developing substrate for water treatment to be able to purify second treated water which is exhausted at the wastewater treatment plant. The average removal efficiency of Waste-LCD that using the foaming technology was SS 71.2%, BOD 55.7%, COD 58.4%, T-N 29.5% and T-P was 50.3%. Almost Media, early stage showed low removal efficiency of SS and BOD. However, it became high when the microorganism adhered the Media. The variation of SS removal efficiency was high by inflow concentration of SS. The reason for the Media 4 showed high SS removal efficiency is that it has wide specific surface-area, and also it has a pore. All in all, it shows floating matter treatment ability not only inside but it also works outside of the substrate.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권spc1호
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• pp.1053-1060
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• 2021

현행 수질모니터링은 현장에서 수질 시료를 채취하여 실험실로 이동 후 분석하는 방법에 의존하고 있다. 이러한 분석기법은 노동집약적이며 경제적으로도 많은 부담이 주어진다. 그러나 현행 모니터링시스템을 개선하기 위하여 보다 짧은 시료채취주기 또는 시료채취지점 확대 등과 같은 방법을 동원하는 것은 인력 및 경제적 측면을 고려할 때 현실적으로 거의 불가능에 가깝다. 따라서 인력 및 경제적인 측면에서 큰 부담없이 현행 수질모니터링기법을 보완할 수 있는 방안이 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 모델링 기법을 도입하여 현행 수질모니터링 시스템을 보완하고자 하였고 인공신경망모델을 적용하였다. 인공신경망은 사람의 뇌에서 일어나는 작용을 모방한 기법으로 인지할 수 있는 현상을 뇌가 종합적으로 판단하는 과정을 컴퓨터에서 구현하는 방식인데 수질 예측을 위해 이러한 인공신경망기법을 도입 하였다. 본 연구에서는 수질 인자 중 Total coliform 을 타겟으로 하여 하천말단부에서 이들 인자를 예측할 수 있는지에 중점을 두고 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과 제한된 입력인자를 이용하여 모델을 검보정하였음에도 불구하고 좋은 예측 성능을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 사용된 기법을 근거로 수질상태를 사전에 예측함으로 수계 관리를 수행한다면 현 수질모니터링 시스템 보완에 큰 도움일 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.514-536
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• 2018

GPI (Group Pollution Index) using 29 indicator groups of Korean benthic macroinvertebrates was proposed in 1992, a higher category taxa-level index developed for rapid field assessment of organic water pollution. This study was performed to revise the assessment scheme of GPI based on taxonomic performance and ecological information accumulated since 1992. The original GPI was renamed SBMI (Simple Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index), and SBMI was based on saprobic valency of 26 indicator groups composed of higher category taxa (mainly family ~ phylum) excluding some genus or species-level taxa. SBMI revealed highly significant correlation with concentration of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$) (correlation coefficient r = 0.78, n = 569 sites), total suspended solids (r = 0.69), and total phosphorus (r = 0.77). Also, SBMI revealed strong correlation with Shannon-Weaver's species diversity (r = -0.85), Margalef's species richness (r = -0.85), and McNaughton's dominance (r = 0.83). Determination coefficient of SBMI to concentration of water quality items and values of community indices such as species diversity was 3 ~ 8 % and approximately 11 ~ 14 % higher than that of GPI, respectively. Correlation between SBMI and water quality factors or community indices such as species diversity did not reveal much difference compared to that of species-level indices, such as BMI (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index) and ESB (Ecological Score of Benthic Macroinvertebrates). SMBI is a simple-qualitative index with higher category taxa easily identified, and is applicable for rapid field assessment of water environment impairment.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

The objectives of this study were to develop a system linking hydrologic and water quality models considering the mechanisms of agricultural reservoir and paddy cultivation and to evaluate whether the developed system simulates hydrologic and water quality processes better than a hydrologic model that do not consider the mechanisms. The system consisted of Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) as a watershed model, Module-based hydrologic Analysis System for Agricultural watersheds (MASA) as reservoir water balance model, and Chemical, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management System-Paddy (CREAMS-PADDY) as a hydrologic and water quality model for paddy fields. This study carried out on the Seolseong-Cheon watershed in Icheon, and the water level and water quality had been monitored for two years at the outlet of the watershed. According to the results of this study, the performance of the simulation using HSPF-MASA-CREAMS-PADDY system was better than others, but they did not show a statistically significant difference. This seemed to be due to the uncertainty of the farming data and the water quality data of the reservoir. Therefore, if accurate input data for the system is obtained, HSPF-MASA-CREAMS-PADDY system could be used to model an agricultural watershed to obtain more realistic results. The results of this study could be utilized to the modeling of agricultural watersheds in Korea where paddy rice cultivation is dominant.