• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenoside-Rg3, the pharmacologically active component of red ginseng, has been found to inhibit tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in various cancer models. Previously, we found that 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (Rg3) could inhibit angiogenesis. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to affect many biological processes, they might play an important role in ginsenoside-mediated angiomodulation. Methods: In this study, we examined the underlying mechanisms of Rg3-induced angiosuppression through modulating the miRNA expression. In the miRNA-expression profiling analysis, six miRNAs and three miRNAs were found to be up- or down-regulated in vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-induced human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after Rg3 treatment, respectively. Results: A computational prediction suggested that mature hsa-miR-520h (miR-520h) targets ephrin receptor (Eph) B2 and EphB4, and hence, affecting angiogenesis. The up-regulation of miR-520h after Rg3 treatment was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein expressions of EphB2 and EphB4 were found to decrease, respectively. The mimics and inhibitors of miR- 520h were transfected into HUVECs and injected into zebra-fish embryos. The results showed that overexpression of miR-520h could significantly suppress the EphB2 and EphB4 protein expression, proliferation, and tubulogenesis of HUVECs, and the subintestinal-vessel formation of the zebra fish. Conclusion: These results might provide further information on the mechanism of Rg3-induced angiosuppression and the involvement of miRNAs in angiogenesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.807-812
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• 2014

Background: The clinical course of the neoplasm may vary due to both patient and tumor cell characteristics. Aim: The aim of this study was to research the influence of certain clinical and pathological features on the prognosis of early stage breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This study included 117 women that were treated and followed-up in between the years 2001-2011. The demographic, clinical and histopathological features of the cases were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analysis: In categorical comparisons between groups, cross-tab statistics were provided and significance levels were estimated using chi-square test. Cox regression analysis, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, and the Kaplan-Meier test were also used. Results: With an average of 35-months follow-up, the mean disease-free survival of patients was 91 months and the mean overall survival time was 132 months. In the whole study group, the disease-free survival rates were 88, 84, 83 and 52%, while the overall survival rates 95, 94, 83, and 83% within the first, third, fifth and tenth years, respectively. The disease-free and overall survival rates were decreased with increasing tumor grades, though this was not statistically significant. The presence of lymphovascular invasion, positive staining with Ki67 and postmenopausal status were associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival times. In multivariate analysis, only age and Her2/neu receptor status influenced the prognosis significantly. Conclusions: In parallel to clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical prognostic features in breast cancer, in this study positive Her2/neu receptor status, a previously accepted poor prognostic factor, was found to have positive influence after trastuzumab treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5301-5310
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• 2013

The biological mechanisms of cancer and associations with behavior of tumours need to be studied to understand progression and determine appropriate treatments. Here we investigated expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and E-cadherin in laryngeal SCCs and their relations with clinical behavior. This prospective study was based on 38 surgical specimens from patients with primary laryngeal SCC and data recorded in their cards. Expression of the three factors in tumor tissue was examined using immunohistochemistry and correlations with clinical parameters of primary tumors, regional lymph node metastases, stage of disease, histopathologic differentiation, and vascular/cartilage invasion were investigated. Regarding the cases with positive MMP-9 expression, the difference between well and moderately/poorly differentiated tumors was statistically significant. However, differences between early stage (stage I and II) and late-stage (stage III and IV) tumours, and between positive and negative for pLN metastasis were not. No significant relationship between positive VEGF and tumor differentiation or stage was apparent, but E-cadherin levels significantly differed between well and moderately/poorly differentiated tumours and with the presence of pLN metastasis. E-cadherin staining did not vary between MMP-9 positive and negative cases. In conclusion, MMP-9 may be a negative predictor of differentiation in laryngeal SCC, while E-cadherin is a predictor of differentiation and nodal metastases. Even if the difference between VEGF expression and tumor stage was not statistically significant, it seems that there exists some relationship, which might be clarified with a greater number of cases.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.249-254
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• 1997

ABA-type block copolymers composed of poly(L-leucine)(PLL) as the A component and poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) as the B component were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of L-leucine N-carboxyanhydride initiated by primary amino group located at both ends of PEG chain. A silver sulfadiazine(AgSD)-impregnated wound dressing of sponge-type was prepared by the lyophilization method. Morphological structure of this wound dressing obtained by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was composed of a dense skin layer and a macroporous inner sponge layer. Equilibrium water content(EWC) of wound dressing was above 10%. It increased with an increased of PEO content in the block copolymer due to the hydrophilicity of PEO. AgSD release from AgSD- impregnated wound dressing in PBS buffer(pH=7.4) was dependent on PEG composition in the block copolymer. Therefore, EWC and release of AgSD can be control by PEG composition. Antibacterial capacity of AgSD-impregnated wound dressing was examined in agar plate against Pseudmonas aeruginosa and Stapplococus aruous. Cytotoxicity of the wound dressing was evaluated by studing mouse skin fibroblast(L929). From the behavior of antimicrobial releasing and the investigation of the suppression of bacterial proliferation, it was supposed that the wound dressing containing antibiotics could protect the wound surfaces from bacterial invasion to suppress the bacterial proliferation effectively. In cytotoxicity observation, cellular damage was reduced by the control led released of AgSD from the LEL sponge matrix of AgSD-medicated wound dressing. In vivo test, granulous tissue formation and wound contraction or the AgSD and DHEA impregnated wound dressing were aster than any other groups.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.33-55
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• 2018

생물다양성 감소의 가장 주요한 원인으로 외래생물의 유입이 지적되고 있으며, 특히 침입외래종으로 인한 서식지 파괴, 경제적 손실, 인체 피해 등이 가속화되고 있다. 국내에 유입된 외래생물은 2167종으로 생태계위해성평가를 통해 위해성이 높은 꽃매미(Lycorma delicatula), 붉은불개미(Solenopsis invicta), 뉴트리아(Myocastor coypus), 갯줄풀(Spartina alterniflora) 등 21종이 생태계교란 생물로 지정되어 있다. 국내에 유입될 경우 생태계에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 위해우려종은 생태계위해성심사를 통해 127종이 지정되어 있다. 이처럼 외래생물을 목록화하여 유입을 사전에 예방하고, 유입된 외래생물에 대한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 생물다양성 보전 및 이용에 관한 법률이라는 국가차원의 관리제도가 마련되었으나, 위험도에 따른 체계적인 관리체계 구축이 부족한 실정이며, 위해성 예측시 평가기준 및 분류군별 생태적 특성을 반영한 위해성평가표가 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

Collective cell migration is a fundamental phenomenon observed in various biological processes such as development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. During the collective migration, cells undergo changes in their phenotypes from those of stable to the migratory state via the process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent findings in biology and biochemistry have shown that EMT is closely related to the cancer invasion or metastasis, but not much of the correlations in kinematics and physical forces between the neighboring cells are known yet. In this study, we aim to understand the cell migration and stress distribution within the expanding cell cluster. We constructed the in vitro cell cluster on the hydrogel, employed traction force microscopy (TFM) and monolayer stress microscopy (MSM) to visualize the physical forces within the expanding cell monolayer. During the expansion, cells at the cluster edge exhibited enhanced motility and developed focal adhesions that are the essential features of EMT while cells at the core of the cluster maintained the epithelial characteristics. In the aspect of mechanical stress, the cluster edge had the highest traction force of ~90 Pa directed toward the cluster core, which means that cells at the edge actively pull the substrate to make the cluster expansion. The cluster core of the tightly confined cells by neighboring cells had a lower traction force value (~60 Pa) but the highest intercellular normal stress of ~800 Pa because of the accumulation of traction from the edge of the monolayer.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.585-591
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• 2014

The ${\beta}_2$ adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is a G protein-coupled transmembrane receptor expressed in the human respiratory tract and widely recognized as a pharmacological target for treatments of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Although a number of ADRB2 agonists have been developed for use in asthma therapy, indacaterol is the only ultra-long-acting inhaled ${\beta}_2$-agonist (LABA) approved by the FDA for relieving the symptoms in COPD patients. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological effect of indacaterol, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that ${\beta}$-arrestin-2 mediates the internalization of ADRB2 following indacaterol treatment. Moreover, we demonstrate that indacaterol significantly inhibits tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activity by reducing levels of both phosphorylated-IKK and -$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, thereby decreasing NF-${\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation and the expression of MMP-9, an NF-${\kappa}B$ target gene. Subsequently, we show that indacaterol significantly inhibits TNF-${\alpha}$/NF-${\kappa}B$-induced cell invasiveness and migration in a human cancer cell line. In conclusion, we propose that indacaterol may inhibit NF-${\kappa}B$ activity in a ${\beta}$-arrestin2-dependent manner, preventing further lung damage and improving lung function in COPD patients.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2011

저속촬영이 가능한 현미경을 통해 얻어진 세포동영상에서 세포활동의 추적 및 분석은 종양의 전이, 바이러스의 침입, 상처회복, 세포분열과 같은 복잡한 생물학적 과정을 이해하는데 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 세포추적의 자동화를 위해서는 각 프레임에서의 세포검출, 전후 프레임 내 세포들의 상관관계 조사, 새로운 세포의 인식 및 세포분열의 확인 등과 같은 일련의 작업들이 수행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위한 효과적인 자동 세포 추적 알고리즘을 제시한다. 첫 번째 프레임에서는 세포영역의 특성 분석을 통해 얻어진 특징벡터를 이용하여 각 세포의 마커 영역을 추출하고, 여기에 워터쉐드 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 세포 분할을 수행한다. 연속된 프레임들에서는 이전 프레임의 분할결과를 이용하여 현재 프레임에서의 분할 과정이 수행된다. 그리고 각 세포의 기하학적 특성과 밝기 특성의 결합 비용함수를 사용하여 전후 프레임 간 세포의 올바른 상관관계를 조사함으로써 세포 추적의 정확도를 개선한다. 실험에서 세포영상 분석을 위한 소프트웨어 패키지인 CellProfiler와의 비교/분석을 통해 제안 알고리즘의 효율성을 입증하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.529-539
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• 2008

Background and Purpose : Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most aggressive tumors of the head and neck area. OSCC is known to preferentially metastasize via lymphatic system, and resulting cervical lymph node metastasis is the most reliable of treatment failure. But the biological mechanism of the regional nodal metastasis is not clear. So, we determined metastasis-related factors in orthotopic nude mouse models of OSCC. Experimental Design : Two cell lines-KB and YD-10B cells, established from human oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma, were xenografted into the tissue space of athymic murine mouth floor. The mice were followed for tumor development and growth, the murine tumors were examined histopathologically for local invasion or regional or distant metastasis. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical assays with antiepithelial growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, phosphorylated VEGFR-2/3 (pVEGFR-2/3) antibodies. We also determined the microvessel density. Results : Transplantation of human OSCC tumor cells into the mouth floor successfully resulted in the formation of orthotopic tumors. KB cell line showed significantly higher tumor proliferation and higher nodal metastatic potential than YD-10B cell line. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated higher expression of EGFR/pEGFR, VEGF, and pVEGFR-2/3 as well as higher microvessel density in KB murine tumors than in YD-10B murine tumors. Conclusion : An orthotopic model of OSCC in athymic mice was established which copies the cervical lymph nodal metastasis of human OSCC. Our mouth floor model should facillitate the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cervical nodal metastasis of OSCC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1098-1108
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• 2021

The literature indicates that LINC00174 promotes the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, but its research needs to be enriched. We tried to explore the function and mechanism of LINC00174 in CRC cell proliferation and migration. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the binding relationship and expressions of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA. Clinical study analyzes the relationship between LINC00174 and clinical data characteristics of CRC patients. The expressions of LINC00174, miR-3127-5p and E2F7 were verified by RT-qPCR, and the combination of the two was verified by dual luciferase analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation as needed. Western blot was used to detect the expression of EMT-related protein and E2F7 protein. Functional experiments were used to evaluate the function of the target gene on CRC cells. LINC00174 was up-regulated in CRC clinical samples and cells and was related to the clinical characteristics of CRC patients. High-expression of LINC00174, contrary to the effect of siLINC00174, promoted cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, up-regulated the expressions of N-Cadherin, Vimentin, E2F7, and inhibited the expression of E-Cadherin. MiR-3127-5p was one of the targeted miRNAs of LINC00174 and was down-regulated in CRC samples. In addition, miR-3127-5p mimic partially reversed the malignant phenotype of CRC cells induced by LINC00174. Besides, E2F7 was a target gene of miR-3127-5p, and LINC00174 repressed miR-3127-5p to regulate E2F7. Our research reveals that LINC00174 affected the biological characteristics of CRC cells through regulated miR-3127-5p/ E2F7 axis.