• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2018

Molecular and functional characterization of proteins and their levels is of great interest in understanding the mechanism of diverse cellular processes. In this study, we report on the convenient Escherichia coli-based protein expression system that allows recombinant of soluble proteins expression and cytosolic domain of membrane-localised kinases, followed by the detection of autophosphorylation activity in protein kinases. This approach is applied to regulatory proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, including 14-3-3, calmodulin, calcium-dependent protein kinase, TERMINAL FLOWER 1(TFL1), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase and cytoplasmic domain of leucine-rich repeat-receptor like kinase proteins. Our Western blot analysis which uses phospho-specific antibodies showed that five putative LRR-RLKs and two putative RLCKs have autophosphorylation activity in vitro on threonine and/or tyrosine residue(s), suggesting their potential role in signal transduction pathways. Our findings were also discussed in the broader context of recombinant expression and biochemical analysis of soluble and membrane-localised receptor kinases in microbial systems.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2002

A photo-labile compound which is bioinactive but, upon irradiation with light, yields bioactive species is called as "caged compound". Photolysis of caged compounds generating bioactive species, has become a general method to produce a desired amounts of bioactive species in the specific time interval at the desired place or area of the target biological systems. For this purpose, we designed and synthesized caged hydroxyl radical., "Photo-Fenton Reagent" NP-IIl. NP-IIl has a strong absorption maximum at 377 nm and yields hydroxyl radicals upon UV light irradiation. The antioxidant activity of the ${\alpha}$ -lipoic acid and other naturally occurring compounds has been examined by using NP-IIl as a molecular probe. For example, upon photoirradiation of NP-lII with BSA or apolipoprotein of human low density (LDL), the significant oxidative modifications were observed in both cases. The oxidation was completely suppressed in the presence of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, which clearly demonstrates the strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid. Other applications of NP-lII will also be described

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.197-200
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• 2007

Advanced control is getting increasingly demanded in water and wastewater treatment systems. Various case studies have shown significant savings in operating costs, including energy costs, and remarkably short payback times. It has been demonstrated that instrumentation, control and automation (ICA) may increase the capacity of biological nutrient removing wastewater treatment plants by 10-30% today. With further understanding and exploitation of the mechanisms involved in biological nutrient removal the improvements due to ICA may reach another 20-50% of the total system investments within the next 10-20 years. Disturbances are the reason for control of any system. In a wastewater treatment system they are mostly related to the load variations, but many disturbances are created also within the plant. In water supply systems some of the major disturbances are related the customer demand as well as to leakages or bursts in the pipelines or the distribution networks. Hardly any system operates in steady state but is more or less in a transient state all the time. Water and energy are closely related. The role of energy in water and wastewater operations is discussed. With increasing energy costs and the threatening climate changes this issue will grow in importance.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.82-85
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• 2005

Doxorubicin is a highly-valuable anthracycline-family polyketide drug with a very potent anticancer activity, typically produced by a Gram-positive soil bacterium called Streptomyces peucetius. Thanks to the recent development of Streptomyces genomics-based technologies, the random mutagenesis approach for Streptomyces strain improvement has been switched toward the genomics-based technologies including the application of DNA microarray systems. In order to identify and characterize the genomics-driven potential target genes critical for doxorubincin overproduction, three different types of doxorubicin overproducing strains, a dnrI(doxorubicin-specific positive regulatory gene)-overexpressor, a doxA (gene involved in the conversion from daunorubicin to doxorubicin)-overexpressor, and a recursively-mutated industrial strain, were generated and examined their genomic transcription profiles using Streptomyces DNA microarray systems. The DNA microarray results revealed several potential target genes in S. peucetius genome, whose expressions were significantly either up- or down-regulated comparing with the wild-type strain. A systematic understanding of doxorubicin overproduction at the genomic level presented in this research should lead us a rational design of molecular genetic strain improvement strategy.

• 진공이야기
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2018

Phase transition is not unique to solid state systems or homogeneous molecular systems but it is also observed in highly heterogeneous biological systems. Phase transition and phase separation in cells are recently being found to be central to many biological functions by temporarily and locally controlling the storage and exchange of certain proteins and RNAs. There are also clues suggesting them to be playing pivotal roles in the spatial organization of chromosomes into topological domains and its time-dependent control. Here we introduce early efforts to explain at the molecular level how the spatiotemporal organization of chromosomes are programmed and modulated by the sequence and chemical modifications of the DNA. Continuing works may provide a physical framework to understand the molecular level control of chromosome structure and dynamics that determine the epigenetic state and the fate of the cells.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2021

Traditional epidemiological studies have identified a number of risk factors for various diseases using regression-based methods that examine the association between an exposure and an outcome (i.e., one-to-one correspondences). One of the major limitations of this approach is the "black-box" aspect of the analysis, in the sense that this approach cannot fully explain complex relationships such as biological pathways. With high-throughput data in current epidemiology, comprehensive analyses are needed. The network approach can help to integrate multi-omics data, visualize their interactions or relationships, and make inferences in the context of biological mechanisms. This review aims to introduce network analysis for systems epidemiology, its procedures, and how to interpret its findings.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.99-102
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• 2005

Organic solvents are widely used in biotransformation systems. There are many efforts to reduce the consumption of organic solvents because of their toxicity to the environment and human health. In recent years, several groups have started to explore novel organic solvents called room temperature ionic liquids in order to substitute conventional organic solvents. In this work, lipase-catalyzed transesterification in several uni- and bi-phasic systems was studied. Two representative hydrophobic ionic liquids based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolum coupled with hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][$PF_6$]) and bis[{trifluoromethylsulfonyl} imide] ([BMIM] [$Tf_{2}N$]) were employed as reaction media for the transesterification of n-butanol. The commercial lipase, Novozym 435, was used for the transesterification reaction with vinyl acetate as an acyl donor. The conversion yield was increased around $10\%$ in a water/[BMIM][$Tf_{2}N$] bi-phasic system compared with that in a water/hexane system. A higher distribution of substrates into the water phase is believed to enhance the conversion yield in a water/[BMIM][$Tf_{2}N$] system. Partition coefficients of the substrates in the water/[BMIM][$Tf_{2}N$] bi-phasic system were higher than three times that found in the water/hexane system, while n-butyl acetate showed a similar distribution in both systems. Thus, RTILs appear to be a promising substitute of organic solvents in some biotransformation systems.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2012

Synthetic plastics are important in many branches of industry. Although synthetic plastics provide numerous benefits, they also cause a significant environmental pollution problem because of their non-readily-biodegradability. Biodegradation may provide solution to the problem, but not enough is known about the biodegradation mechanisms of synthetic plastics. This review has been written to provide an overview of the current state of synthetic plastics (polyethylene, polyurethane, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol) biodegradation. Several biodegradation mechanisms of a few selected synthetic plastics are also presented.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2008

Menadione induced cell death in cultured C2 myoblasts. By screening synthetic peptide libraries composed of random sequence of hexapeptides, we identified the hexa-peptides pool of(Ala/Ile)-(Ile/Met)-Val-Ile-Asp-(Met/Ser)-$NH_2$ that protected the myoblasts against menadioneinduced cell death. Pre-incubation with the hexapeptide pool reduced the number of cells detached from culture dish substrate and increased the ratio of relative viability against menadione. In addition, the peptides strongly increased the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein. These results suggest that the hexapeptides might enhance the resistance to cell death against menadione by increasing the expression of Bcl-2.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

Biofiltration is a biological process which is considered to be one of the more successful examples of biotechnological applications to environmental engineering, and is most commonly used in the removal of odoriferous compounds. In this study, we have attempted to assess the efficiency with which both single and complex odoriferous compounds could be removed, using one- or two-stage biofiltration systems. The complex gas removal scheme was applied with a 200 ppm inlet concentration of ethanol, 70 ppm of acetaldehyde, and 70 ppm of toluene with EBCT for 45 seconds in a one- or two-stage biofiltration system. The removal yield of toluene was determined to be lower than that of the other gases in the one-stage biofilter. Otherwise, the complex gases were sufficiently eliminated by the two-stage biofiltration system.