• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2018

Improper management and unsanitary approaches are implemented in disposal of leachate, which has resulted in groundwater pollution at village Uruli Devachi, Pune, India. Various physico-chemical treatment methods are commercially available for leachate treatment. However, the application of biological methods viz. phytoremediation to the municipal solid waste landfill leachate has been limited. We report the remediation ability of Typha aungstifolia and Acrorus calamus that is capable of reducing hazardous constituents from the landfill leachate. After 96 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT), it was observed that T. aungstifolia-treated sample showed high reduction potential in reducing biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, hardness, total dissolved solids, Na, Mg, Ca and Ni whereas A. calamus showed greater reduction capacity for alkalinity, Cl, Cu, Zn and Cr. Furthermore, it was also observed that T. aungstifolia withstood longer HRT than A. calamus. In situ application of T. aungstifolia and A. calamus for remediation of landfill leachate carries a tremendous potential that needs to be further explored.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2007

국내의 평균적인 토양오염도는 매년 증가하고 있으며, 오염물질의 지속성 및 잔류성이 큰 토양오염의 특성상 이를 복원하기 위해서는 막대한 비용이 소모될 것으로 추정된다. 우리나라에서는 토양 오염에 대한 사회적 관심이 증가함에 따라 1990년대 중반부터 토양 환경 관리와 복원을 위해 정책적으로 복원 기술의 개발과 오염토양 복원 사업을 추진하고 있다. 오염토양 복원 기술은 처리 위치별로 원위치 기술과 비원위치 기술로 나뉘며, 오염원의 제거방법에 따라 생물학적, 물리화학적, 열적 기술로 분류할 수 있다. 국내에서는 군부대 및 철도청 부지, 소규모의 유류 오염 지역에 대해 복원 사업을 실시한 사례가 대부분이며 석유화학 단지내의 오염 등은 회사 자체에서 내부적으로 처리하고 있어 일반에 공개되지는 않고 있지만 그 규모는 상당한 것으로 추산되고 있다. 대부분의 복원사업에는 가장 경제성이 입증된 토양증기추출법, 생물학적 통풍법과 같은 원위치 정화기술이 사용되었다. 최근에는 첨단 기술을 도입하여 환경친화적 토양 복원 기술을 개발하려는 연구가 진행 중이며, 이러한 연구의 예로서 나노 기술과 분자 생물학적 기법을 이용한 복원 기술 개발, 개별 기술의 한계를 극복하기 위한 통합기술 개발 등이 있다. 효율적인 오염토양의 복원을 위해서는 오염물질과 오염부지의 특성을 고려하여 연구 대상 기술의 현장 적용성을 높여야 하며, 무엇보다 토양에 대한 인식 변화와 환경 개선을 위한 지속적인 노력이 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.104-114
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• 2021

Petroleum-contaminated soil is considered among the most important potential anthropogenic atmospheric methane sources. Additionally, various rhizoremediation factors can affect methane emissions by altering soil ecosystem carbon cycles. Nonetheless, greenhouse gas emissions from soil have not been given due importance as a potentially relevant parameter in rhizoremediation techniques. Therefore, in this study we sought to investigate the effects of different plant and soil amendments on both remediation efficiencies and methane emission characteristics in diesel-contaminated soil. An indoor pot experiment consisting of three plant treatments (control, maize, tall fescue) and two soil amendments (chemical nutrient, compost) was performed for 95 days. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency, dehydrogenase activity, and alkB (i.e., an alkane compound-degrading enzyme) gene abundance were the highest in the tall fescue and maize soil system amended with compost. Compost addition enhanced both the overall remediation efficiencies, as well as pmoA (i.e., a methane-oxidizing enzyme) gene abundance in soils. Moreover, the potential methane emission of diesel-contaminated soil was relatively low when maize was introduced to the soil system. After microbial community analysis, various TPH-degrading microorganisms (Nocardioides, Marinobacter, Immitisolibacter, Acinetobacter, Kocuria, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Alcanivorax) and methane-oxidizing microorganisms (Methylocapsa, Methylosarcina) were observed in the rhizosphere soil. The effects of major rhizoremediation factors on soil remediation efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions discussed herein are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable biological remediation technologies in response to global climate change.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2004

The combination of biological and physical/chemical technologies is a promising technique to reduce highly concentrated pollutants in livestock wastewater. It is suggested to treat livestock wastewater efficiently as follows: firstly, biodegradable organic matters, nitrogen and some of phosphorus should be removed by a biological treatment process and then residual non-biodegradable organic matters, color and phosphorus be eliminated by physicochemical technologies. In this study, therefore, the integrations of chemical coagulation, activated carbon adsorption, Fenton oxidation and ozonation were evaluated to provide appropriate post-treatment processes for biologically pre-treated livestock wastewater. After chemical coagulation followed by ozonation or Fenton oxidation process, the quality of treated wastewater could meet the discharge limit in Korea. However, a yellowish brown color still remained in the treated wastewater after a single method such as coagulation and Fenton oxidation was applied. The ozonation was found to be the most effective technology for the decolorization. Neither simple biological nor physicochemical treatment provides adequate decolorization and sufficient depletion of organics in livestock wastewater so far. Consequently, the integration of Fenton oxidation and ozonation with a biological treatment process is recommended to treat livestock wastewater in terms of removal efficiency.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자원환경지질학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.66-68
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• 2003

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrophobic and most are practically insoluble in water contributing to their persistence in the environment. In addition, most exist in strongly adsorbed forms when they are introduced into the soils. Their removal efficiency can be limited in low mass transfer phases, such as PAHs-contaminated soils, because most chemical and biological remediation technologies require transfer from NAPs (Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids) into the mobile phase. (omitted)

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Passive treatment systems are commonly used for remediation of mine drainage waters because they do not require continuous chemical inputs and operation. In this study, the selection and design criteria for such systems were evaluated, particularly the two most commonly used ones, i.e., permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) and vertical flow biological reactors (VFBRs). PRBs and VFBRs are operated on the same principles in terms of biochemical reaction mechanisms, whereas differences relate to configuration, engineering, and water management. In this study, each of these systems were described with respect to key design variables, such as metal removal mechanisms and removal rates, effectiveness and longevity, general design and construction, flow capacity, and cost. The information provided from this study could be used as a design guideline when a passive treatment option is considered for potential remediation of a mine site.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.21-33
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 혐기성 발효조건에서 오니슬러지의 전처리에 대한 영향과 수소생산 잠새성을 평가하기 위하여 회분식 반응기를 이용하여 $35^{\circ}C$에서 혐기성 미생물을 이용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 다양한 전처리 조건의 오니슬러지를 유기원으로 이용하기 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 물리, 화학, 생물학적 오니 슬러지 가용화를 위한 전처리 기술을 개발하였으며, 실험결과 알칼리 및 기계적전처리를 통하여 원수의 상등수의 SCODcr 대비 약 15배 및 12배의 증가율을 보였으며, 이를 다시 생물학적 전처리 방법인 가수분해를 실시할 경우 다시 2배의 증가율을 보여 화학적 전처리와 생물학적 전처리를 연계할 경우가 가장 효과적인 공정임을 확인하였다. 또한 오니슬러지를 기질로 이용하여 생물학적 수소생산의 잠재성을 확인하기 위하여 전처리된 슬러지를 대상으로 수소 생산 여부를 회분식으로 실시한 결과, 완충용액을 첨가한 경우가 완충용액을 첨가하지 알은 경우에 비하여 다양한 전처리 조건에서 수소생산이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1237-1241
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• 2012

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural field has been a critical issue in worldwide. For this reason, remediation technologies for heavy metal polluted soil are applied especially near at the abandoned metal mine. Soil quality analysis is also an important factor for proper management in heavy metal polluted agricultural field. In this study, scoring function was utilized to evaluate soil quality in heavy metal polluted agricultural field. Among other soil properties, bulk density, soil pH, EC, $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined for minimum data set (MDS) with principal component analysis. Result showed that both upland and paddy soil contaminated with heavy metal were not suitable for crop growth except scoring of soil pH for paddy soil and CEC for upland soil. This result might indicate that chemical stabilization technology with chemical amendment could be adapted for remediation method for heavy metal polluted agiclutural field not only for heavy metal immobilization but also enhancement of soil condition for crop growth.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.25-39
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• 2003

Risk and exposure assessment for subsurface environment is very important for both aspects of health and environmental protection as well as making decision of remedial goal for engineering activities. Exposure due to hazardous chemicals in the subsurface environment is essential to assess risk lev121 to individual person, especially from soil and groundwater environmental media. In this paper, the status of soil and groundwater contamination is presented to discuss on the problem for environmental risk assessment. The methodologies of fate and exposure models are also discussed by conducting the case studies of exposure assessment for heavy metals, organic compounds, and dioxin compounds. In addition, the structure of exposure models and available data for model calculation are examined to make clear more realistic exposure scenarios and the application to the practical environmental issues. Three kinds of advanced remediation techniques for soil and groundwater contamination are described in this paper, The most practical method for VOCs is the bio-remediation technique in which biological process due to consortium of microorganisms can be applied. For more effective remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals we have adopted the soil flushing technique and clean-up system using electro-kinetic method. We have also developed the advanced techniques of geo-melting method for soil contaminated by DXNs and PCB compounds. These techniques are planed to introduce and to apply for a lot of contaminated sites in Japan.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.87-87
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• 2004