• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to analyze chemical water quality, ecological characteristics of fish compositions, and ecosystem health before- (B_wc; 2008-2009) and after-the weir construction (A_wc; 2011-2012) at Juksan Weir and Seungchon Weir of Yeongsan River watershed. Suspended solids (SS) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in Juksan Weir increased, whereas nutrients such as total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) decreased in the epilimnetic water. In Juksan and Seungchon weirs, fish species distribution analysis in the periods of B_wc and A_wc showed that sensitive species were rare and tolerant species were dominant in the community. In the analysis of trophic guild, relative abundance of carnivore species are increased to 22% and 12%, respectively, after the constructions of Seungchon Weir and Juksan Weir. Mann-Whitney U-tests of nonparametric statistical analysis indicated that omnivore and carnivore species had significant differences (p < 0.05) between the B_wc and A_wc. The massive population growth of an exotic species, Micropterus salmoides, was evident in Seungchon Weir to influence on the structures of fish communities. The model values of mean Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), based on fish assemblages, were < 15, which indicates "poor" condition in the river health, and the significant difference of IBI values was not found between the B_wc and A_wc.

• 생태와환경
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2019

Smart farm is a breakthrough technology that can maximize crop productivity and economy through efficient utilization of space regardless of external environmental factors. This study was conducted to investigate the optimal growth and physiological conditions of Chinese matrimony vine (Lycium chinense) with LED light sources in a smart farm. The light source was composed of red+blue and red+blue+white mixed light using a LED system. In the red+blue mixed light, red and blue colored LEDs were mixed at ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 5:1, and 10:1, with duty ratios varied to 100%, 99%, and 97%. The experimental results showed that the photosynthetic rate according to the types of light sources did not show statistically significant differences. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic rate according to the mixed ratio of the red and the blue light was highest with the red light and blue LED ratio of 1:1 while the water use efficiency was highest with the red and blue LED ratio of 2:1. The photosynthetic rate according to duty ratio was highest with the duty ratio of 99% under the mixed light condition of red+blue+white whereas the water use efficiency was highest with the duty ratio of 97% under the mixed light of red+blue LED. The results indicate that the light source and light quality for the optimal growth of Lycium chinense in the smart farm using the LED system are the mixed light of red+blue (1:1) and the duty ratio of 97%.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2004

The disposal of stormwater is one of the major problems in urban water management. One method of reducing peak runoff rates and other detrimental impacts of stormwater is detention storage. Detention ponds as a water quality control alternatives have been investigated by a number of researchers. Recognizing multiple roles such as flood peak attenuation, pollution removal and aesthetic enhancement, the design and management of detentions ponds deserve more research. The purpose of this research is to establish design criteria wet detention ponds to improve water quality. Water quality in detention pond discharge might be improve with physical, chemical and biological alterations. Physical alteration was focused in this study. There are several methods for estimating the suspended solid control capability of wet detention ponds. Existing models of suspended solids removal are based on sedimentation and gravity settling theory. The pollutant trap efficiency of pond is a function of several interrelating factors. Detention time is the most important factor, because it determine gravity settling quantities of pollutants. Desirable modification of physical factors for improvement of water quality in wet detention ponds are volume ratio, area ratio, length to width ratio, depth, out let location, bottom soil type. In order to apply design procedure in actual site, Namak new town development area was selected.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.719-728
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• 2011

The results of investigation on the water quality of the unit watersheds in the Yeongsang/Seomjin River indicate that $BOD_5$, SS, T-P decrease in most of the unit watersheds. However, $COD_{Mn}$ and T-N increase since the Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). It is thought that $COD_{Mn}$, which is included non-biodegradable matters, is difficult to decrease only using by conventional biological treatment facilities and T-N is affected by non-point source, etc. The results of assessment on 3 years $BOD_5$ indicate that most of the unit watersheds were being improved except Yeongbon A, Seombon C and Yocheon B. In addition, it was found that T-P were also being improved except Yocheon B and Hwangryeong A. Consequently, water qualities of the unit watersheds have been improved in many cases since the TMDLs.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.409-422
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• 2017

월동수조류의 군집에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 파악하기 위하여 원주천을 6구간으로 나누어 조류의 군집 및 하천의 크기, 기온, 수질, 저서성무척추동물, 어류를 조사하였다. 원주천에서 수조류의 군집에 영향을 미치는 요인은 하천의 구조 및 기온, 수질이었다. 하천의 구조 중 월동수조류의 군집에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 저수로의 폭과 흐르는 물의 넓이인 유폭으로 그 넓이가 넓을수록 월동수조류의 종수와 개체수가 많았으며, 둔치의 폭이 넓어서 저수로의 폭과 유폭이 좁아질수록 개체수는 적었다. 월동기의 기온 변화는 하천의 결빙으로 이어지므로 수조류의 군집에 영향을 미쳤으며 결빙되지 않는 구간은 기온의 하강과 상승에 뚜렷한 증가와 감소를 보였다. 수질조사 항목 중 pH, 수온, COD, BOD, T-N, T-P, 총대장균의 수치는 하류로 갈수록 증가하여 월동수조류의 개체수 증가와 높은 상관성을 보였는데 하류에 위치한 하수처리장의 영향으로 S6의 수질검사 항목의 수치가 높게 나타났으며 월동수조류의 개체수 또한 가장 많이 관찰되었다. 하수처리장 배출수는 수질에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이는데 T-N을 비롯하여 여러 항목 수치의 증가는 하천의 영양화를 촉진시키고 이로 인해 유기물질의 축적과 수서생물의 증식을 가져옴으로 이를 먹이원으로 하는 월동수조류의 증가 원인이 될 수 있을 것으로도 여겨진다. 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집과 어류의 군집은 원주천 모든 구간에서 대체적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났으나 월동수조류의 군집과의 상관성을 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1060-1067
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of reservoirs on water quality and the distribution of pathogenic and indicator bacteria in a drinking water distribution system (total length 14km). Raw water, disinfected water, and water samples from the distribution system were subjected to physicochemical and microbiological analyses. Most factors encountered at each season included residual chloride, nitrate, turbidity, and phosphorus for heterotrophic bacterial distribution, and hardness, heterotrophic bacteria, sampling site, and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) for bacteria on selective media. No Salmonella or Shigella spp. were detected, but many colonies of opportunistic pathogens were found. Comparing tap water samples taken at similar distances from the water treatment plant, samples that had passed through a reservoir had a higher concentration of heterotrophic bacteria, and a higher rate of colony formation with 10 times as many bacteria on selective media. Based on the results with m-Endo agar, the water in reservoirs appeared safe; however, coliforms and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified on other selective media. This study illustrates that storage reservoirs in the drinking water distribution system have low microbiological water quality by opportunistic pathogens, and therefore, water quality must be controlled.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1999

밀양강 수계 7개 지점에 대하여 1997년 4월부터 12월까지 5회에 걸쳐 채집된 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집분석 및 저서성 대형무척추동물에 의한 생물학적 수질평가 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 분류군은 총 3문 8강 15목 37과 45속 81종으로서 빈모류 1종, 거머리류 2종, 복족류 6종, 부족류 5종, 갑각류 2종, 곤충류 65종으로 곤충류가 가장 많았다. 전체 지점에 대한 평균 개체수 현존량은 815개체/㎡였다. 이 중 곤충류(약80%)가 가장 많았으며, 다시 곤충류 중에는 하루살이류(약 70%)와 날도래류(약 18%)가 주를 이루었다. 각 지점별 평균개체수 현존량을 보면, 제1지점인 청도천의 경우 262개체/㎡(32.2%)로서 가장 많은 출현율을 보였고, 제7지점인 밀양강 끝지점의 경우 38개체 /㎡(4.7%)로서 가장 출현율이 낮았다. 전체 평균 수준에서의 제1우점종은 Ecdyomurus levis Navas였으며, 우점도지수는 0.3이었다. 각 지점별 우점종을 보면 제1지점부터 제5지점까지는 Ecdyomurus levis Navas이였고, 제6지점과 제7지점은 Hirudinidae sp.1이었다. 그리고, 전체 평균 수준에서의 다양도지수는 2.66이었다. 조사지점별 평균 다양도 지수를 보면 제4지점이 가장 높았으며(H'=3.47), 다음은 제2지점, 1지점, 3지점, 5지점, 6지점, 7지점의 순이었다. 생물학적 지표종을 중심으로한 수질평가에 의하면, 밀양강 전체의 평균은 군오염지수(GPI) 1,49로서 ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic의 II급수로 평가되었다. 각 지점별로는 제3지점의 경우 Oligosaprobic의 I급수로서 가장 양호한 수질이었고, 제1지점과, 제2지점, 제4지점, 제5지점은 ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic의 II급수로, 제6지점은 ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic의 III급수로 평가되었다. 그리고, 제7지점은 ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic의 III급수로서 가장 수질이 불량한 것으로 평가되었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2022

Objective: Sarcoplasmic proteins include proteins that play critical roles in biological processes of living organisms. How seasons influence biological processes and meat quality of postmortem muscles through the regulation of protein phosphorylation remain to be investigated. In this study, the phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic proteins in pork longissimus muscle was investigated in four seasons. Methods: Sarcoplasmic proteins were extracted from 40 pork carcasses (10 for each season) and analyzed through ProQ Diamond staining for phosphorylation labeling and Sypro Ruby staining for total protein labeling. The pH of muscle, contents of glycogen and ATP were measured at 45 min, 3 h, and 9 h postmortem and the water (P_2b, P₂₁, and P₂₂) was measured at 3 h and 9 h. Results: A total of 21 bands were detected. Band 8 (heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B) had higher phosphorylation level in summer than that in other seasons at 45 min postmortem. The phosphorylation levels of 3 Bands were significantly different between fast and normal pH decline groups (p<0.05). The phosphorylation levels of 4 bands showed negative associations with immobilized water (P₂₁) and positive association with free water (P₂₂). Conclusion: The phosphorylation levels of sarcoplasmic proteins involved in energy metabolism and heat stress response at early postmortem time differed depending on the seasons. These proteins include heat shock protein 70, pyruvate kinase, phosphoglucomutase-1, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and carbonic anhydrase 3. High temperatures in summer might result in the phosphorylation of those proteins, leading to pH decline and low water holding capacity.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

This study investigates the relation between the location of a habitat and the ecological connections according to the habitat type in the riparian zone at the Nonsan Stream and Yanghwa Stream. Stream habitat is classified into nine types for the aquatic insects and fish. For vegetation and birds, habitat is classified into two types of medium-scale streams, including both physical and chemical streams are analyzed accordingly. Nowadays, The fundamental goal of the river environment restoration enterprise is the rehabilitation or the restoration of the characteristic the river scenic or environment. For instance, The Channel habitats which has physical nature environment such as flat, speedy rapids, or closed-channel wetland, pool are constructed by artificial, Consequently, make them autogenesis smoothy eco-environment. However, the river environment are controlled not only physical environment, but it also need reasonable the quality of the water to compose smoothly. Finally, understanding what influence are effecting on physical habitat environment which are made by natural factors to water quality are very important factor for the river environment restoration enterprise Therefore, In this research, we are targeting to a basin to investigate the environment of the physical channel habitat and evaluate the changing of the water quality. This results will be a important characteristic that can judge the physical habitat and reciprocality connected to the water quality or adequacy of restoration technology. Therefore in this study, as a step to quantify functions and values of habitats and definite factors to perform habitat, we selected a representative stream of sand-stream, gravel-stream to classify habitat characteristics and quantified the physical, chemical, biological characteristics.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1982

A study on the water pollution of Gumho river by the relationship between physio-chemical conditions and water quality level by phytoplankton was examined at 6 sampling positions during the period from April 21 to August 11, 1982. Examination of physio-chemical water analysis such as temperature, pH, DO, BOD and biological analysis has shown 1. The average for Gumho river was 6.2 - 7.2 of pH, 2.6 - 9.4 mg/l of DO, 28.8 - 122.4 mg/l of BOD. 2. The phytoplankton identification in this survey period showed, Cyanophyceae is 7 genera 13 species, Bacillariophyceae 11 genera 32 species and Chlorophyceae 17 genera 27 species. 3. The results of biological water analysis were as follows: Banyawol was from oligosaprobic to $\beta$-mesosaprobic. Dongchon and Gumdan was from $\alpha$-mesosaprobic to $\beta$-mesosaprobic, 3rd gongdan was from oemesosaprobic to $\beta$-polysaprobic, Paldal was $\beta$-polysaprobic and Gangchang was repolysaprobic. 4. To appear dominant algae there were Microcycstis, Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Melosira, Nitzschia and Synedra.