• 월간산업보건
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• 통권127호
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• pp.4-9
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• 1998

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 1995

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2015

최근 들어, 웹 서비스와 연동을 통해 생체정보 모니터링 서비스를 제공하기 위한 다양한 연구가 시도되고 있다. 의료정보전송 표준인 ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD에서는 ISO/IEEE 11073 에이전트와 ISO/IEEE 11073 매니저간의 생체정보 교환을 위해 비 IP (No-Internet Protocol) 기반의 최적화된 교환 프로토콜인 ISO/IEEE 11073-20601을 정의하고 있다. 이러한 ISO/IEEE 11073-20601을 이용한 비IP 기반의 시스템 구조는 사물인터넷 기반의 원격 생체정보 모니터링 서비스를 제공하는 데 적합하지 않다. 왜냐하면, 사물인터넷 기반 U-헬스케어 서비스에서 원격지의 IP가 탑재된 생체정보 측정 장치들을 관리 및 제어할 수 있는 기능을 지원하기 어렵기 때문이다. 게다가, ISO/IEEE 11073-20601에서 정의하고 있는 ACSE와 CMDISE는 구조적인 복잡도로 인해 구현하기 어렵고 복잡하기 때문에 사물인터넷 기반의 U-헬스케어 서비스를 제공하는데 적합하지 않다. 이러한 기존의 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 사물인터넷 기반의 생체정보 모니터링 서비스를 제공하기 위한 사물인터넷의 ISO/IEEE 11073 DIM/REST 기반 생체정보 모니터링 구조를 제안한다. 이를 위해 사물인터넷 기반 생체정보 모니터링 시스템 구조를 설계하였고, ISO/IEEE 11073 에이전트와 ISO/IEEE 11073 매니저간의 ISO/IEEE 11073 DIM/REST 기반의 메시지 교환 프로토콜을 설계하였다. 제안된 시스템 구조의 실현 가능성을 검증하기 위해 서비스 프로토타입을 구현하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2011

Objectives: In this study, we summarized the External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) for the biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toxic chemicals which started in 1995 and continued until a $31^{st}$ round robin in the spring of 2010. The program was performed twice per year until 2009, and this was changed to once a year since 2010. The objective of the program is to ensure the reliability of the data related to biological monitoring from analytical laboratories. Methods: One hundred and eighteen laboratories participated in the $31^{st}$ round robin. The program offers 5 items for inorganic analysis: lead in blood, cadmium in blood, manganese in blood, cadmium in urine, and mercury in urine. It also offers 10 items for organic analysis, including hippuric acid, methylhippuric acid, mandelic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, N-methylformamide, N-methylacetamide, trichloroacetic acid, total trichloro-compounds, trans,trans-muconic acid, and 2,5-hexanedione in urine. Target values were determined by statistical analysis using consensus values. All the data, such as chromatograms and calibration curves, were reviewed by the committee. Results: The proficiency rate was below 70% prior to the first round robin and improved to over 90% for common items, such as PbB and HA, while those for other items still remained in the range of 60-90% and need to be improved up to 90%. Conclusion: The EQAS has taken a primary role in improving the reliability of analytical data. A total quality assurance scheme is suggested, including the validation of technical documentation for the whole analytical procedure.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2001

In this paper, we present an intensive patient monitoring service through the Internet, which enables medical doctors to watch their patients in a remote site, to monitor their vital signs and to give them some advices for first-aid treatment. The service consists of three service objects: Monitoring Information Service(MIS), Vital Sign Monitoring Service(VSMS) and Multimedia Consulting (MCS). Through the MIS, medical doctors can get information about the patients currently under monitoring, including their names, ages, genders, symptoms, current main complaints and current locations. The VSMS enables medical doctors to monitor in real-time patients' vital signs such as electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, temperature, blood oxygen saturation (SpO$_{2}$), invasive blood pressure (IBP), and non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP). It also generates alarms when the patients are likely to be in a critical situation. The MCS provides a real-time multimedia desktop conferencing facility for watching patients and instructing attendants to administer some first-aid treatment. We carried out some experiments according to two different scenarios. The intensive patient monitoring service was functioning well in a 100Base-T Ethernet LAN environment.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2013

The possibility of acute hepatotoxicity caused by dimethylformamide (DMF) requires regular monitoring of the workers who are using DMF to prevent the occupational disease. The authors performed ambient and biological monitoring of workers involved in synthetic leather manufacturing processes using DMF to assess the correlation between the markers of ambient and biological monitoring of DMF. The authors monitored 142 workers occupationally exposed to DMF from 19 workshops in the synthetic leather and ink manufacturing industries located in northern region of Gyeonggi-do. The subjects answered questionnaire on work procedure and use of personal protective equipment to be classified by exposure type. DMF in air samples collected using personal air samplers, diffusive and active sampler, was analysed using gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) with DB-FFAP column (length 30 m, i.d. 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 ${\mu}m$). Urinary N-methylformamide (NMF) was analysed using gas chromatograph-mass selective detector (GC-MSD) at selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode with DB-624 column (length 60 m, i.d. 0.25 mm, film thickness 1.40 ${\mu}m$). Geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of the ambient DMF was $6.85{\pm}3.43$ ppm, and GM and GSD of urinary NMF was $42.3{\pm}2.7$ mg/L. The ratio of subjects with DMF level over 10 ppm was 44%, and those with urinary NMF over 15 mg/L was 87%. NMF in urine adjusted by DMF in air was $4.61{\pm}2.57$ mg/L/ppm and $9.50{\pm}2.41$ mg/L/ppm, respectively, with or without respirator. There was seasonal differences of NMF in urine adjusted by DMF in air, $7.63{\pm}2.74$ mg/L/ppm in summer and $4.53{\pm}2.29$ mg/L/ppm in winter. The urinary NMF concentration which corresponds to 10 ppm of ambient DMF was 52.7 mg/L (r=0.650, n=128). Considering the difference of the route of exposure which resulted from the compliance of wearing personal protective equipment, the estimated contribution of respiratory and dermal exposure route for DMF was 48.5% vs. 51.5%.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.100-115
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• 2009

Secondhand smoke (SHS) is one of major public health threats. Since secondhand smoke is complex mixture of toxic chemicals, there has been no standardized method to measure SHS quantitatively. The purpose of this manuscript was to review various quantitative methods to measure SHS. There are two different methods: air monitoring and biological monitoring. Air monitoring methods include exhaled carbon monoxide level, ambient fine particulates, nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine. Measurement of fine particulates has been utilized due to presence of real-time monitor, while fine particulates can have multiple indoor sources other than SHS. Ambient nicotine and 3-EP are more specific to SHS, although there is no real-time monitor for these chemicals. Biological monitoring methods include nicotine in hair, cotinine in urine, NNK in urine and DNA adducts. Nicotine in hair can provide chronic internal dose, while cotinine in urine can provide acute dose. Since biological monitoring can provide total internal dose, identification of specific exposure source may be difficult. NNK in urine can indicate carcinogenicity of the SHS exposure. DNA adducts can provide overall cancer causing exposure, but not specific to SHS. While there are many quantitative methods to measure SHS, selection of appropriate method should be based on purposes of assessment. Application of accurate and appropriate exposure assessment method is important for understanding health effects and establishing appropriate control measures.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2023

Environmental crises caused by climate change and human-induced disturbances have become urgent challenges to the sustainability of human beings. These issues can be addressed based on a data-driven understanding and forecasting of ecosystem responses to environmental changes. In this study, we introduce a long-term ecological monitoring system in Korean Long-Term Ecological Research (KLTER), and a plan for the Korean Ecological Observatory Network (KEON). KLTER has been conducted since 2004 and has yielded valuable scientific results. However, the KLTER approach has limitations in data integration and coordinated observations. To overcome these limitations, we developed a KEON plan focused on multidisciplinary monitoring of the physiochemical, meteorological, and biological components of ecosystems to deepen process-based understanding of ecosystem functions and detect changes. KEON aims to answer nationwide and long-term ecological questions by using a standardized monitoring approach. We are preparing three types of observatories: two supersites depending on the climate-vegetation zones, three local sites depending on the ecosystem types, and two mobile deployment platforms to act on urgent ecological issues. The main observation topics were species diversity, population dynamics, biogeochemistry (carbon, methane, and water cycles), phenology, and remote sensing. We believe that KEON can address environmental challenges and play an important role in ecological observations through partnerships with international observatories.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2010

A vast increase of antibiotics usage in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) over the last few decades has led to an environmental risk due to the presence of antibiotic residuals in different environmental compartments. Especially in Korea, the use of antibiotics in CAFOs is much greater than in other developed countries. One of the primary adverse impacts of antibiotic residuals in the environment is that they readily produce antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), which exert detrimental effects on the ecosystem as well as human health. In this article, the impacts of veterinary antibiotic residuals with regard to their quantification and management, and desirable remediation technologies have been widely reviewed. This review article concluded that the continuous monitoring should be required to ensure the safety of antibiotic residuals in the surrounding environments. Furthermore, the management guidelines of antibiotic residuals need to be developed in the future.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.248-252
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• 2010

This study presented a development of a phototactic apparatus for pest monitoring. We carried out behavioral experiment against various pest species by using the phototactic chamber. Consequently, the phototactic apparatus was confirmed suitable result of behavioral experiment. Therefore, we believed that the test apparatus help to understand the phototactic responses of various pests.